UNIV iHELF ow._^= ~ ~~~~~~~ 'm r f NSTl7 UTE i,r IN0US)RlxL RELA-A:nN0 LIBRARY UNNI*ERSITY OF CA?LFQPNIA I BERKE,EY STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO Li ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' no, FIR3T ANNUAL IXJSTRIAL Rr1ATIONS *** Wednesday, March 19, 1947 and Thursday, March 20, 1947 Berkeley Campus, University of r'alift rnia Berk.ey1, California I STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAfI FRANCISCO 'O, a, our co . is veapow have b.cn thosc of thce lawyer tA-s noa.? opponAtlon, 4te apatay of legisaltures ar the inflexi bilit-ir of courts. A uatte- tf Harvard Lu School, in 1904, he| wak for tx.n years a practici lavye.r In chicago before he steppe Into the national spotlight as> C1' CoUwwel for the -ailvay Unions in tho Federal Government Injtmction Suit of 1922. !ter, df 't' e 0-author thi R?,ilvay Lebor Act pasied by GoCnres in l2. 2 aN ;v ational Industrial Racevory Aot of 1933 I hdi keas eontr'ibxurd mucnh to tbc- geniesis of tVhe Federal T?rade Commission,I thu- Clayton A.t, and thc Child abor. Amendment. * ndW'r the lato President Rooesvelt, hJ 3orved as CTa hafz of the National R'o- covery -Admtnistr&tion Board in 1935., setting forth thcm legal prin ciples unw!erlying thee hilosophy of the ..A., a winnng a a.o a C"^f'cndr a? the oausc0 of' accial aW. ecoomie Justice, In- dne} he bas been called labor's most efTfective legal ion in all. it$ history. :'t dives a le. asure ror, to scnt ihEonald RicAbex'g, & distinguisn-d attornwy of Chidagc ar Washingt1on, D.C., now,, in a Manec of speaking, rtiree. from public life, h. Rlohbcrg! .,Loud app1ausee. TrIN RIAL DISP1Zr],3S AND T?H?P IC I? R PT Donald R. Riehberg, Co-author, Railway Labor Act of' l26a National Industrial Rewvery Act; Chairman, National Recov- ery Adaidnstratiof Board, 1935. MI RUM2T : Tbank you, Dr. Sproul. STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY S5AN FRANCISCO3 the. Snn1 1t004..\n md entl.".efl ; am movedl by a headline j. todayt parers to recount a little inoident In wy lif Li een.ctWton with a sin qUijt? Well knowi to Joame: &. Joh = . evis ,7~ r Md yz asoiat.-unz Oev",f V'C ars vit~'i 'Mr. ]"Jv?8 and ait tirnr5 I may havc' been of quito oorsiderab1c service to him, alt?ioup n V r ro a iO a y wpoyed But I r~ o br one t i we ,7,thUh never .nrofessional1y evmloP e jtL->3 m>> t 75w3t; tr- LI C> l t Pc 1 pu14 soxrvic.e,-' vlie-i I LI c'our."d Pr jcvist e:t trcmc sliileasur. Tha faot, etalin legal prinoiples whico I gave aa uouse1 fTor the MiRA at that time vere very offenmive to . s and in, 2ais customary msitrained and modor?t- 1I ill iasueT a stat-ment to the press in which le saiid " (I bad) be traycd labor an'i tuxwed against the breast that (had) auckl& (Me.o I was not entirely familiar with that location, but I though I uW*1cratocA what. Mr. Levis meant & restrainod a nmatu'al inclination to make any anaz'r for quite a tie, and one day a fev veeks later I happened to be go In to see tbv- rNszident vben Mr. Lewis was oc?ng oout, We met the offioe of dear old Secretary Mcintyro. I said as Mxo Levis was ooming out, lt'Johln 2 dontt kow why you got so irritated abo my opiorm a few weeks agoe" And he look& at me with tonsider- able' surprise amn he put his arm aroud my shoulders in a most atteationatV way and hlc said, D, Don., there w notht per- so-A1l in thatt" ' .Zb I find at the present time that I must say soma things that soiu a little unkind about some very d frienrs of min| with whom I have orked in what I thousht vas a omon cause mars STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY 5AN FRA.N C oFC n - Olt k 9 w c, 7ou will all ert that therce is "notthln| pereonAl"' in wat I sayl It vas nearly rour'soore aimi seven ycars ailter thc ocot ion oci Abxiax LMneolrim vhen w- tound oursclveu as ue are today,* faoing thc pxob31cm again ac- to wbether any ration "conceivedA in libertay am dedicate- to 1%: pronoSitiou that all men arc oreat fr(c and eQual. . . cm long owu.r | An irre10ncilabe C(flconfliet brtvo'en freeN labor and slave labor brought about, and was ende$ by, a civil war, 'he subject4 off workers to the political-eoouomic of employers wat mna& imlavt!u in the tfdted States. But today ther in a ne aW growing tyra of labor o i zrs re labor peliticians-w a rapidly expandimg lab rohy--tbat serioul-y theatens the endur- ance of? a nation onceivr.ved in libe-rty, lis is my at eanser to the question What is the ez tent of the public irzierest in 1lbor disputes7? There is., of j oCourse,, an unending publie conern vit all ontroversies which threaten either to disturb the peace ad good order off society o to bring injuries ad suffering to inocent people.. Te progresf of civilization has been achieved pririly by estAblishing peacefu% prooedures for the sottlement off domestic conflicts, by ranuiring all citizens to submit their Unsettled disputes to the cowpulsory arbitration of public officials a to refrain frow rn to settle them by the compulsory arbitration off pori. vate force. That sort of compulsory arbitration we call 'thie ad ministration off justio&*. STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANC isCO f.r Mc studis, t courage and the toil O?' scientists ad .tti"'o-sophers wu16 have- ben largely in vain 1f a secial intelli z aW.A ide&iss 9.aj not areated syqt?rns mec IAnnof law and e~~ ve n Society withiLnt vhic frec mun ceitld aseek a gain thc, rewamd of 8sCrviec to cthers, tirialstic, Cr } }al- wiwed w.n are inclined to forget that their liberty of self>ad-- vanc ;t Is ouly preosrvod by our society because of the idcal- istie theoxy that -i a free, oonoiy private gain is the -st rte vard for a service to other,s If it ver. gardod as rig&t for the strong to opprrss adM exploit the weak., hy should we have polioemen an courts,?. Wth sh-uld we nwnteet any liberty oxeept the, anarchistic freedom of the brutal, tie ruthless ad the. eim ning to co=pel gentler, kinder and finer men ad wowen to serve The P h , the (a , the- feudal lord s, the bri ds and slave drivcers have been brushed aside,s " political idealists have. organised potmiar goverwonts a a public police to n- tam thhe gre-atest possible freedom for al ad l to defeat and to r,presa th>oOs private ammies that ar, always being organed to obtain the greatest possible freedom and power for a few, But, thapp the ividualism which es men w111- ing to die for .iberty, makes them also boutile to those rc- straints upon their Jndividual freedom vhich are necessary to pres-orrve the freedom off others Ph. suc*essful businessmsn, having used his competitive freedom to defeat competitors, bncomes a would-bc mnopolist, STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCc -1 7 8MMIErking tfi diotate PriOes to onuwers an vages to labor, in- BbIPf3o a lofty confidenoo in rbe benevolence of lods intentior,m t.; riitaoos of hiEi 3udgnwts an the justioc of ils rmvards. ThoS suGrofsi Icl?tiAoian,, having uscd %il political feedom te; idePsat hiU oppents, bocomes an autocrat, seekImg to Txrqptu- t; iLie d7 ty,eorii'1ident tMt, in its wrposes, its actvdes itc; aitadoi it vill uuount all pruviou& re-oos of public The successful labor orCgAizer, having used economic and loLitioal ftoedom to deXeat all opposing ty ieS beeonw a labor niopolist afiizg at the contralized contwrl of all labor, ll vages,, all production an inevitably all prices, czaltod by tht strange deluTwion that a ruling class of labor politic-as abo y--ill be less dentrotive of individa liberty sire p.duativc of moo ocowity an proserity than previous bred of toyants, 1[ those6 labor ILea3ersa th-. seoIf-pxolaimcd liberals vbh ivo -thm unquestioning suwpprt, were genun libertaris thy ould. be rdoutl de ing the onactwent of lav to provide for he: paoeful settle-ment of inustrial disputes, rwery true liberal =ut know that only by the establishment of an admitnis- tration of justice ni&vsia dsp1 dptte ns t bc oreated am mntaM.0 by lak., it t%. s nation, oonclv4tv in libert'y is to endure LOt t.m k it quite plain at the outoot t=t I do rt pro- pose to argue with thofa wbo question or deny the idealisms which arc fundamental to our form of government. her do I propose to argue with irresolute,, comsd timid r rinrrs who are afrald to be)vo the Soveroien, vhio represents all the people, ave,rt h suprrey of public force over the priva.te forces which are o ned to advanae the speoial interests of one ece - nomic clAss of people. Thore are those vbo bonestly tear a strong government. in thla nay when individual mn-pawer has become so gign4tic that a few ruth8cas men Light wipe out a great city, there are still1 backward-lorking people whoohattor incobhrently about the best governmeint being th- least governmt Thwre are still politioal imbecites who think it is safer to leave labor dictators like Jobn L * Lewis tree to force the nation to submit to the d ds of private Interest4, than to emower the goveranut to forc .-| is and hi follcrers to Aubmt to the d s of the public But, enough tin has been vasted in futilec dcbating wisth STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO - I o3cwious aw unconsioust. ene?mics or our 8soc0-ty, It is not tho 'C fov action- by wn and-e ho Aetan faih i our inatitu t?cns &n vhose vision ),w not bctrn i*p&iUd by ignorant prxjut el".00 n., I mrnrnd Ptit -pIti$ t It tbL* tio tor discusing, ot i < e 2avilss aap$ of lbot ' union agains t t h gSe?ral wolflarc, 8M1ll be stoppe, but what is tho visests most eifbTcti *e prooeduiv for stopping theme Therefore, we .mlst reject at the outsri7t the% cowusel of thos who ar, ever ready to palsy the strong am that is raised to oheek or to punish then evildoer. There is a beautiful appeal to our f feelings L the argment that it .4A,s m blescd to givc than to reeeive, aml that we bould returm good for ovil that man. beings siliould be persus4od to doSight aW not forcibll .Grevented from doing wvrong In truth, a beautiful, appealing ar nt can be dc in ravor or abawdoning all attewpts to govern people b orgLted public torce-.,a arguwnt in favor of a univesal effort to acce the Scruno on the Fowzt as a political oonstitution. However, i io vell to recall that He who delivered the Sermon scourged the moncly exg fromi the Dexrple a2 vigorously ao d that He ba ooc, rnot to bring peace but a swrd for the. destruction of It is also well to remember ta thrughout the world a|d witldn our own borders, every existi c ivilization bas beenr fomded nd developed uer the protection (c- publielyecontrolle force deoign"'d ostonsibly for the advancement of t onomn good STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO - I pllt I 1- I r J?, k ICa Fa&sc'is at] 0ourW-mns givoeoxamploe3 ot then C)pprflvrai sewl S-fish tBct of' political power, offspring of the military tes of bysno a8g Tfha t all the potential evils off entrla d pC >er are u lns8.'-r noacec, to our society the 7 of a contin ing warfare orv private gain boetveni acti-ons and classes amd in- divt1dutals lzn"rrstrainod by IcW lea oNb. ti0U- to proteCt an] to prorte the gencnr. ;m Ifareo Zo let us bcgin our seareh for a ivy labor law, :tr;u:ver, with a clear umders ding that we are seeking to preserve a free econoty, liberty of contract and a coi..petitive regulation of vawc:;,, prices and produotion. "We ae not ser-king, but we ar re- S5lt)d to escape frorm, that political r%gulation off inustry which is thea objec,tive- of those nlern ra licals who &?seQ rnrA 5y to sacrfIceX , 1.M. individual liberty1 to gain an ..llusory isecurity. un- less we have lost faith in our long-accepted notionl ideals we must rey fundamentall on the voluntary agreements of free men for the Ti zing of wages and prices and for ahng teas on which they will irort together or czX c thciAr pro?uots. We not ourceor require thu compulsory aZbitatiof of im5ustri& disputcs, cexcpt as a t rrsort an a neteary de s atAta twlazss injuries l1o the general welfare, F ato re eektng to fit a wawy for the peaceful ad Just settlement of economic centliott ct' interest without peraitti any private monopolist to exploit us for selfsh pur es or any public authority to r,egimnt us into th- servics if w n on eva sellIstlo ruling class. STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANC!SCO - 'I t p I I I U1 Thtc- 4Vst tot* in w bkstng ropetitlon ai volutary agriZl'vnts as the regulttors of idustry is to outlav the org3ni cat-l on yix; eo-roivc., operation of labor mnorolc4?es that are, tCA lV;aii ,lld by fedc,r-m 1ev. It t1e crly da,pyu m labor -=n;,ons wc-: st 4gnr, for existenc.e lnst b; businresa ore zsationw vbiob areated practioal moopolies of eMgloyxontX i-t seemed res- scbable VWfi desiible to free the Ucfl from the m4oSttrBint8 ot tht an tlti -*rust laiws, o0 la-1galiz 11xr oaomil tionis in re3straint of tradc appfaled to msny as the logioal vay to combat big buSi- ness amonpoliEs vhese control of the labor mrket appcered to be In reoent yaru, fcderl law as fathe growth of labor waopolies. rzont nnly boy spocial privilege al t?es con- ~nr '-d ufl I~Q~ z o s u~a.c'by special mr,straints imposed uit2fi' U.) LIj 14'Dra wd,ono. bu also w B% on i cwnt, Under this political favoritis ve bavve c lav tful tL1. stifling of competition ai te do tion off industry by labor oriations umrostrained by amy lee.l obligation c-ven to aveid n(eedles8, vilful ad intolerable i5njuies to millions of hc4lale8s innocfnt pvoop .e And this bas bceen polutcd ot vory bluntly ty the Bu' SUprewe Court in = recent *aze-s, ea- in,eed fort~mate tbat more serius haxm not been dcnc by our toleration of these anti-social conspircies which bave been legaizcedi A certain a t or foresight, da well- gruWeid fear of n.ubllo rs..sentirnt, hbve restrained great n pcrwerful unons from the full use of their ext2'ordinu'y vnivi- lsefc The ambitions cT mny labor bosses have also been - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - STIENOT'YPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRA NIimco moderat( by rivalries betven uiOn, by tbri monaoc of5 orsa. Ws.z>d workers, and by the unoertainty of thir contro vr a- -f m; i sciiried s.nd umwilling t o*llrers wx havt b-en oon srrittec &. paP4&te pver cannot bc. suIcceAfully regulated. It at be tolerated, It mist be destry.w Th-- oreation or operation of a lab or nitioa vhich is capable of dominatg thi ocomrec of te nation', or of a Comrn Ity,O in any dustry of public aoraex',, must be mde unlawful wnd thc law t be enforced by tbh full use of all the oowcra 0 govertuent. That is the firstsip T in then3 protoc3tion of STEiNOTYPE REPORTING COM\/lPANY SAN FRANC!SC 3 I publie int-.rest inwt the evi1l t1at bave ariatn and will cen- t eubject of wvat thcf a2llvay Act le dow?, 18 mrely all yo attention to thew roood of the fliteen yeare prior to thtc ntbrta of the war duri vhicbh uaeo=ted thousa of d is putese vcrfa ettl1, by agree-ment sa cut of something over tbre thousand that finally vent into mediation,, sowthing like a third was isettled by nediation agremact and -tnins like a thousead wore st>.~-- o t.hcr ways and] so0wthing li1cc tfiv hndrcd vere sactt1e by w1untary arbitration, an only tvent-y-six roaocd the t'inalt ae of an ew-rgonoy bo&rd, the i-cowwdti of whiah I every osc wevr accepted, An so you bave a p ti*ally strike- loss -,,cord Ad that is a rrcord that bas not been ztobed unde arr industrial relations law in this or any- other country0 T do not wish to bore yoirith any wre statistics, but you can irivestite and f the facts if you ake interested0 It phurnzd no.t b neecs tc spe"d tae n :Ct or two 01nVinc ing the, Cogres that this Acot of 19Z6 s been the only labor weltIons legislation in Aerrian history thbat } prted and preserved industrial pacc. Also, egy t huld not be weded to convinee asm lntelligent person that peace in ST ENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO ctv. ixr)ustr~y cannot b ia ktial te ly proe orved ., ov or b yr a sorsibl1 l&. ift urwtastri&l v&f&aa Isp to be le)X4iiAa arS e Cod4 in i- Fv ja s ilt >e r- ' I A u tcu t 2 1t d o es seem n cce .> D +y wt p i t o t t Mt '-NZsr' tnc n rcrixt rears hat vie be en vorkin nigfit a day to d iscredit thc Railny Labr Act inclue1 alt tbe trouble- :D e sr.rtL;S in AmcAoa, 2 Wt4 %. av wared CC) t ACie arc the (pW tc t tIo xl e nettcu , P lalu&striC pea ce, on t th r Q>vdz lab or raok trcrs, the Tel)sv( trave_lersm, and other misguide-n liberals, aw-last bUt not least-those a eade perfectionists lho tltnk that expmourikg pe-tty criticism and untest& theoriesi givws bettert @vidonxmce or scholarship t&a dravig pretical emnolusto trrn -oractlial results. (lauEbter appuse) I have to pay a tribute to some of mq old professors I Tco ztos wbo are b .stly seeking a way to industrial pcac, the patb !as tvt obscure. Study the Ratiwy Labor Act an the extraordinary record of its suecsstul operation0 Revise it so as te.: correct voa3eeswe8 that have developd Q O &5 te apply its princtples to the problc of othe.r industrie that are fuz$ainenta1ll tlu -sam but different In detail Then, by the, s3ai of a co mp? ehensiv Fed era l IrW wttitrial Lulations A ct (Col owing thke pattern of the Iii lny Iab Act) A&t a bli thc gw ay of peace in all industries subject to national rep-lation establish tbe legal oblgation of employers an cwmployees to ak every reasonable effort to preserve the peao T at long last, we4 ray seriously undortake our loxwneglocted task o STENOTYPE REPORTING COMtV1PANY SAN FQPA.NCI[C:OSl 17 ctiv ilI.zing eur in ustrIa^l relatSona Ant to the "doubting The7asBes" let me point out that the establislmrnt of- thr obliga-o r w.,,, rc .E an ',-,> w ts e ; s e W lOyE , .+o nro o rrv e t hle at o n &tiS k1t;;t stEtfl4; usc {5d Yn t1>5e rai4slrsoad iMustx9y wal z=t^ th qx r?Oult of any. C,t i ifl?rr poaeoNt, beautiflul taituati ou Lu thb railroad f Pusw> ay, beoausc ,t iappaxc tic Onl t1e 'iorst eotktriketorn zu ; n t h c ct ntry a t th^>c tine *t ? c ct v~w sed I, P a! it v,"s nrot the rsuiltl at thv tat that the,4rc3 ve rt a& lot oP tino, strcrtzunion in t2ic t dustry., because as a rtte-r of tact, thrc yen, a gre? at uarl union fighti for thelir lives in the raiLroad inrutry and crafts tiat wrc. vey iuadequate ly or zcd.So aL. the 1bwbautful a ;ntZ tlht you will hear ?on tuauc to tfo as tc the reason whyr the Railway labor Lot phflotsophy can iot b, appli.e to other irtustrieE break down upom facing them vith the facts. t t be admitted that the nding of labor monopolies thg; reel>stabli afnorccrmnt of ; olectiveC bar- gaining will. not is'ure the peaceful a just settlemet of all laboxr diispute s. The,e are profoud economie contliots in th e Interests of employers ad employeres which will lead from time to timef to disagreements which hardly bc decided ecept by somew fton of ctonecion In t1he? saei fy, then;, are other sooial conflicts whiebh voul.d lead to violence and a bruta cisIon if the modern state did not make the preservation of an ordery society mare Import- ant tin the liberty of an idiidial to fight out his quarrels STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SANI FRANCISCO -I rlv1garilee of thr injury done to others. But this is the law of rtw wd&rn state: so--even a mother and father wbo have ut xa*ate&`, 'th each venting the ctod o'f a ohild, mut submit tttkz-2 acc>ntrowvcrsy tz the Inal1 bim? tPcisSon of public C&i it . suigostwd bat atq issue ot wacs or working con- d ?omj Its as lm xt&t to a vnrkt r d wo&it' t1x; cuas tody of Ults OblSdW %n It be argued that alth '-z ma and women ar? not permitted to u forc to ret a child, or a wife or a husban,, they should be pezuittod to wge civil vart&*e to d cide wbether a vag3 should b'. iaer7aed ive (nts cr svvc cets an hoaiur--or whether a worker slhuld be pald for taking a bathi, befor or aft going to, work? (Laughter) The . proposition that e6ornsidO Justict bi obta ned ex epsv,,t by zvx mn trc~e f' to conorec a intimidate one another is absur em its me-Wre statement, It forc; mut be- the final arbiter ej,. Wdispute, then the underlying principle of a civilized ocity oompt'pe4s us to establish a - force controlled by a ptblic lay as the arbiter and to prohibit the use of tor and the application of a Ite l.av to dictate the doeision. Ths, by a log%o tat ot bo cnde-, we oe too our last resort for the settlement of an industril dispute that c be l2tt se ctled that in its consequenuccQ deeply concerns the publie interest. Such a diepute would be onn v?aioh threatened t stop the produotion or distrIbution ot an iniispesable product., Our rtv labor law mut providea f or the oreation of an i ial STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPAiNY SAN FRANCISCC .1 ! L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~9 trib'una2L tor th decision or such an ' V'ttlcl cotrery Tt & .cision must beo irritten by law into tht cooprattive agre(emenat Oa ^;,>g *v rtThs vec tbat they may continue ev york together tor mutual Vt nn.rit. m ny ontinue teir sznrvtoe tc. tW FOOV'ty *ticb is| :flit( et4r ;tiz th e ir g ttee on an d s e c u rt y . S>t *t b tphasizcd , e v f t t ths us ofC sr}, n v. arta ratien m awt; be the3 nc(. pticn a .i' nt the rvul in t.hw . ttZ-mont of labor distyakes? Tlhesre t be no once cmesn 'A' ement ror labor to shiz* responsibility &rd to blame their failures on public arbitrators, as lAyers often dio when they lo mie Viaic thcy ah3v1d have settled without 11titition. Per thia rean there should be no p eat tri-bunal with Open 'teers in'tlttxg quarreslome persrons into the Judicial arena ?h? 11C costs of litigating should bce Urpos e n the- parties In acoo'viane? witha the reasonableness ot the-Ir contentions and the time-saving effiiciwny of their prosentations. The public arbi ters should be rquired to avoid at drastic es in existing relations and should b, restricted to the applicaticn of prevail- ing stadards vboh have been establishnd by voluntary ageement, Tle" ncv conditions iosed sihould be eA effective only for a sutficl.ent pevriod tcoprovide a fair teat of their justice. Fin- ally, the public arbiters shouL be required to avoid authoris am at in existing labor relation that Might be detrimntsa to tho interests of the, owmen or to the genral public later& )y ouch litations upn the authority of public arbiters, STtENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 20 1W 3 . 3tril diisputaxnts ny be cst in deeply involvd, There should be, no attempt to solve all thest problms by legislation-.not even by lave gi ad- xtnistrativc eowaission thei auathrity to bless or es e e mnt aW labor with pateralistic controls! Th preserve a free conotrW e mut be " vigilant it nwurishing political over- lords as inst totemating economic monopolists. Tht,; to own t t up, lo,t me say,It is the Punotion dty of a goYerTsent, og ed to preserve freedom and to protect the general welfare-, to intain the supreacy of public law ozNierQ. Tt is the .uty off such a goverment to destroy or else rtgidly to Oentres. tioty private ormization that is bei used or be used to d.e.prive ttiaors of their liberties or or thei prot-otions from vanton or deliberate, injury, This duty our tfed ral gove,rnmet our stto tegovrmwnt8 have long neglecoted No public official vbo is willing to continue this evasion of responslbllt a this violation of his wn oath, of OffI?ctOe, is STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISC- 21 vrz.OC any turthor public oont'idenao, ?h-re t8 ThY paxti & ni i t b? &S8C 1%ion e?le mSse c 4l a ~ y4~,jj*j4~ypartilbanship. tc,, tCm sintt(Man&rc off ~W1teLf-4%?O rrt zit aAoM^r t:tr C % lS3 t!tUt iO n tf t c ij wv ea u taine appoXauz t ~~~ ~ In '4 &I4,j thxe !, ted Z 4ait; -s offi Azvr a s p s''l't i ful t3t i tot* 1_z U stvow - the aiioice o MffiP r!aYt: rnmt t fran t4th'in or im odiat, destruction from without. .(Axr li fe as a nation hung lIn the e, Therc is no) ned.tt) toll you Low m apifi ccntly the A mo'ion people rosa te thp o oamslrn, Thrt It au given io to ow:e 4 :-- i n partiealar to sao t t'at tiAaIr C C4 iOU was carr t o and it otbrt3 did lidsa 3ob so srioeesful-ly that t&7ite Ztatos, vithin the- short vS*cc off feur byeaLt, tl th rrst powrful ilitary tore th e vorisiH yh G+ l; s 0nTh. it is difficult even yet to easure this tremaulous aclicver ment the trortion of a peaeful, mn-militant nation into a grat ad bristl1ing ersenal off defoen-s an offene,, But it is clear that to accomplias this, labor - ctnt h3x7 to bV unitod in one Co m .'on; all pcaeetla strins a ) fti 4 ions rdae An c t ;; and wfth !Auost gott(e,n fsOveryn0 Ali tha 5 and u th#e shortest tim possible, was done by the, airum th War Prductdoan 3a Office of Production tat, wbh is now President of the Tndependent Society off Mtion Picture trer ducera. He Is; to be our next speaker, It is an honor to present to you the brilliant administrator, Mr... rDoad larvr Nelson. S TENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 2?! liI7l3?TA2 Dt"X3PVi?fl- AMI 'mc, rs&'icirxs ti .le*n Pos3den &oi vt cvw* TmVpmtent Wiio ?3Iur ?r&t *oe ;,o"Prl"' PenPi! Repc:en'is tative of te PtresidcntC at ?9 lJar Production B&d M. r : nyou e cerily riehz about what you to44gy before dimu-,r. You lacnw, hoq bad the ai.daetty to tell. ra% that hr" waz going to nkc his specoh so strong tat, no atter t t said, it VOU. s mid2At.d youi (La er fll that nunftir act", l started his talk by giving jnu a little. w % pictur of John Levwis. T sould like to givu I hope, tonald, ho does not say to you vbat l heardhi tnt say MWen I served nzy tint term in gvezmout, it vin and part at It Dtfn. AcQ vas a grnt iuss,* W1 oas siure you of tbat3 and very tordito gree withw. Tht this parti tir we vrex having oe- of those to whichar very popular in Washington at times, al in which eah. party M s ae to eow up to the stage to give his ide. 'we bla one day for ag- emnt when emgnt could ow?w in tell, all about the admistration of AVA sW ita iQportance, aM so forth. Then STENOTYPE REPOR'TING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO te .next vere3, on thB s day of the week, we Labor to gstrr itlws sic',kT ot somj 'twry tine muw.inostly colge they vent to work te set up thin prog ar Labor Taoh w to poa a paer, &o tbeay st;arve ou * t went to tZ i . rt" paper ;an a sh XOoan4 sand the thild, IJoim tw41rtii -xrz to) Sivc, &Wc ciax--**a pape,r that suimned i1t all1 up. The first paper, as I ewmeber ito, vas delivered by th, International Prtsidvmt of the sen t' taioa. AMhe oueu3 ant pronowre. most ot the vordc that re rittta It wont om down throUgh tbe vhole t, sa tinally it 0 to John to sum up the vhole pros tar Labor, He started out and road the first prt of the paper very entoritslly, hx I began tso -Acw damn an be got into th_ ape-ecx AMtii f ly, he took it dri ticafly in hib h #aMs, tore It up, threw it on the | floor, ead sad, " n rott Written by college boyst (a ter I Can assure you that ho not in vet Lvry uch f r with the, Lbor of the MRA that point on * I do not believe it is very difficult to a case that the public Interest is very lved eWt very much Interest- cI< In all labor dispute. etaly it is clearly ap nt that in thoec disputes which threaten their very existence, such as ! the mining of coal, in trasportation of all kinis in public utilities, the public is th innocent ytaer aM sutore mort than e>ither party to the dispute, AM certainly In that cast: t STENOTYPE REPORTING CONMPANY SAN FRANCIS2L O 411-ie u.s vitay ntaeres>e iTZ c no publlO,gWl .T. 'uni* flO (I bave r, c~t tX$y-i all W lff@3 partieox.y in t. M-IdlV -est 0aC ' ivvo v *,it i go to :tnula?;, in my f lo, Uonc OIs form of sc ttI(4' mt Comcs &4bout. z) tit.a tba ee will not bave their 5c thrown tops-turvy, I kmwv -y labor ledcrs vo I thik aUro juit as tiew mc ati I knc 13!1n emet. (Laei;tte) I nwv 4S W in eirmg Thfo 'L' arle just as bad as sour of the labor leade 1 I But I; lave beern in iop*s (maybe it, Was twough t Idealism) tiat intelligenn labor inor itd amtryE-a therce is a lot of itt would la s whe o-usht tc 1mav, orv bLas*o fact about the Amerlaanicp hih T thnk uy wb lives the Ameri can people will re aog as a basic fact, ak3 tlat is tbat they hate dictators. 'iYhy vrill not sta7d for anybody in this oountry being so strong that they can rule tht-Ar 1Aves and mke them do thbxug whioh ewy think arr. not In the izo best itereists ia a ssure you of at. ft deco ot e any dferenc vhct!wy they-,- m ' .n of ^ ?hcl t"c{7 fecl am toc st;rong men Goverirttt. or men of labor And the #on ftear that IT hay that I vant to 4re Mt to YOU tonight s aear awe. a vkry aoute one), is that the public opion will get so arouscA as a reosult of what it has een goi g on, it Viill ist ca labor STENOTYPE REPORTING COMv1PANY SAN FRANcIsco -6 , - 25 1 ic not bie4i.etv that you can mke !t too severe,f Th w g nr3 r Aet am4 itt way in v ich It va adminstered vor too) sever-C., ??. Nationa WLabor Relations Act 0414d riot last; it bas to be Y . nicv r fevgotts:tn ti a m tt tn &t tnr of us from >tuztry n et tA-t Joht 2 t4is at V 3S I4 n c tl 2'Jc o t xt q s i~ w1t; ' a ft c r t Zl z3t t hi agar Labor R4sations Act was belng sdministePed o parti y y | ik,t. nrttsnly row thstandpoint of Labor, min you, but parti sarny from thep #tandpoint oi' the CI0, omw branoh et labor. Andi you vUll ?tm people In the AFL who in those' days wor: just as vhemonc sagsinst thi way the Act vai admin'lflsWr& as were tawfrow 'owtUnt. We tried to get thm to see. that that Act, aSPti Ny Mmmi strrod, woulA orsult In great harm to labor. Cidney wef it. T wa a very *m,rt ( keen,, alert follow, an d think it is very bad for the labor rnesrt, a gxat loss,0 that Sfdney pzssed m. Biut John could not# sec, 5t| ?. should like to say thi eff thc record (Ybnarkb s outtsid e the record . )| W. l &iI: 'he prtnrwplc of oollective ?am nii ft a s 3t r 4;v-'^ A* mu&vl bu t he an.11,- t v q; L co no tivl wsnt today ocAs t the conference tble- in olocttvo bIin- ilag much more open"indred than men from Lbor do, I bav said befor, -San I rpeat it because I t i t pertinent, that men of Industry have aoocpted collective laitv Bt what they do res3nt1 aw tnk quite rightly, t4s oet.v STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO -7 bu llayingI it?ans that is vhat you mea, Don, y mopoly'1,t I do not lAOtOY it cPrtainly can not be when a party coms to the tab1o_ with the power to control the situation, ad without any disus-| sletn deo sa a certain figure. To m that is not collectib:ro manig,* Colleotirn inaasconsists of ptopl v ith or mins,s sittig ar t;e table listening to eiach oth-etr's re,,apons why certain things can or ca not be done, aW out of it tI to find soth that will woit for the a good ct the cm- plo7ycr, of the toer and of the employer. Too often we loso sight of the fact that in ths country loss than a third of ou population btl to unions, a thid of them are rer, ve will very row h &Wly a t of them arc peopVr who live on fixed incomes--slchol teachers, policemen, f?rem nS, vom en, widows living on pensions, men livin on pen- sionss4 , would ot vnt these figure,-es contested, bcauset they are not exactly right, Tflhl thing Just can not be in theJ interest of the eoonorq vlt;u3t detlibct7er y inflating it, much in the or of Otlr ot those ratchets that we have oftcn seen. It is level Wrc- ad thean It moves up at this side, asn then these people all suffer at a point whore they can not begin to buy, and then smetbg mivea them up awl then th3ey Ove, At tbhi point anoth(e.,r y--raon $ 'tt lookt Cur coditions are so tad t te can not allcrt our cost of living to go up further." It costs won to get thleir laundry done and their ole doe and it costs more yI STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO3 28 e vt P 9 't t t i v y I S fl8 t i n 't !> e cv ty 9 . % e i t c oe t s th c C a r t r m o r e Sfltv t?r thina tnht Yr produees beause he has to pay not ?Joz | fl jw:I.~4~,sn 4 .titn, tW n it nfl bte an eto leea rnatcne o A| Oa n.f Xot 30 Ofl I flr: Unbl4 has to considep aL. these th i s of inoc.., Med oo0etst This great, h ost of living o? which we arc so prow 1W tti s ut ry, aw :t a so ruauh C oad of vexejt g that we lavc ia the worlN, the desire of people to keep cost dOVf-lUlt as a )? 3uit ot Wages paid,. Pt iz nA the point at all. Wages at ooests do not bave the direct relationship if ve prOdml,Ol Wore. But believe me I (and I ay It aain and ain WhilV ' ai talking to yu, because I WfIelve it is just " funi-t matalX as aythling that low of), you 3ca not vork less produee loss -arw at the s te expect to have a hclt1tr eooi nowny, It is not a question of uges sid,, It li a questIon of production, There are all kinds of artific l restrictions on producti which are put on today by unions. L was rt abie during the var to goAt allA that I wanted, ekvkn in the intcrest of winnig the war, and y aree here tday oconstantly thbicing in term c nrgo- ttating 4tot f less ncs work andA getting more and wru Pyae -And it only results in higher and hwigher prices, there is a relationship between wages paid, cost of goods produced, an prfits the cost at wiich things am sold. 0( living stanards in this country were t about because indus try and labor durga tong period of tim worked haed together STENOTYI'PE REPORTING COMPANY SA.N FRANCISCO 29 brtnsx~~ tW rg toLrrr nricfJt ;v ot .^ t- icstz9rY iuisge aK.-/;'i IW GU4iu t dutzJ w tb prLA tv? or &utcaobtel atr = i at tbxz san- tiw nos i.A m o 4s X)trit th1&an ari ot Wr ajztO wbfle I cturcz% !isat tYFv~ p&ol'edr he sot, appreciatins the tact tbnt they werc &ie cnato,ly paid, perodued for Henry INnd at ho produc.ed a oar whii Pie a aseiv &' 1 poupl cou l d u 1 00412 SC aw l wi CR A i z 'at&ao t cr. in st wan c f rom m q .i0c. A&& ; - u r M n Thti > ^ t tint ' o ha ve to i n this co untry tCo kC p on Itproin6 t& sa ards Co livi (an to wl tint it grat strengt). of a dwcracy is tc3 produc Wrt I ad $ell i for am less all thx ti, An it can be- done, I hts: Sti.:Q it dour. Thor'., there are> no artificial wstrt- ticons it can and wtv.' be done, At 58 anZ v wat Ifldutry can I was out today at the Cutte r Ysb onto rZ-s. You kncn, pen ?cillin was onca of the thing that woe had to produce very fast after it was once decided that penicillin v a grat vonder drug ci could do voaedrs for th| soldiers and later for tbh civilis. WN iot about in WI' to ge tlr mzimm. amount of prouotion. At tint tim it was selling tor abou-t twenty dollars for 100.,Oocunits, which Wveb a nortl | dose, Today t.hey told me the pr?oe of -peicill-n had been reituced to thirty-two ouits ftQr 100,000 Units* They are working on vys to pro-,duac rore aMd ne--et at less wagesa, but lea was t do it. ? believe tint abe done, and I am not being idealistio thbat I kIw rom experience it can be donw,, 3ut it gs got to STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY LAN FRANCSCO 30 b!- dnone with a vill on bothi prties--a viii on the part ofe we11nt and a will on the part or ?sbor to d i t, art to st t t the tabl artnd tim out b to 6o it, In thcf interxent of !a'Austry' adm in tJtcfnterost of? thIs o?Jntr-y' T2rciv n z -waos a. tim- vtc>n we, all of us,, no nster we ac, alhould work as b as we koow how to maintain in this coun trvy a ha w apitalstic systct Gall it 'thle Aeri syst i1 you wish, or "trre enteroprise,. 7. Ao nt care tflt you call it, but it !s at les"t that thing taxr which we, ar growi Up, that has b-ee kind to this nat-io, t ha produced the ?cil of, nation Ye lxvve because we can affor to bave those t that we call tiberty ar freedom. We y not e with the idem that others have of Liberty an freedom, But I am not stressin that so muchi as I am the living a of this country which Is the cnvy -of all of the whole world * Ani it wa produced very I1 by that combination: sceintists, Yes; engineetr, TOM; C turers; the wor ma, the OUPloyee. It was produoed by that combition trying to fi way to get the thing that the peopl wantVd at a lessacost so that they could have more of th.em, (Ctt of some thirty-five years ofr ebdisi experince, 3 an assure -you t t, vith the exception of very fev thp, the less people pay for them, the iss for which they them, the more you will produc,* And viat is it we are after? Better homes, yes; refrigerators; automobiles; better rod--eut that weill keep on increai this stanard of living Of oUr it has not rached a peak, but we Ca go. even tarther today in thW STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPAN'Y SAN FRANCISCO 31 swlxtl zta gtf tt p e m ot living togr,,tTrh , n t alone, M rsat mid S0abor living together but all diffrerent xatiexattties I?viln to*etW i awl oSxit ing that intoleran re * AwM tbiti labor dispute a kiw ot itojlerane- on both SidiEs cftex Bt we ne to earse t7At and provr that this system that we are lving nler, tint has given uis thoea l.iv stamiards, is thv- be-st in the vorld. XIt WG" sc, vlA w:h abor disputt CC the kind th t w-- bavc~ some kiW M nO w Vay" to have t ett ld,o,t" ca ss oud 171;t7u *&l s4 I? muF &*ur.- you l1;1 s1al the;y wvIll te mvr haitx to this couttry in convincing us tint ve nt?ed sowe other kiw c4 system t the C ts o hsga *a o t out Tbat ist rtucal, Inv do we So about d,oig it? Yes, I think the lavws bve to be reise, I thk thee n to be equlity under the law I think a law tint is establi in a de y nt bc a 1 Xw that iz oncti&A t protects atgroup dons not protect another. I do not moan by tnt vwhn I say "protect," t, Mnt is prety largelty able to protect itself, but not without great tontlitcts If wish you would reroad the opening preamble of the Wapter Tabor Relations Act* Believe a,, it enaeted to bring about peaoe, But because at oneesided administration, it has don the laws that or Lssed by our Congress, pextioulwly in the period from 1933 on, were act that set up very broad genera principles an they then turned ever to the ad titrtor the power to ve iae what the Act really mnt, atthe trt STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 3 2r prmwutgatrd regulations uer the Act n it is ohtbitly this regulationm under the Aot that have, in my opinion, brougbt about that almost umniuous feeling of both tnt and Labor 0er ta!nly It ta trueQ o' that segmet of labor that belongs to the A.F. * off that the Wagnr Labor Relatios Act Ins to be over- ?auP*d, And I t1Ly, Xl tIn OXNez* ttc) get rid of of the bad regulations, it t-o b overbauled. I think there a other Ac ths at bvt to be NYilud in sow vay. And I am not one who believes in o sion by lai becuse It does not work unless people ar- toi: lt The. law establishing Prohibition did not voz* becaue the people vere not for it. And other lavr that mVy be xacted my set certain stanards, but they von' t be enforced. tWe have acts of injunction today, but they ar n'o enifored, Certainly in the soutiern pnrt of this great State they bar not been enforced because the* a not be,, In say of these lrge iaWnbers of people arc. involved d thcy intend to violate because they do not believe in them, The only way that I Ianr that you can enforce them is with something 'Like a concentration *amp. I bave always been opposed to oonertration , and when these sonapulsory labor lava ca.m up during the var I fougt them m th, basis that tey could. only be enforced by concentration oi '-,,erason famentafly 'vwas opposed to a ooncentrati is this that re mitt be able to put the other fellow in today, but tomorrow I be in there,# ad veuld not like to set the precedent! (Lghter) STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO - 'I 33 cht o r~rta im L y tt iv axv acts n d ed to se t eer t. ai st&g d XNs | as xnQ 7 4 2ta3&eds amrn set xor t$ mnt, bsecause v'c saw thtis vtolstod by 1loag' ent az Vl wre 1 to tset up tho3s Aota that rty :t-? pub*lic tcuoirW-g wv an SW to inrv zsti0tc rtv- tbat tt .. 0 O I 1 $f > ~S ( W t $ f l i t v t r i h t t is ]. ? s Ita te m e nts a re W t S B U 3t r . ? % ' & .. c t 9 r @ & W i * a t i t d l i W t 4 I t 3 6S ? sZ I C C Xt ? t t h I X * $ & *................................| (at tt*t",! t{- ie{ ti el it OMalvU h c n e s t; S m th e r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~jc v 7~~~~~~~~~~~n g~~~~~~~ ~~~~ o v a t o w e rs, & V t h e st o c k b o l d e r s.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t l ,- u s o zv vm b e t o o b COmnt oou]lA not violate those standards. I tne a vay, them have Vs bc certain standards 3st up PoW t1i- cqvnttion of a untion. You can nt hiave in a &democray %.1L X>tS" Z g< SseYS '*t wont vork. ].ittL autooncis's ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ru xl e all ar i d them selves., t w n' o k It Jus. won't vorkcI The mbe-rs of, a union, hav to bave rye voie- in the ment o? tbnt o:n. I dialike to usz th 'word "racketeers" but racketeers do gat in. 1 saw them in Ohioajo. I was head of the| Greater Chio go at one tirae wben we bad to drive- tham out of' uwds in ChIca.o ThBt I do not say that that is true of all Unions. Do not misundersta atwo because 11 believe in unions. I know Khet is $ exceptional thtrvO. But I think there are oertain t na conoemifln tJ1w rS e WiLOnS in Vh?032 ther YptlOyOe8 vhD do belong shoul4 have a voicc. I thnk that ne strike shinul be countenanmed unlss a strike vote has been takon--a soecr(rt strik e-nd that it be cast by a ajority of the people who bIlons to the unon. I saw one clled just the other -lay vihm.Oo | there were present in the hall only twenty pe?r cent of the people in t>Xhe nion, an it wa called by a ajority of the- trven:ty per STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO I do net call tint f'mocratic, The othcri utaym3 awr delt-1beratel*7, 2ihey', didle not vant to) strlkc,. ?twt eW thea vent back to Wvori in thi nat day or tv beeuse tley dYd t rat to triko, An] &st-il io n e tlwre &W thE tr*jority or? tb) Arty' prwt &a !te wi? sr, 1 a t tho-wem 10wt l>avrt- t& Joka at loast t it day , oa ta t be to tricklc back. I then Vkzt happened? The be t-o% bhE violcnoe and some of the members who vent black began getting broken and legs brok-en, and one-t ficm, an instructor In a er,rtaiu very important plant down there who ould train others to tat 3o1bs, got both ea brok, a -Leg broken, and his ribs tzse- turea right aSt in front of the plant. Ad TI bad a.trirecckor bomb-out in mo nmilboz. I don' t kno why. I (did not belong to t:h Union. wa just sitting be on. Tht that is wht the postal. inspector said. Tnoue are abuses that have to bfe or-- rated, 'There is no question about itt want to see this problt solved vo,luatarily, it posible,, as Don said * hope that it can h rdon voluntarily. Butt have to be ea-lant aft up that Inse the poaoetul oo120ective brgaR orboth oent aabr It is not eouw to say to ?waigeant today, "You mut In oollbotirely,17 There are all kirdis of disputes. Thewr are d towt for VagOSthfere are disputes ror working conditions, although not so tof them today, there.. am disputes for or-snisation, &JK some of your real wvan ones involve o aiszatton. You have had them STEN OTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO fm 35 !tkAt hvrc in yaw' own tovn, You )cnev a AttVl bit o:? what I talking about, And there are juridiaottoal diap'atces, Now,, oesrtiziy in jurisdioticmanl diointo theca bre no "8ttoA tttx wbat ther mus Ixb same way tint tint be settltod Thor ? a .A t sig> ism ti cau sa;t Jurisdictional dbF 4stC it if'< WiVC UniC a vwhich are involved in. it do wt vn t to ttL it, botb aU hem being affilitudtated with t&". A.?. cf Lo it ie tapp,ii in I*s geks mint, for ninem last year, nott tftr month this year. And there is not a single meelataxa pre|- v&>6U e t Wlir .Yr, mo . I as-o c le to eve b u c it va teost ing us more money, it was interfering witt prodution, asd t t d isastruao I vird Mr. S wellena I wired Dr. Steolan, 1 wire the Gv ernor, I wired the flor., I wire,-,d the A3P. of L,, I witred Joimb T'wis, ad wired everb that I co.uld All tat baWpened was that th Western Union got a little more money! (--,&u,tr) : assure you, there has been no attempt to settle that strike, A fight bas been gog on betiree.n tvwo mes of the, AJF. ot Lo T do not spoak of this becauw: I am with Industry. I m not bringing tc you one of uq own troubles, I am only say that jurisdictiona disputes " such ave no reason t no right must be settled by sow torce if it vill nt be settled by the union itself. Bur it ought to be tried tint. My record is Clear. I tried. It can't be settled, ifl these disputes a r-lati'vely smail r numbr o lcloyves STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 36 members cC the uion1. The uion calls them out an raises a pickc ' line arcuai t2i plant, ar than everybodr els rus out will m;e observe it. Indiustry stuters a the public sn?fero4. For what? An owanintional dispute. Tf a non is good sal it iu rfl%t (aw I will say this to any unionleader in the ountry), i.t t to carn the people ic into It aai non, by strike, fo:re people to ccne Into It, That is an obligation of ay union It is an obligation to prevent that sort of Ing. Wby do I talk so earnestly about this? I am not anti-union. belI believe you have to have good or tied unons whr employees can b togethbr for their oozsvn good t York in the interest of the t I should Ilke to see, for exapl, pablio opinion directed at the ae broujbt on by either ent or Labor so tint the public ca dMcide !Lftnt ougt to be done, Tbat to w is the tret thini of a dew oracy But you try to get at the facts of anW dispute, Try to rad about It In the paers try to get at the fiats. Is it bonus the paper does not pXblish them, as we arc told? Wo* Thc pape-r try tc got tbh facts, but tbere are rd herri drawn across the til aw pretty soon you do not oen wlhat it is about, awl neitber does the employee. But still it s non That should not be * That not be. There, abould be a way of getti public opinion to boar on thosc issues. I should like to see these panels in cities where the public has confidence in the. membersllip of the panels find out the facts in inaipicnt disputes an trll them to the people as fact not as red herrirWs. STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPA,NY SAN FRA NJCISCO 37. 2 wattto sex thed A tt to -e. t h it k e ep t M t f IS a, I t la s s titor x ths w Z I b otr to 1n twi I ba . s a t ir f I bw s"d the a- ctr etess that a th law . -to *uSk * W k o n. o U O syste m tiat C L or -it th e e tor state de o6m hi they P it. "en ash b t b r i w t e s o n t o o t m d b e t t r t i f l a d b e t t er l u n s o s - d itt osl w . l k S of mt S 1 i w its . tit U l is th e o f te a 7t h a t y u 4o e' d o i t, s o s et h i a g i lt o y u. A t h e y tr y t o b i the le w rtke o vMp w loss * A s todiy, wm t oh the s w nb of t he hi$ ir router. R u t i s p * i t o b e a s i s u t i l * s e t t o r . M a t , Don, I am not pw stI w r I do t k ow a I w m todap It is is t s S t s wt i s ax i n rl f l p r t u i a t i n a n n t n , t h y s y e g r e t dat* bU b e t o plat * d we at, lXit b t t M m e -i h i . l y o s Ie s y o o f t h a t. A trt N ~ t p l k i s t h e b g s e e l p 1 t i s R s s s t s| I pla y e d bfl h $ s w d s w it h h is a his o n b1il li a r t ao.| B u t h e r e i s t h isX t h e r e is a t e n d e a w a y w h is I M v .o STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 38 W,cn tar a long tfmr, sa it must rston if we arc to retin strong sa vfirile, as strong an virile a e w eXk wizen we caw:/ to tight th'- ws vfr4--a tight off Vhtah every Amrniacazis prowul b-causo b had an imustri&l system nW upn of gexent t kn}w how to ao tt at did 3t>, ami madse up of empioy-es wbo ho to do it id Ant But we hive a little tivubV, son7 ozoeption that itemmyar oad about, Niaty4tivc per cenmt oat Arican work- CeZ'0 T Till iB5UPC, o 02e just as tfite peopl:a " you will ever| t in thin country. Eewever, we have gotten into a ytam I am afraid,o whlch auscU s us to think in tert off 'featerbbedd tng" It i? a word that wty be too teoclaial. t it a system vlhrrf try to pu1t mori employees in thoe plant bri down th produc tion off the plant to the avex ga or below tead tuP to th-?.. r. ion MW ' ;O CII}IOy mKm, pcoaplC e A.nx thAt i t b asis disputes* A may lay twvel or tourteen hmdred briok s day because he c and does it to give a good day's vork awl my want to Tht. hc produces three hundred or tour hundrd bonuxs: that i. his day'a work, In order tint all of them sbould be cs- plornd And thbt rtunu your eeotw up terriftcally I vant to sre, indsutry in strong and virtlee, becaus I tUi4ik t in (an don't think in this thit I an a peassmt), tha at Vast one way to preserve peac, is to % be stroag, to be so stronv tint people will tear to attack us. That is not power p&dtios. Don't get me into that dis- cussion. I an not going to get onto it at all, It Is not power politics about wic'h I am talking at all, It is the ability t*f STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO - r 3 _ 39-1 nmtWOn to -rJotect itaif it calld upo,1 not tOf zo aroudt vetrl? vavine and va:gtng Its power ami saying, "Her I anM YOU can't itek tact t am going to do tliti' That is not wbat I en taling about, That is not it at all* Ar thaBt von't barnrn in the Thited States But the tact th at we ar. a strong nation, the fact that w, are building up our living stanard s the fact that we arc (j0 outripping the r,st of' thu'o vorld in the objectives of a democracy ely, to provide a better social lit> ad better standeard or living for irtoz pcople through working together to do it, always seewed to mt to be the best ?f?inition a -find of a dcmercy9 That iis A I come to you ani talk about thest; tn that in yW expirience will help nak this situation betters, bcoosc I am proud of this country, It has been vry goc4- to me, I sarted out as a poor boy In the country and V88 able to m$ce a fair degree of sueess becuse of the systema uder which ve live* I vant to see it continue; I wnt to *ee it strong. It I keep e isin tbat, it is just because I am so earnwst an sincere about it. ~tstk you, .,Loud and asMtained applause 1UTNr SPRcrJ In tbh tradition of our metings on this OUPUS, out*1-do the classroom, of course, I sitUl mke no attempt to tell this audience what it should think as & result of what it has Just hear. T shall mertly arogate to ewr the privilege of thankin both spakers., in your behalf as well as mint, tor the tone quality o? the discussion. STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 40 The n(cetifg ia tadj oUrned * 0* . W WW 0,, at 9*4&5 p.m., an AdJOuxnmeUt v s tU O? umtil 10t00 a.m.*, Nu' 20 19VT* * STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO - I P Ro eT.'v r G' 3* of the - FIRM AMMAL I RIAL TIONS O of th 4 INSTIT W I IAX TIONS IVERSITY .'MI11 SV0OD DAY N- ns r mI S$SSIO0 Mr Thursday morning session of the First Annual Indus- trtal Relations Conference of the Institute of Industrial kela- tiorns aenr] UnIversity rxtension, Berkelec.y eas, University of Califernia, Convened in To0m 113,# Agricultur'e Ball, at 10:00 a,.M P,raoc , Dcuth, Viorec President an ?zovoat, university of Califoxnia9, P84rding Iviln VW HY Er"IRRS 2ICr ?IDr T!? tS1F_TC1:t Ladic-s sad gentlezen, Axs Provost ef thtic prticular Camua, I am very glad to join in the wrlcome extended to you last night by the Prosldent or the University, Wf are indeed grteful to the Governor an the Legislature for akingt it possible that the Iswtitute of Industrial Relations be establ?sh3A at the University of Q2alIfomia on its two min cam- pusezo X he 4f V2r?A' V v w ot sacuti of t&c bi.s ar, of .ua c, ?nrP 14 im rtano:r, e ayngthat is, of c, "brimsiz 0 0824 I 2Are alwayc jeucn mc by thc sc in tb 2?rce o at td co-nstitution whicb declax* t (7W of thn nUn put pegs-rs in sett4gup ouw govi a is to to thc onorsl wel- are, a II surcely not is more. conthicivl. to th egncznl weir M t n ttr sozslution of th; ble v?ta2 are deftlink tIlh ( (ThYflOC is jointly r U r tW & pieirs a tlvx ln titul -f i strial RelatXon verscity Xtcnion,, which s cons- ecrncd with problc>us ot adult education awl rV tly p 1 c the fcr 4 t stuwy of imuthtrtal rwtlatiCW * Th- touo- for discussion today is raiy oc, vXid h been 1st tW tortront far a oonaidcrabV Period of tiw, &Tne or-r tainly no discussion of iustri l mation can be complte wa~ Ei he ole of' itexw ont is clarif'icA, a- ar M'tw tc have you with uon usm at this t his., Con?icrs cto part of Charter texecrcises an it ?8 certainly a pmpriate that vhen the fniversity ot tbc State oc lrb nting its t izg, it at t)w tfr coatributee to tdx solution of Probles whic invol, the State of GaliLfo a vcflL s t nation as a vbw1ho You arc cordially welcome. only re gt is t t ttw dutioce tf strator mke it aIsiblec for me to remin STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCIS .C_ - Orww-- I - _ 4thpxiztr txvsc. sC8siOnZ (czW tW? tw cv : flce t +>S< tit4rs our apake,b.* lr-44sersaen, wa vith us as W@ to I vr9,tuiISn dolivvred an admirabl adress vhioh s b tr t&1 Thrvrszity, But aWeuoc at thiz tixa Is occ ot the pzn1 tE ow: yy Cor toh adm istnt?on of a Uversity ouc as we sc you to this Pirut Conference, whih Vifl ina the nf years br foX tolvd by succeding er-eot wCt? t- w il play thoir part n helpng at lc8tit sotr mea (vw' ar e t so optimtic a to t a our con?ercnce vil rselVr thc pmblem) the soLution of theac pbe which are so to the wcflbeing not only f 'Labor an tn nt but ef: ttc p. :oplve cfJ thi Uatcl $tateefs a4 whole0f Xn my iafity to r throg this session,Y &I Vew ry g,a?tv9^tl to we ?rot,ssor WVtl ,g th Dirctoor of our Ititut- of Agricultul reo co, pse at this wttirE l * Applause * 4 HARRY W' * T ORA: P &ORY C O!ttTrr, UNSVITS OP CALWO P, ?RrS IRi WFZ a The toy,ic for di8scusion this w' is 1Thwas 1. of tth Nation2l !4ediation B $rd,, a fandro 1939 to 194,$O tC was a ntctber of the Nat-omi labor Vi 'e 0Aations Doarui0 H a9 80o _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO - I f L v?i os. # kit itaim? otg tW trA: thc Y &tat al ~5t<'tcvr4-y Mmlnist tion4 At t nrcsat tiac? ha s VieSti P- t nvgorawl Dircotor o? abor 0t no tuy at Johm v. r ttj,7 LndappolaUsec W1,47illit t eiteron,V or labor a tion Study Jo 3 i Universlty; forterly b ?Intienl Mediation ts ar atlowl TLabor Relation vy 'j 94r, W P reat obta1.4 tia ozrdcr dcv; l nt o fubl;?Xe peUcy viP; n?cpeot to inustrial rtsttts is , tenThn- of rach t'tIon to eidr its labor proble unique0 Thers' is a gnncmetl isiprc col-on, for xamplc,t tint active, gMor rxaont isrtie8ntion in labor rclati.n= beg wit tphc,k N' Peal lawt prot,C cotins nim tion sna crncoursgtng eColet ive bargin tn % the wr'. ardent Novew Dalers bave been inclined to t labor history be in 1933. As a matt(er of tat, labor re las- tions ave bc n oenuf1led by law gv r nzt in this coutry O1 th b(: tg our tor Nevthaicfas recr r,riods cC labor turwl widespread strikes tinuc to suoe cerd each oter ever the years, each genc,ntion repetats the (f' for comet t vit vil "realy selv" labor probL- u. t oner being the r ions o fiw iwrkcrs .; plgcr,2 I- proposr'o begln th,e, discussion vith a text f-tr t?t- propt of tree, private onte*rprisc, Adam Smitit I read t STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO - .1 ir 4 t p p ~~et t: toS w ete4 it a UrdZu t, t MStcVe Ir in, t s aa ?nt of tlW vor4 aot to v jec stwoVs ai x au! wr; Xm - a Uort ofdw taclt0tt t but nttti "I isGc the 0 0 RA v?elata tA ID cttOb tion in cve crc' a et actt<. a sort of ro t er a hi w4gbbourc afeq tc? tet t oocties 'uter into peaticular o ltions to a t tt 2. t areono?w a ton of th' vcri ?rl;atit, to,$ Uteu ixW zticn of a kIl,4 S- of their aocn5 toX ixflo the prce of tla irbo ,* Thir tcs are, tt hifliwi oisions; soo times the peat it vhi their torn wa$r tirO vozt ThB t t r o thbeitr fensive or defenive, v ax' a-l a, tly h,ant of, In orr to In' the point to a sp,leedy lee. ion, th%rSy have a]l. recoirsee?PX to the, l st o * sometiws to the mrot ab8hOoking vN '#noe Out , y re deamPaXte, act.u 0 (to) .fr.gjitt.ntheir -ro into an inrd tdater- omp-lianeh iT thteir A1WS MR', mten upon theac o iom &Th Just ac gros upon the o r aide an3 mcr cc uv ac tc nl alWudl foxr tW anita c of, thr 0?V?I 48 tiNte, the rigo rtcution Of thOEC I whtI2) beeVnoCPA vith so much vctrity inst cetab tiorw of l abourcr u ?t toiai protty cp Ay, itiyt pr'plc- verte btightta the }t VvihS LXt stn the> s3c0A trkt va. publ? ir9 In I77 th t ye ar Ci4 t daIt .h)ug~ In '::CZg> S?ith dcaerib a es vll te Zabrt r ttaws t2at prevailed in t3he tedU &tatct awY the rolve tax. go'v. wift ptla yedlin thad to t; dv to mwnt t 'oC?day ~to ttit thev vitctio z s been b v d,T'h 2zw"i t a> v Y STENO CTYPE R EPOlRTI NG CO:M PANY SAN FRANCISCO -I t r ?i, I S j, t W) fl ti 7 a b ea f clti cM A ct , b ct ws- v i t~ to ot ?* tf s~ tk -=n tt tt r on itt lab re're y anW tale utrot :.m13a r, boern tied by the Norris- is Act. But y stil t 0 Oit raR to Ml aloz! for the ist c of th gover ant3 on4 cm thctix & crios ar' directed to the Con tOO tb u X z 9to thi iaS tntrs, Lik a lit5 beovevr, w( t not bc mlsled by the ci r of tber: vbo have beelrNn terr0 Thle plicturr. is nt as dt ab t)v7y paint it o empleycr Ma S to 3il for volatt t L ,abor Wt>latiov :Stt but wit vs are stilt Min to 3a1 forl th 2 fir labor cmtZos, for disorderly ceuct i un |otio vith stri)n, for =as picet s *w vel as for tlhe vioil flQ| thy :znefl to in do^spnte efforts to bigthIr d isputes to a esprcA dcetgoisoa Vo ua etrad t really bawraod to ou iuvtrial ,iml in rcent yr , v, ne -ml to look tnct at leasst a d-i m*] y.t >th fwuirst quartr of' I9h |entury pszi it ti lMrvoting were abolishe~d a a fr g,. srtabti,sod In t of our states, This tact probb y, to dc with our prusitt labor troubles than wst of the othsr ause!s w cribc them- to ITt b t la t ocnbiatios of v i people, aean 1st to Ic j5e- ing of union awl of tlh rttt to strikc.. Ccr y public oeav2n trc4 Of? industrial reslation today it pri ly itic>ae b,r tv' tat; t 'or votes, and s td uc te.1, e0ga:lisilntalons strikes was hctel to i I- STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN, FRANCISCO -I I It 7 :I | *tj ^~ Uvt.t nt.!v. o4h L t to, eAlroti tk z.M 0= 3 i | ft,>X;s &- c.fl# vit1 tfrra, to dis rbra w torp flisor tt tTF- | s tat2ziw ni& t 1t tVWhV: wv't- . of vs4 iL& airtt j;t: th#. aswv ot of t&iv gSow?tl puWtic hi?ch rp v4. c - v t- tW4r ) t #It &.e t ttxi t? b~ 't 'd P8t W t'SttlQI mr r 4t BtW gto vit1h thoae ofP ustrlal rnta.* ut lit nost is ror soci&I titc, thic rotwty b err atcl wtv pie ctpually scricu ly anions arc still week in v lat?on to thr cpy , ain havr: bo grow In pcnr t war" i a pcsition to dictatc P of? cxpl at, awl ty Me detcst tctd thtA4r &ibiltt? to shut do3n v itaustri's likr coal s st rr" t':el portatio ot p rmbtc serviaces,o 1,. ;bMw bcctn nat u racti ofr ti-labor bli opin- irsn wnb:cn flats 55?peslo In Conp >,,ss awA state Vegis3atures i vz fCio%! of bills to r-strict tI-k aativ?tit,s ;)Zt*tiOos 0? a ztiona to; abellah c- of their 6wWfstc c Ther utao vent tw mbor relations 1cgislatioa at all, AIaulh and stro y ad! rw pr pr for |o. ad social logislation, in repect to tbcr mactivitic z, i;h4tt a. a plt3o trn et't,'' W no gtive attituAt, of o isa labor ins d txLtI STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO ir& s2Ztab 3Ut U tt 'JA& ?tt' ort is b'WImstod 8tudy is e Kf tD ths.ub"if, lws tiat yLec-, beeM'rmn asket w i t t poli cie3s f t& i'br Relations t' thliar lbr , aa7 t a ethrr |tr2s2vta {>c> izCic1t to f t out v wt nourc sv h l t WUel l an (Cnstrofttiwly d?rca te tow*r aP y lbor ralati. Iwm~ which &omk#J In the o itr' direction, A brie?' etion |ha b vewG' br =ea doing about oW labca) rr 3at?om in the tl CdI cain or so viLii c pl n I. tik, v fafluxw; to study h c t o t a s . y i c ' e c?~ b y c n,; c ~c #,-mioo cmizaation; all tib: mnzo indtut rie'8 a aWd? v Xh da1 dtt uai B t tlu coflectivrt a n l v adoptrd nt bt ^us( trcm t-o oi eqs alI ty In ac-Sc ttat abor eontrscts yew- :rc c4 as zsi i ths olvc.-,83 Thx n y ifc-a ~ms tbnt thu Tmbtio intt! v t Zn ia!untr i a&e justier In labor rolatios vouVl be tuwtrd W such a tii ~ ?Wc tis Pr lai by & ct-'on I c the Act vhio recin tint ith pxsctiof e Ot oelleotivc I actot b th fcllcvi arn other yew * (1) to r r-im-r, "oec?rtaiu reeog ourece of inustrial stritc am at; (2) to ataflit' tItlw V(J( and vo$i o it c ;Wse ( ) t c sycwh "It r?eM a3justawat oa tw"lstrial disputes artis ot &il d cfls a to ags.4hcamaand work '*' con ItiVAns) tt t )npypen ed to tlwttc pu srea? Aparently tvh| pXticvy In a rvsyct vorkcA to Ms cppositc 0of those ifntoed' C rta?nly vork-stee,-: did not bee uss frtrsuent, the azttitudesl of cnt aM labor lrss bittc:r ma wnr tricnfly i-r M thu czp tim is tnt no provision van drt fo vit); th preXblrz tbit would arise a oolleetiv ri itS in i ?ee law m , Ti nga wt | ctewat. Its rureweuts aro satisi 4n the r IR ,- t Ions 1kaR succeeds In joinLzw eICr aM voters In a vcv tc In cof rotively. Was- the asum pt?o a ' ft t he'g wouZd lIvN flai ,piL v erth ; E ' p STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO - w4? - 0 ra A i I i I . r~V3 >taa A a &. th- b Mztvi- |C W! Ct 4 ' - howz, ?01 * ' eonditica. P V r;,w c2 X< poaetQl ani t4na1Ly &tdjuati& nV dl abiLe ttt vital mtters,, tn-ustrlAl strltc stmlac2 i*ct ~2tk- ocUUt!7 &3m it jtur su yw woblvt, A a,,*kr .v| ,t'i ' Ykx5wricdw - the *t ; ati & ucva *v t, flt tCAdea With , vhicb dUplicate,d tfr nMs, tacil of th Th$ Cot liawtln tcrvtei * Botht *wvc inc'ttciv P taxr3 ?Ot| anUcy was thyt cr7tcd b. National tAter'S c&rttc '.Mis blad 1soon P itself d osiowi, i tiic to tatioe, h > tird, t e arw t'td "slate *cf, ot tbrshir" aogc-thr, cczvIit ioras. It the~ reoo aw-*iat ios 1vozrv xwtc accacted by t- tWr Pzrty the-%. G(ave'ta.u :nt took over t L -.r?VOI wdifttvooar elkd up in tzt* atof aKpulo atbit,znV on, JclmLc?a coal & 'etrek.c-rl,t Kd vhii :nth t9` (3-tidd-i-fA 3t a closed shop in thc ptive a min,s9 TM-n r th ; ar a It will be rcalled tiat $ w La o U t srxvmsld3t st st&wt ot u*tro b ' a oomus-ory pwiteh, itt ty v I"t a tid dt. Mil at th tlabr in. i pl&4< t ALz4',; f f;$t Or t 811 ; BgS> of Vo?Ft ;s~' ~trkcor lOcicou-t mada'lz w ?7Wa abor PA .ai-<,tb I lis&4d by t.ezs igit of rwsti of laboir and] tivzt,Ktr, Pb tV&xmtery mrtcd , afttc. t2r the of't colic cttvc b was pronorsed awi accepted a suhi tut ar tfo,r ry m | lation ms&c by tk-ha Rousc, ot Rcpr &iwt,tativEo, aVt ysMX-ty-ulr In itth I STE!INOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO VttN ttrv r &v, S; ng s tits given th ivr 7ha or ]c -T lb asthu vol f.utrly art up,9 tuv :'pc anir tb, lutxW t'vt&4 by d ob trt f aa tVhciu nW &fal 4%tbtK2 4w 0 "ft:an (cuat fl tact ci Ia celLfotiv ir8tit-. o~4i su~~lant collectiv rgain-nr A the, w thoc, cC. Cdf 3Usf t1 labo rotatiosl aLR$ Cit" tr of t. Va Sam0W ompttLiict a n"oc'ssar-r -n3cr war Coemitiora, b0-nt it was not to-resen an not pla . Va drx'# lnti whfl. str .li to siat&1a volt ` Thfc, dlFy Act whit to 1Ucsd this o wlsory prlion, also prvidsd tor a so-called ccclg of priff3 Zor gOVc! zftta uotcA strike votesV for plte to bv tat cv.r the gave wnt, tar prohibit"Ion of str iks in ouh pl , Cc ete reStritions,1 1*zt despite thi Zs la,Itro bco rK a? it S labor strife imoe *d and ine ov rt tracto;i a3 otritVd by the 'srvrrmrnt rvf Wn shut d by strikes Jst lkc private4y Attcr t*i War ecd the gver at wanted to get out ot thc busiac s ?-f dlitatltg tVts Oat labor contracts. An Teoutivl. ()rdrx' authorized, free biniw about C,s'- Prvie no prier- inozeavrIg vould rwsult taisuh actio. But by tht tfr col Iretlyf- had be a lost art, and tbe govc- nt it- et.I .id not w te pat it bad to p in it, As tz rxosult, vn tad the great naticral strikes last yer with lost irk tiw STE NOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 52 ?3ttv? &L. ~eo Wa A vvc ca' - up by gove 7wnt ?aat C b o arvt 6s bt A t t h cX ^nt V: wtE X elfv F iX W a C CfS a rt r r $L .t e.iw " :v ' ? o aa t ?v e is t W r f r d s O f c o c l > stions h avc gotten in t t t W, cUdn't a t, a i at PA am-a mayWo c!l n' kgt, a tnpvvflil n e1 - nn I la or m anIzti t erif w,ln nt ti 2i. labior r t a p t r'eat 4 oorpnrtions, the ineitablei result Is either Industrial *r en a g soal( or collusion ist thc aint Nblic.; an howcvc~ rd vc the e ?nt y b e to dictat ' term s c tn*l .t?!tion of' ep tto both anr$ wo *crs, public neesseity public opinion vill ftor. it to do soo This view it cxprsedin thourrent demas for labor outs,, san]tb drvioeg for outlavizg or restrieting strikes subject labor trcvcroies to leery arbitration of sow Bt this no substantIally et y during the poried Yit 4,a at t helt totknvr,s avv greatet bro otriv-s on record up to t rart. Th lost tme no not very| qz'rtt, but the actual of strikes mm thc greatest On a.- cS WYt1Z individ Iua oeflc0 1 ctive ur all but dew any w!% ttadto oeplcntp w tttfId by gcverwnt fiat. ?rcw ew ite r-c labor wile cn ould not be tainrde tnler this policy5 awd becauwe met eplorn unions have t - L cssoa n , t h Jo i n o p p o siti n t o s b a gi a . 2Cjubli,c eperation with their "nability t- scttif oontrrvicns STENOTYPE REPORTING COMdPANY SAN FRANC!3CC I' - a r .I 11 5 3 y*tY yti > St%vr OOwitric r t yr 2 ?tmt S ur octulm.-wi oabtra t Tht> tis much pop suw pport, al, for tlv., vic.. t; wLt hav42 buln up wiIu1 abr wonopoio vS wo ne.e to ho c J 3 to &tti-wtrust lAWS 63 ptO3ist!L 'bUSJIeSS OOti* tioms 'o-atl oprnton (it arc told) t ootizze to aIot ou rupplyOfooituntfl getthe ? they vet, (t) workers can coutlaw to stop pdtion util the get th | thry Wt The ovuors of an lctrc light c, at Lev to gf` continuu OerV14 YCn t lczg n but U4) crj a o t of such a * to g a vnion, a , afir d te shut 4at service 0do awlp a ;c ty into dalto a fl A? * t3Such action by labor uions a., p: utt4td so the wmet goes, beca&uset., thc non e hve bxeen given a. spceca liceneeww t 0 v?cLatc thlal Labor a- oud be.. brought ~tffthin& a w But wt only labor lmion, w re ogacztion toe are Zep ft;A i-trust o at" ombly Umions ac b ticns to rostrict tition among vorka's, te nit sai Stan . w 3es working conition ti tol rhw iustrc s t.'Itz $iswo to aM cr ito $h In fact, the Government lemds wey to mblation oft f t bho? tem vithhol. thef-ir to until they can gct th- ?prioc theay want, if t vsnv pr ed fav Labor n ioW itt wouV ho STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO -' - tTh>{>tr aA r rioultur- vr-c ft bZ : by' lav Vt d&al with KvPw ;'c$cu t Jus t as thr ati- 1 t law wirc. di t#ud a xxtt thr r v 't ' ( s i s > f s s y j M 2 i c e . t v e a s a t . s p e c i l l i c n s e t&t viclat'! th la4 a to :t n (o-r x) ccuy tv';$Wrbtd c ot Er is to t trrhts ttc-r s'Wt 't b b c a? tf- tW bination -e & >jj th' s days Clo-ecly rr- latc? to tfl at otm?ea n ply in i? at at Iz$Uatry-ittich ta g To- prc&tbit such togln n is omon at ta- ma in dt a zpleyez's a e rwc sslag m c c ngr ess0 Tht P r- V2?ty pta'rosc of imion a tOn ? to St tsc t.$ .A woting conditions so that c tayon flfl rarn tbetr nxwotiti, by ,;Pf Wnt anti nt by tug ]ss for. labor than thci-r con-o ;t?tort h t isi vty wy tidf M micw. ven Uw It gcto stawd iolly cn sprads out strives t s' thi. %wfL@ trs4v or ixdustry. r :o forces have prmssd owr uions tob.ooywa th nationl oti t t ott htrn ar, la ',.trohitiug to l labor cent t on an try bis c n only zwt:*ult in wacz i s ting on tbzo tcrws ftrer each s(:%arZttC omploycrt.r Ths I ts t* at tunl tie , th tnions fly mire thefr wy; v hich ' at ef oun - hat th'. | t'rvma agxrec' u in t& tint plant or two se sts tr s 'txwis t? t 1W, vholra te Stfl B t becausa tnpl 7ctrr ro Zu otcw to - matiozafly tar labor bar lpJ strilkes muttip4y trc STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCIsCo I - i k I Po t t Q f l t C Y # ~ t t ( ' & J X ) 4 K 8 ats thie rcluete lutno I t to- C ar ot aatti-trust lava b littte basis Ini fac-t. A U frC trioes #s td -lr rat* tI tad aswoeiatie for deaLn swil trd rt e bu t nrs ct tbrm a labor wobl fly 8 Or- n tfrna bav fxtrt, I fflC 1tIZ 7 0 IUt&;; Qo n fL I Ct tdth the S & An t0 B t t f at f -e jr 4o yr'sta oc ation t i 7 te,rr ne prosow. d as m o ol2y, it It>2 OC 1W4 itacl f ' d t V Itt labor E MXAVth2 I by l' snot an arti,e of lc. , lak Of cpLyc7rtW| na n-tic' for labor i is, t5 , a d itat t vwcsk lC esS in O r I t ' f ~ 4 t T2C Wc surr e t rr, are 4a m r to the ; zblic iwn j>p sibt<- ntienmw?slc strikce, or collusion sbcW,fl in>t- dutry-vitc o nt5-1o of eztloyra an vorker-s. hc p a cQ pubiio ooantrtl c? ndustria e.latiom s to provide e- ] M 'sXt i t such r t it y arc, to Mr unin= at al A vtfl V rat tonI. tat o nsm aW lin in ustries w hea k :t kH tTn,*-vtdc they vill in natioally. It 8"t fttile to t ' tc-, stop t as to c l 4Yrwloyr to fl trt to local custctrvrs or to prcvnut a tip eorWpntiort tro vl v aO ccxa labor pc&ttc for all -its tein all tr $tatos tubltc opinion ntgnmr ly , 4 Ste its coal; tion of union abuses~, air! r ckV?ss use:- ol' the strikv yeap m. ', still ft tl Um ~t tr2c(tcnn of workers to @o*biwe in labor union for wl.tJ2 ttt U)be, M-nat4e n ontic plitical ititutiom, and with fre private ontx1irprist, T'vcn.1 STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCOI -I ll-?7 L. . - 56 tkw. 4kir, 5wo- r thv. cVr Pmesrt ani on t arc tz2C to tt 3twirbiflzz tar "'tf-Ultrdo & aaec1watie;z A at A aS%tiOfl I das atiAr a? r4QeflttQtiYbc ?t v<> e .trsnsis.l7 i bhe-tter mwoofof thi zpblic tcjeA1 i tnaAct :2wTrLto'v oC fit ftcn Alisin &teatcti It ? bw" Utirsttsto ttobtuftlddoyevutW-, , tre x%l Il cost atriosea t o a tvd Pomn for vo^:r.gto torm an Join , Rr:viva3. ? wa> ?sscdt ULabor monrnts bcon otuaeane tiataonf new seltI gevcs 'd. lowAppwtntly t-boee toc, Ciam Ipolicy f(ilt t dewoa%ay oul4 xwt be built in t bccoumtries wIthout imien a intins lit those tit thrive aer e ate At. It Us to notcd tbt tid policy mt' brat an 'public r- itiom in the Uitc- Zates. Ua?nly the t t labor relations revMw xpnrtcedc s,nw th2 WY s r Act vcd, enS tbe fo4lnrtt -. Cf en,-s to reduc t str ife2 e, law n the Xne P ;aeet ot our peoplVa to tit ,s rse of te policy o,t | tooting plaor's it to ta9 of cofloetive ini I. IV ?hu tor'gotS w taVa, I hat azv tivI p tor controfling labor relations t be prdiatc'd cm conti LtWt or thc oollectivr n ng povlc o.-.Sv, adepte & wi-ti teW r Act. Yet the bleins which havve n thi t y1ublio tc the net! of mrc, govezwrnt control. haev; rvwr. out STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO;C I 5,.7 .1A) l.S r ftwy e,1 wdit,,f tv s tU),MI ns t&t0 tabtlization of wt. S a0 vat it'iam tn tv1, J, t*) J rr?cti the yoltoy w. -mat wt(, rst tw u t Catfli cwft th-, toch l V( UWs.et LtmitM&t ~ SOw nYon' tl trz1 is a & uptiou t- bvsm :nt ti altl pcnr * It it yse a Lw sy to totbid acr tin kir$s o ntrl2krs or sow custory cw?at orintpat tice, a 3 t&v VILL. ruafly sappear,eept for t v?olatlrn Irre aW trc for vhioh toer rcepnsibV ca be *, Tha thrr is thf ortt t4Vht if th, governirt or the public dors control O the results art rtroe lyfaid an in public tntcvroe,St. Tat rolati between n public s Is are o wt pF.Iv ly coatrolird by publlc rtities1, Thvy tllenac taaobrm dJ>th',7 1 iom th | Strikes to e t 4zsi; in *38 caVes fizm b legUislattwu s or s of od tion arc' 7bvitmasly tille , Nevcrtlb Ices, beg ?1 i#oruuL Pti| ut, at sr, an aro ft ual st. bs h t d g coohls in citi,s tt thyt o 1. in ft2Lo, at L&,-A (YCf t 3 ?l# Wt ofOpIot Qr1 thewv school's,t str1kr ree jon tetirslr i o p?aton t tlAt.public, or the yen, law not done r b t tr -S, air tualiy the Strikers ye tri=M4 over the authorltic s STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO I on.t,#,, >XZS,. gt3bSt8> 6~~~~~~~I11wXel nIntc theN political sciontists call thzora, SM striale mentlabor uaLons om w private"" sow-l s*tzO WVhen thoewc ntrr into cofleotive a n zerent's th y> wet np Joint iii dustrial Snr Zte whit itttutionlizc labor Ut! o p! ,tWth codos, tndittoms el nom of tu t t axr the tei tor atsof social ontrol, it etrikes oacur, suu ti ral wvc? ;tis ar t. $I ord!- &W Justio, in b*urtry today ta extent tint tlp gov,amt atone c nool mver eve. J us lt i n t o m t i o n3 . i v b e e n sl o w ly d v el o p i n g e v s t2 -ya t r u oo erhno , ne ats, deoision STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN- FRANrCI;scO I - j- ? I ol i:veccevats, so tWustrial lav be en c3dvelAntout rtnd colV >ettiv@ in citerns pratics; t LrOu& ou n a oe w ats, decisions a prece.dents mde in administerins aaMi Inv| trreting them, Tf we woul vr (efective, publie control0 2I 0Tover-mcnt must build It* program on this pr?vatcp iwustra i aw,, | the wtethods by wvhih it is made and trvelo rtl. >> z-n 'when this necessity is di9sre ed isa we"' tiUustzratcd by thn n)iiStXf Pr over the billion dollar portal-to-portal suits, ThW, bzy te way th toflov t e Law in thl coutots ace to, b'b regarded as greate-r threats to th eco at thc nation than thc strikes that uions carry on. An thAt was beoausc thcs lwat was not based on te Prtiocas ard amston that uniors an ri:- pLoy-rs . built up tig the elves. The., Ratioml Labor Relations Act :, tr'etlj th-, roj t thatt tafr uion org:anixati oad oollectivea1n14?,, antither it I contributed tly to tfr private? induistrial lav rnki through which govt at control is mad,e practical aW! |frcstivc, Its basic prvisions= t theretore be reti, c*Ot Wd poli cr i t he. But the Aot has also devr-lepc sor r aim s which obstruct rather than te enent WtVr tn labor an | ement. It is tolly, th.rctorrF, to bole that no e 5n i are necessary. But it the collective bar policy is tc I achive- its purposace, any amwndwnts r =sthe su gaining, not weaken it. Thc' public interest requira3c-s cojl't. et ive. - bargainIng to be strengthened if it vats to avoet dictation el r b3y gf?mernt or by government otticials. Private, tntcre-sts vaul be Purtbv'rod if t;he oleotivel bargvaiB bWning. policry vP Vaken STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCItrSC i1 I wi~~~~ OYV tlivw6S?o an mi cS 27W(+t-1 hP v tv ]L: 4(# thPa -ito y th bs' o , > ] itg tL a?mJ et5 St t^* Ka,e, flaXj. . if rctWr. unions to ea a lectiv o4, cs. 14t#,?cvrw x0 Cm the u tion b t unons rigist yw r A ttor ba,Svm iaioig pU p * 08r -vh Oh 1-s tfc~?j ~ n h blII mt2OrL fl& ,tempos* only on cAnplyt re. That this aV t& a Var it eattitt$ce on t p rt ? M t a t y feas, ar3bi thrW or4Z aIon to b rr d th A4at docs mt e it an stair labor o- tioc tor a watc*i to disc V c 0oyczv o"r or join 9WAO Vf nsooi*tio * Nrithe r doems It e ro h E 0 tion (.,r~~~~~ - --- 1t 2 9 ('4 2- ISt ~ rrnp oycrs e it doesa y,-1. w rkojx pl,0 Thr,rc, ie m no A-son vWtb Act sb)uld not triet 'tttt labDr ak x r~ trots ma mw t to tb - ofttc at vould sta ; t> tU IniSVg !X'1O-1, ?e r o? SUCh c-q ul tratm cnt,t acmw oor utr Vs dcf lw lab or ni m e o sa;P:'ns W W r oft &Ms ,oler~- c r vt$ccn ter oollVo,,tive basilcpurposes,, As our unia be. grv ina,be3rshp sad 9 @ > orf th:m bsivx--, J>>4~~ L W b e l 2 p o . ' 8 0 n t 8 t b t ? t "1 t w tw -dA te saltV vit mr ; i tairzc Sttr the employ- ThSn tonme to, cf the uions *trox conciliation a amltiL gn-,-zrnwt rrdIfficult., cI-, ollectivc bmine poli cy, atr ver is predioatctd an cq nal gD Trrs't? smnoztmeats i* a re itp uni a. zrzw Of equ atli ViOn0 ThiLs would >bt a step, t would lesson rcw ?bfiitty aad a tinaate. n ^thr than lmstrll av kw g i Omtr Ve in Stoo n e fmlcynrrs te, o ts tc3 tEt@| 1;hr atre tbof the! MW i ST7ENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCIS.c - L - r"4 I w ; 1 t :t b tta 5 3 ?c| xJGAtOTh sy- elitd &tA' " 4c cwrql trm ' fztP2 tfloz| rs t aX tu I wias tt?va0 GP it ec a t-'n tza7 to o"tif thr, Aet, aW should br d an wtfar -tQs nzf. olostly xotatO, problht is tkt Qt l , otr of - tz u | toboyott produets m by wmb r of ath t- tmion vhWh I WeI~fly-1 d- o lee 'd3Sage3t. Tho., toco I) M ac-t--x by &t( p A pncttoo as air fc . tlvhot. Tau iit r ci t* t to, brtt' also, tht a mor-~ irc"Ceisc3f4!go IM t* Aitv. vcmlV' also b b LprtIul. :vt *t$t l d &vSwrit d tw 1W ev arc- r, l of the tr3:o of ar-t ztht vwc it aI!ays b yrrpazqvd to sfopt ln or&cr to stvoengtott-a thoWt 'agin?zig policy oif the, law., 3y thel sex, tIoWtIA wec 'wt b1wv'-~1 vatObt] tO rr eo ate tMt azrc~ o mtautly b oft rot vmfldv Mw tlrV cotrr cffet. ?ro c^3 $tr, thu. >r ar ,@osai for mto of, euApOyvs, muo sa t&t4? r 4V?orfers uwTr* the Act, if th, bwa 44t db casabeurd to s t th etcnt mt of, a corporat4 *r Itz. oft terro s U nt bc all te att for thW- r&s b& aS th7 Mv tP3 somwe fir labor xmo tie:a a&a t:4i | hibit a utalo or its otticvirs to, r'vrqwcent or ban in for t -nqayr e tA;n bC-flly lai amgd tx adjAwtrn t of tiut a n met hrfurthrieed byr such 2&gislatim. ~t tb h ' STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO qp -iW, _:. tia, S -':~0tYt" t. +Th ,f%''; s rr;t vontut'ei, IYhtVtiS g: 1' ~iw wat u&? tz' Qu?t it otf tzguyrL," tgara t xAt7avid 'ta. 2 t4kw A flwr t ! 'trs ab u 1 wl~~~~~ m, ~~~i its ?'41' 4 WPeafAly'be en pxfVtdc4 y he te th. e- in, ubc > =-4 to v PXalties,* Protection a t 4l .tts tztt er. 1a ti ot e t Vtr o I tv -woI&hA y thes0d is>trkVa9Ss:tty gJit total cm0V.:s ttt ceM t3ttiav, medate, ittc othcS: 4}rvet tt .t ,r'e msc c or tic O;tiV inting, viic X slal pasotly &0r ib ThAt thc public interest is ere#I by the vtder ? beca^use it prvdsa aowe a s ta ixtuetriailcc z,I t~~~ tN3 as5--X ?r oxtC mis the Eare o?' 1wsa a t er a;i Vzt? irru tenstzt 3l1 t I tlv King' lb aw 'psrvr xtendd cvt- r a wt. tc t%en to tslant wthepetty rule owl varrIg c?T Lfewit.cttsL tt pr0 vid a wThgt31nstntiv am Jut?dlo '; Cor 5eottit r2cidh^ otroe bainaoOntaRfio Mwith LWO f ootlLectivc. '.ennt ? th~ o-ostituttrli of thW;P govv zuw,Dnt,; aWno the custcw., rdr'te .1hdislons titute tho et o o trial isw Iia a sU s ouch n cxot at i tw plwrtantss a sixgV cploy0 But th l.2 cr th ' S ttt Vs stabV? the vev 2rrat0; thu tnd t?tion, t CQd t4t X\tV 42x STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO tiA 4 V v; R"Vr t~ iAn % t h y7 m t flX .4 ,* A mj 4at W 2. x nala s e t M r CvC A A_f e ;Y, ~,v n .at cirnjnn c nt j $i cte--a rj, Ira cP an w jpr T#s ori.% adjLs6w n-t bo , Tht tn Vtftut Vti1 a.x IV m l ~ m vtr V t= tZT vffsTh gcv Qzw Lr nt r v c n o i t r ' w I t):Sie totic , a al$Rstc ra rt 3tVtiat ftn O x , v at %mTVI trial. Sovo wteat am at th O~a ~ t n w vW ~ m *n m 7nc5yUg tbr.;' prIvate tmtri&L law Into tba publii a lsv (n.- tsr%y wc ti ~ psotior~ in ctfr -r w trica wirpe ctoa bctrm erxats and ie B arc trot te d nt rnt t~United States thbc,fy arv lo -gl oontnoets cxtrcibk in thc uMrta1 The 1 lain9ts about violatisnes of on i O O afl t .ra tL vuc. plain tbat on!co vt ane rrt c q i x4 to~ sdrnia-. tot:t'r juetic. uznv3cr trial I ( t& otW r leawa] tM jnrlic lal prNfccbocs% devecloped w $er uudon 'x m as r tifl In rt $ n to mt,5 T he, Jvvlgns a ,-t,lt in ttr, circ ui t Urvi d staVX t nry itirannt r itt ns, Noth ifl netnt s brtter th t, an o nV isustrial adjudication tMn tho disput, beltvetn Join vis * Sr jcr3tay i ? t!e Interior t on tiw re crnh ct t eoea strike. Th question about which they dif ri, vh, VaS bertl tt I the aewu betw-en the ion sad W, or orLd I A brf orr t & mines v ro r t zwv; to p r it- ryynrj ,i STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPA,NY SAN FRANCISCO MY - ----I t s. t v < mi zs 5 T-t $ c n t W et a r g e t W t b; c w 1 w t L ~~~~~ t h i 5 5 w 4 V C Z Yr Nab o U t S- r $b~ c t < e t btb cre n V t a Xmw ar > Y te?i t &l t rp VIS?L &t?0 ?C=ft 1ICLG } X ) lttt VSP utsc t tai th&> 00c P tbeir we grlatiobpa beth tployc"ct , a r u itt?rgly vic-latlx g me tsa-wttto s ivt' y day. n< >i is f or a Mepckdat J leio tto aply a itn ret tW7 I strial law dekvclc rd w$er the @tic'O t cc fle et!v - t This doese not t tuirr, calabontc stem of labor oeurts stablibA by th. Gove 'ant. Am Actf of 38 w:edtvd h rve vcr, requiriwwcwr~ union contnet to In c'luf a sw cv ?e tJon tast alI grirvRaces arising taor* it all disputcts about itos -aiuc sbUll bV settlVd by axtitnt?cm it thy7 t t atdjuxt I by mutual s Then if thcy NfL a' ac bIt te s&-t uw Wth ir . itrattion system, ttere s0Enl :d V e h'1 anflabl- an tt$ustrial arbitration tr l to thic either ySy n rt7 or envs 3fl rVial and bindin deoistons This '. not c l r arbitration in th- o *crdiflc 02y th tof Itbc- _ It VCutA zw a4 y substitute an eftcotir dtr Judicial sy8tem fr dfeo id? 6 isputcris about oonate art tg ner lar : t nta c?i tl rouar courts which thxortiat1 lly ar al 8, r te deel-c such issues, ?ublie opaiion both x unions ianc : afments favors sucb adjidistion of d6 smtvs aeer a nts. STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN rRRANCISCO _. AM, i I - h I 'n,~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~) -Tt vawlts a6-VP'- tn -0, U> rAkGl<. tb-, fjfcf-*- ;w* Wn, t t 10,4*cj a;~~~~~~~~au im ?t-i a,-at-zrd 1"eti *3- rb^ at m d0 w< -*nw e a s w 8?S t t1t. i t2S.s | -ig%2 *4-r. + v}t'-: >'t *>*t e S.'thi I I pkr. ;a vn o au a !tt fbl, utt Y < i t iY r i & *t w2? 4fl&ft $ a m it c' sb Th m tls r crn ei t ar- M U Irt 3' r -tt tta b l 1*, g rc t at,tw1xrs la labor Acist atrik moat n oult t <"t .te Znlv I~~~~~~~~~~~tU1 t c Xt ? c nw t d i\s r n t , c P t h A 1 : W w tti44 pc ecNfly 2tlorlt, v t Yvta t;t Ia>d OMMO t a' > '71 t $ t 'Y.' & It ct L z N c & t i n t b An9sW t W t r a t s tz . t k eft l a r cr i e a i tt a | 3 nt I n t r n t ir w_ tl l U :t1. ti n l l > t 4 t nc t bz nrth& :Aa aM pro>dureo An'r onultatioa-w Inve aiti tica'O Oraotia t Ie , ntnlu I jugt t kI vclunara &rbitnt$c-ln, But wcbv,- W },t ,Trt ica NI that vWr ace,d similar ma a z sc r b i amf- FestablU)nev] p VcAu1s tC. prrvat iwi*tri&l gOVc avnts tzcrrx brttling dovn vbten t1 e untrncta which sat th&t u r Wm t& V'i , I sens ot, rt Inat an ,d, V. btV, be . n ceatcnt v7ithi h a m rYI at tatrrv tntio b y tlw I .3 (fron oillat"ir I &$rviacr, or by sco &fledx tat-t1 IGa CitVJn Cft' r th: wva arwn o ae be t er t arfr * Actt f-s1,, Aet .ally tht nt do not r-ally terwintel For the seniority, ensioj : tten, trs f,er rules prvided in tW: c.ans,; & STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN rRANCISCC I- -I 't 0t-9<4 <3 di rzZit bctffu! > t7l cUtw &t tftftt4 wo-AS 2t+t1 0; Au t2W t iztoat< 4 , nneMb cY? .ti ttLait V iSt xrA*. Sus;tizr ortfrd> tc tW lat r atcqwx< at 0Z4t?al aW U1I t' to as r?Tn'iwr yt {4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4* spa?tt ycar, nv :jisX sr cotd) awl; ec *z. rt tt ab4wrpls01ry etiat;l bcca4 Z tA, trad'l- >tr tlw tvr rc .on that a pof c wmt* tacv ?? ofli.eotive b t c 4 Mti omp" i- illatt-n a 0 lcE w tatstxtvta t Ar9 ?. Xth ta L drQwk , tt a to urw o-n t ti tNr perlods ac V g*tec tlwndut4o! aotriJ- votPs vtl bcc c; tth Iisirtc s, e not etrikces, ?b' ,.a Szipo t dieati tior vb i XI3f tlw tvw; awl tW i5tk o0V tbu aItV tS t$ ofth g4r of coto ?aio thc ,i of s >tilgt's @ t 4 vento, rwtb t) mobrz it settle-s; for tobc~ strlk%islfZ 1W2 ; ; >tkwtla Bef o?ttlc ttW(; wa wtA >-t sz-ttrct srkntiva la to bc tfln s* be-rft tl, V fpB8 of w4-iaticn Ais epl t A'4 dde 35( STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISC-O V ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Qi) t ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ en ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '0~~ kk WL ?r x t3-ttcrat g tt'B8 aa Oci7-: 'L CnZt 'XP?, Ei Ot OO2ACOttVC 1 !lza' (rmtOiljft l (sft* hra do Zst nec &d k hAt I" togilk-u- hwpT tat, SthQci fily Act, S daen wzs |ti t& Fttt4ksW'0 WP thU 8tiftf&4t*1, tibait m A At a #iation ra3attrr" ba:eli b; iWrsf viti' rc-ezt Tht this z%stquirtt t tW gv- a trullst b ver M0y v'tt An estabV!zhd:Wt wa tten w I % al kX~Pt mcd t'atoors twsIfrtd In th"' w-tIixy4 by tdioh Itrbc ~~~~~~ac arc d@ ox.] It tk C&o nbtrz ttid> 'trt.:e~U S- I&IWI m4 aw btetx . It Is pre pAld to 0 -t its reibfiia In t oth Parttes customarily agwrc to tamn the status quo iatil fll wd--isttoa proacccd h aLve- bot asnVt;cdf, rake- a-In iis in- n duatrll uutou vtich fuds to be tot?4 Into mbioa lv ck,vczr nt r-diatffn t roquirO, thoreter,J t whtl a. d is pu;t~~~~~~~~~~~- tv4n85 wt $-bal t-be orxWtim uolt whiBcb It t.ore't vorkturs or wdans U nt atter1pt t"o trw. a Do tt Vt!tt to doIX | tebq: pro *1on "nO tnet, nt vi" bc c d t a. $=oauicd muv t:m;,* eesnr':y strils Whethor the rdition tion is tIcd by a b or a a trlfatsl ant imerits, ant tecov TI inotoo, tMw; obtt-t satic;n4 duties to pe in etton with ndUtery tt%to91r tLo SC ttTh disputes thy out In strLktkt.; In i,ftI. to RnitCttaqw vhiV l ar Af th & a STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO ,g, <,; KS,,, ?;tAi& T ento te, bf 4'frotiv tvv l rtzrflju: Th Ivv tt?vt; x.qutatr c vt t g Tm r ot ti th uy a3;Lfil Mwt | bt>>p^, ti coli ettZgvc1w m>As to W t > )ated O 41> Ad;t3?V ; be. t&, ruty to exe-rt rt ra ttc;ta w a z-intnt&n aoolrottivv 'labr war.f-,ts-n; to yr(, adeg'zat;- ~mt-~ tolrc i iti S ot pzopoocd 0 W; In S Utt ;g to at WVn- 5ont Oe.a- ?>;fO >l>wepoply tor nosot tatE tW e c's or V, nto; t , r v cttort tox sottie all d isputs, te.ve- tv ir atw In uch ooreaots wen rtaautirwi rprs iv of (t?:IC7l n sal rmAcrrrs; tb duty to rwt ?l u l d t4. tbc &pr to r at . a tow f Aattcra or etwr ass istao, sow, thc abrc ott In taica tsx rnts vi-th (rtpc3fffl, but those rterr to obt tiono to tbC vC ;at X not @w* I pp t thc>,y S f- pw:k00?bite by 1w, War tr rtueatIy tbnt vb;t mtwatto neIrds tci t $be aB.w " t *c3ut mslwtn Jobs ftr mrser -#1tiators unkn rtx>umibflitios like thse: a t by b mcn;t iwrkrr in Ow -etoa itt tkb awt' aocn- ofliatOr ettortas but. 1t ties vili be of l4ttlc &'it in rXorolxg tbea,, VbSt in aOGCt U#V4C4 arc^ ba.-its of Law 1 n rde| in- settling ]AtIKr ca;trOrroita#, t& lvcon bes3t - 8ta-b- 'itsah: by ordrly prowtuars tOvideA by a Erdiato-n tqyauc vity apprpriate w' tbads tot' d at S (im Idlti - Cs STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 7 M c4V Itihr 7wust Iista?zza tRv pdrdd In vtt- I thstr Yb4.V g.tThnn "9 i*tetia v?t12 t5.9 z@trda%r 'tr W y W ~vtt A (:)e k atnd 4 ~afle~i tact-? psed tod intO tU WA?atitn oyo t~";*T-;.y are-; ro(afly a-pf of it, -W tm:7r-w b*oon ua f .ettoet?r they *-be, raia tbry ha v een 'aw tbci-Ar pUoes ti ith wy ster v,- a ",wro dtntiW Va' *P Lu, is c wttul mr'nz xz,*N durwen, an me!. ieLtica fttrorto lawS bee o t vol3am i e3ri-tratia ?t be, seoxrd, But it a boi ra14 t 3 ai r'b]Ash.0L tt al fcto t tttV def"eat th ur :xwu of scour s a eful settb t;?eople vaul dav titt t ent coawluiaon jfl,a tl o, f tlyk iblc: mtOi aconoiw t ht teB a r$atiou verru * Ths t?,wr $7JZZOJ @pXY>O(fltcw,t)4POZV, qre tint te d : ispute ebit 1 arbitntrd, with the deois?on pat in the t of ax ofn - tlol tt Ti' neh dcoiatetwae yoU pil11ciiscd, emski, artl niot- ,m,nttL ale so tint public attention n bente, ote n ttd on tlv-n pressure of public opinion is wbilisct- to o aee oCf the rz$.a providMd tho nrn wbo =de it 'cv 'vefi l:. at,i respctA for theiAz tr a tt Thh,-0e is no as ,, of QOUflt?p t nt ia 1. 3 rLtAi-i C prssuro wvifi wt prevent the salaten ema of a .utt I STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO - II !vroaa,& t", n ,-w awdLd atrItt qzy 4 "ttl die 0,--ut - Tht W 'e Sm, iZhtuStVyaV9;tde sazv" othre 9vn valiwblV eentribnti to mak ?y such ira In t4at3 2.7t.tUtC fora 13 tir ;y.X: at, it toAWrs edJ5wli-" Otf diapUttes aria ma3tof te> xm itt 5-c mwtom =7to iT4Mtc ts ffindustrial judg-vc tc, ta t as i-diatorr in nrgoe tiating nwv or xvviwts .Mtc?atc.Thrzy * the ywo.blc (jf ut1 Civtustry, an bcth toe M i oos aw- idevn in the If tby v Ums4 well -a arbitntora, t ms the- m?jv? ication tWi tiom aXC oftrltfd tc an adjustrwt oed VmrWs I at In th S-.ndustry " a lwfl,, with or vi t a acutnl 1k . at 2the- cib wntzs of a comple rr4tati 4tom within ationiri4e industries, Zrtoad of di a e 1* zst~~~~~~~30 mt10 J *?l; 0&4- e tXs"V5SL{;P Imay of this kIM, Gevvrntpolicy7 woulud sevw imbUec inter. ,et bettr Ift it e a t3m,* it d-eo t twvre, prooes.- orv axg! d istributon O^ o eoz-oyittiele Sow rut: ar emots I| t>Xf~~~~~r . e lth,. sma of t PrCda lfor>w$ ttrotiwstate 'of labor pacso If' industrie-s,~ or SmP of industrieas wvre hrlped to develo their otv iatt1on a| tif"' vith tbr k.i of matlea eonciliatare they vrWA jonti ;@ It ct, hn the Go= ?tats m-diabttntrs vcm zW w to hr- w-in of r-qtal oltbrlr a zpcr? Ther. 1 o UaC .1, the )Y iitbac-itee not th'h top men in tiwc inhUastrial r tu9 4f tiTay v:4r not; both at wn lAbor voult bMv a d ircot inVtrst in seir to it tnt eovcnnent Ylatler air STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO -I i 711 '3 11 CMP3z 1-1te's le r ? ts t, stein, to w,r too be,i w o I TXpto lor ato W at aellci bvcn a Uet b"ga polity work mo n r-ifeotivoly to setg md pu l o i m tInrr zts. Th a(Lens in the pr to the La tvwd Th latE Aet, th.e obli3ator 0dlation-,a the! ad latioz of d isputos,* about IlIV~ :pwtatioiA of an rot, pu aitivc,0 arvi at --,4 on the~ cue-aa! rles deoveloped tb u t heII c olle ctiv e" I otte'r ADS, osticce for regt4atiag isios by law,o not becrausn zhe u uat bc- )wpt tree of all p'wn'a?at regtCLtien, but bccauscve do not about thefr interval attain at present * to devise cttectiv regulat tint will not do mor bonthan * The-; fttith-Ooamally Act providnd4 tbint er strUtk ballet stall bave priati on it the q1w :sticut "Do you virih V authoriz-e this intrn w ien of war ti n T Int is a ftact. T fltMmwi,ti 195 &p *" efltly tint t al n o r?; t 1: fellows whc wanted to strtt aM the x # did not wtant to strike, if the Got a took. a seeret taflot on this ques- tion thle vorze n mostly vote "We." Rut at most of t n. #7IdA was to. vote, 41Yr-s,'s" a s the x's-, of the. isv did not kmKl Vbil at I I l,a va &W ve t | eO talon wpItpV vcrw,-! Teattomptis to out lwclosed sIrp,, without, pmoviding for the xveds tW- rtwt, bavr A ttlVr in the states d a fedeMrval cet is not likW4y to W a bettor. I STENO3TYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCiSrCo I, - - I f et o n . :?str r, a tilc ? - c ta & ~ ' t o ,t i t t i c z a 0 e t o ; o v L V t ur I? t i, g nt t2i^ i t yr ttcsl oa nt a s y !,jR 4 UW 'be vclun A ;to . . ; 3 bt a i trtitsan &tev &ttzatnr2.yA 2t 1,a Sust pec" at at t ? Iu ator. t; r courta s y- boen awktitg o tor vcvyr .ccc1b?: d coide 'roug 0c n vhA h w ' 'Ps or lo cal o clain of vitLatiom of iaon titut or by law, satbttnry t sart ft rahip, aUtoer tl V ticses by un.n off tolals * But vfrthr r a statutc wiLl woxp. a mxv| t th cur dertsfls Mve d c, wv . do nct ' * .tf^l, r r auoh )A?gislattoa >sto be EKlopVt to labor' ?elat?o,ms ve vo uVm i to e aUt, the : I$ at e--nt as vC-f as umto=, Por the! 2 . of autoamtie ionst occur vitbao in thc er4a hV es, as id union oat1 =os.I tmcnt Of & ct n tiocb tvo t o t) o lI p,opi as part ot tWe tint sta . aflitnr ?ly die- a C pepv t h r ar' fav rit*st m al othr thirwa 5ust lilk t thtu wtt h 1 w> C, 'C 3t- so to rc'gpi2 toe Of .) rU l tu reg tr- the oth' r. Both are w spnibV r lbtow Yntn ye^ ra lily oortain at t c ? o c-,ests oPf i paater Issislatten on both wia woa tt ld Ib bctter tcI stw y the sub$v-t a little rr rathe-r ti n to try to,, iWoipt th: IAW.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ It list> thrzetorkt, with * t tbnt t , rwdcfztw mti d t velumt m t outline ye ott;er t& best co c of aetten STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO - I r - 1- .1 rv rrfrsting gove aat ontrol of i trial relation f td on a oofl-aotivc aiVanIng policy.* To those, who tikthat laws iritt teeth in them c ipve relato e I tioscb worW en, this will be tisfatory., The- only am*rwvr 7 am ivc is tint in demoratic ouries, strong lavs psvidixw for 0ox7 sottleruts ad restriction on strikes baVP provd loes effective in slindag pe ast salty in lbor r.: lation,t the, appar 7tly weak voluntary, conciliatory aw'- toc a 4 A. a vi4s 7vngltsu tol me onc' a democratic govcrxwet =at be very, very artu not to expose its onimpotCnaor, *"oLoud -applause . CAURNW WTs2JUNt Dr* Leiserson's ahnle and briflI addrB as will w doubt evoke I hope, a spirited discusion an perhaps a m pointed qestion 1' the floor. frtore opening the session for question from the floor, oertain peron lvaw shsrectd to pc.seat tonal stateuuts on Dra k iscrsora# a r~arr. Isould like to call fist upon the Presi- den;t of thu Oa Clitozai fldin an Construction Trades Coucil,, Mr. * DISCUSSON ?rfl* IaDomld,, Presdlent, Oalifornia Build ag a Oon strution Trades Council, W-C. MOM M: I aa on a ten-miutel t as I hae told tW Caia, if I get enthuastic an go beyond it, to stop wv STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY' SA4N FRANCISCO wor,,pstauld it, orjpniStd labor is on trial in th7 , Uht- vWe-I s o? o LfCl nomia for Wo days, labor., I has bcVicsen 'r in h in acbrde about G miuts i vhi to def nd itself ta t nit t W sersn f lichbrg a Nclson,, in a wi advei's t.!Ased wec-ting, talked in Whoe-ler Bull an their overflow audien- cIZ. Today,, in a nonadvertised meeting,P D%. Leiserson is acoord ed thfe privilege of speaking in a rom that ac ates about 100 pcople. I ke these e rather pointedly becuse they tend, in uq opinion, to confirm the tfear that Labor h M vhen the app priation vas made for the Industrial Division of the University of California, that It vould beome a proemployer mediua, -I hope" tiwe will prove me amo my colleaguac wrong. We are mindful of the tact that for centuries uversitic8 taught the distintio ad the differrnce between moster and ead traind men in the methods neaessary to keep the sevt in his plaec. We rgard it as a heritage of tbe old ancient philosophy of the earth-born ad thc heav enbeern. t Iht Messrs. Riohberg aod NcIson dealt, in my opinion most partisanly with effects in laborti strugles, They folloved closey the national anti-labor pro a pro * Faetious r-f o(-rrnec a made to one man out of tha mill ios vho are mmber or labor. They pillorized John L. Levis8 They said notbing about th(x degradation, the poverty, the misery, the danger, and the disease to which miners, their wivves ad children, bve for generatio been ondemed in America, ST'ENOJTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 75 Te thc tiatnttM9 tc the ususpectsin the audience the Odn "splendid" talko To tose b look to cause rather tban OfftE0t they were joining in the pro a to kcemp Labor t6 a, to take fr it teg Sis it ha mdc. Lewis wa bitterly criticised in the pid prss for e forts in behalf of his mn in the health and e lfaee Pirse who are intoted knw tbnt in southern states laws are not Pnforod to protect the lives of wortig men also | that in the miserable lacks constitutig the groups of tomr |" there is neither tation nor s , t n reds an hud2reds of minors, thr wives a children, ave died of dils- ease because of an exposure tbht we do not tolerate in ailoro It safety sa ry ws re good enough for the pro. greso8lve states, they smut be enforced in the southera states aw wf vwill etlimitetr the necBess1ity of miners or say othe3rs str for safety s anitation to protc ot their lives. The hbtory of ma is a rectal of the struggle of men to on sd ontrol the livea of the ir tellovmcn, When ownership of mam wa p ibited by law, the struggle to control their fellow- men to take fr1o them their belongi s products *ontinued on dow the ages until today. The brutal, the unsrupulous, tbhe tricky, the trea row have ever struggled to exploit their fe'llmmus Tbr0u&Out the ages laws have been p gted by til exploiters to legalize tbeir efforts, to exploit their fellmen. The splendid presenttion of Dr. Leiserson tends to clarity the atmospaiheq at th time of prejudice and misundr.talni STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 76 that has ben inOIte-d during roeent yart by the d P rod or thon vlho exploit their fiollov 1uma bei. Persoal1y, I bcxL1-wv, that we owe a debt of gratltude to Dr. Leiserson for bhi tpacmdid presentation I regret thbat ho is not aooXrded the privilege of publicity and leler Ha1l so that all g h When the aristoor&*y forced Kig Jobn to s tbe (arta*, that artr aonl pwrola tbe rihs or thfe aristocrat thc ten f ree men, It did not Sive f eedom to the servants in rglad, nor to the chattel slaves ovwd by the aris tocrts, Not withstaning tbat, our Declaration of Independence in '76 proc>ls ed that all men are oreted equal, tat tbey are endoved by their Cre&tor vith certain i-ilirnble rights, that awng thee are fir liberty &nd the rarslt of hp&pinss, ad that to securec tbese rigbts governents are btitu+*d t n derivizg their Just pmoe-r rrm the consent of the gverned, th act t srfdom of wite en and chattel slavery of colored man then ez- isted in the Thirt%en Colonies, a thiLt chattel slavery wa orgy abollsed in 1865. During all these precedig yea our Courts 1-mu 7ly uphld chattel slavery and our Liv enforcement off 1 oers cnforced th.E right of the motor. MV I say iu comparison that when the slaves tried to escape and ran a , wen the bloodhounds were turned on their trail, the pro a was that they were "vialous wan dagerous"t Nen, No publication of that period sid that tby vere the viotm of lashin by the kt and the whip, of log hour's, of servitude, STE5NOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN4 FRANl ICISC):! twA c,i l-,fomAd adof a hovel1 in vhio1 to Sleep. U1olW wf< !bIiT to tboav' Oonditions. a t t&; ki; of genErations ago Y'ligbty.-WO yearS ago thWs Vnw*tion Proc]mtion VW PreelAiWd givi batol slav ?foedo& in Amrica, WMt succeeded it? A usytex of peoreg maintain3 d in the southern stat.s and vhih still maintains to a groAt degz'ee evren today, Our progress.-is not as rpid as ve 5he brutal ploitation of men,, vomn ad little children foreed the developwat of trade unionism in America,. Tbat tBe4 u2onlisR We thE) most Potential foree In the adyance.* ment of Amerioa. It vam a potent ftator in moking it possible for the youth of today to pin uWersity education. We clearly see the great injustices of ysterday, but our vision is olouded v1en Ve reogad labor' problem of today. The beritage of the ages seem to be the rijlt of everyone to sit In Judgwent upon vorking mUs a ed n ad to poclaix our Jugzit of vbat should an should not be done to our fellow himan be because they arc vorking mon andwoen, believe t ninety-ufive per oent of the oitises of th-I United 8tates have not rad th-; Charter of' the United Nations vlicah was ratified by our Gover met and fifty-tour other na- tions, That (birter, in effeet, dclares thLt vars are traeablef to and the result of the povety an degradation of tbe msses in each nation. That Charter deelared that "With a view of oreating codition of stability and vellbeinvhic are neess for STENOTYPE REPORTING COIMPANY SAN4 FRANCISCO I I I I I peaet:i ant triondly rc>atio samag nations, bod upaon resct tcr the. ' prunoinele of (q nl righte aned ett-detettIon of pt&nlc,9 It nthdV. Nations sall po mote a a'r stan wdof ltvtine fl op s amd coritioxw off cono e and social tO-Xv eps air deve lopmot-t v wish that declaration vere tout in cvaer school and university in Amri$ca, It r, ars that bve cursed u truw cjut the agcss, are the result 0at degradation am! poverty, my it net b' veil to PSuse ad elder, the eff orts that arc be ;in 4Arica to break down the standards that labor h built up for the Ameri people " well " for itself. for y the Americn Federation of labor has advo- atvfl trfe oollective bsr%inwig, voluntary conciliation and ar- bttration, The Amriea Federation of Labor Unions, which year after year have rnwed their agreennts with eplyoers, hbave not found it necessary to resort to atbitration, notvitbmtanding that most of their agreemets ontAin a stipulation for arbitrstion,, because their negotations with their employers throughout the years have been oonducted upon a fair a frie3ndly nis) f n ego- tiatiox,w Pr. Libserjon' is findings contla the wisdom, practic- ability ar justice of voluntary agreemnts,, conciliation ar arb-itration. It is to be hoped that,$ ntwithtanding the; ftnfir anti-labor agtation, Cg ate L slature vii See the vwisdo of such procedue,| We tI gt our Goverena other Gavoi ts a induwl try use both the first and seondary boycotts0 We bc tive that STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 79 thz-:rr-~ OS gk,r: to th? r$. ts c. f rc;c wn In the restrictive pnnposal vith regord to thi rigbt of the toile*rs to use botth prvi mary and seoondary boycotts. Wc belImv- in fe -ntczp i#e. WNe | be&Liev$ mores in the t1 ot toree, n. We re vith appme* h ons?ou the 2 poysale that are beingma d to rnstrict an abrogatie thv p0escnt oonstitutional rights of free Aralem toil'- e ro We believe t therse proposals conto.m very, very closely to r'n:striotionis that are imposed upon vorkmen uder the domina- tion of Cunstic gOSeV enbteS. Wc trust that su*h Cotmm.t?c restrictions vill not be imoosed upon tree American workmen, T thank yout Lo Lud S lauRO 0 DR. a Thank yow, Mr, 4cDI My forecat that ve voul4 bave spiritecd discusesion as not fa4lcaed for the first spoakert rLVhe saood peron to discuss the per is an attorney tor UnltV tPloyers of O a"-la stive- attorne-y in the, inustrial r(1.tion fO ie:l d | I4r. Paul J , St. Sre, 1 T J.o PAVL S?C URe Attorny-atL*Ltv Oakla nd, CaliforniA MR S. SR: Aftfer baving heard Pr-auk Maozald' s speech, I am sorry that I missed the preedig portion of thi svession, I should like to be able to bear tho ret of them. ,Ad not realize that t3wre as an uerlyin otrove-ry or an apparently &ROwi one a be-tween the interests of In le.t STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCOJ &W labor in thi ticular Confference. Certainly I find myse24 Q D e Leise3xoson* s vieva repre8ent the vievW off labor, In the position or betraying my own kind because I find myself in rathea celf:te agreement with th htIs that he bas discussed this ioralBg, I do not take that to be any oonpliment to Dr. Leiser- son; rather, I takge it to bh a compliment to mysef at I cn g along with ther experionce of a of the background that he, has awl thrc practical knoledgge of the workings of governmnt in the ricld of labor relations@, agre, particularly witht Dr1, eiserson's views about industr7 w1d barga n and about the desirability of employer orOnisa- tions being strengthened, inprovd Dr,, Leiserson's 8t a that employera generally oen to be opposed to that theory, Per- kAps our eperience here on the Pacific Coast has been somwhat di.ffe( rent to that of the rest of the country, We do have larger ar-ae; we do bave larger labor mrket aeas; we have a wider reac for the products that vt process; and we have come to find hero, in not only narrow ustrial gro but cvon in diverse groups, tkat there is vwidom and, VE thlink co io value in discarding tu theory that labor is a competitive coamedity, We bave come to be lieve that as oompetitors we an el-iminato that particular factor of competition a try to deal,, an usually stccoseaully dTha with strong labor unions upon the basis off strong ustrial mc: prescQntation on the employerst 9ideev tome of us bhave been quite concerned aboux theS proposals beffor thc Congrss to outlaw that kind of en ining-concerned about ii STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY S.NXN FRANCISCO becausc. s of' us f eel, as you do, Doctor, that that typ of ri;azonirnj io based upon lack of experience en1 lack of' ledge. AMd 1 think upon thhe general subject upon vhich you have touched, thc nunitive awd restrictive typo of labor legislation, sow> of vhihl is before Congressional ooittees today, of' us on the Coast have the view that it vill not furnish the ansver; that it will peirhapts icrease the difficulties of colleOtivre bar g ins a free u7ateoa, And oertainly in that ticula I can not dis agree with your conclusions. I particularly go along vith the idea that we certainly should have more experience before we try to, as ve would like to say in this country, "pass a law on the subject." With regard generlly to the voluntary place of government U the field of labor relations, certainly I would ae that the mediation processes ought to be strengthened. One difficulty to- day, I think, is that the. ediation system as we have it act up has beoome too frequently just one step to get behind us, like the3 30-day nOtice uer the th-Connilly Act, like the attempts at mediation before War VLbor Bord disputes, of certain proced- urre that you mst got throuh therefore you say, iCall in a Conciliator." Indeed, I have had labor union representativee tell me, that their Intemational an other union requirements con pel them to oall in the Conciliation Service, and then i cate. that "Of course you kno it doesn't mean lumch We have discussed the issues, But we have got to get behind us that ticular pro cedure before we actually have a strike vote taken or before we STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANrCISCO 32 bav'c strike, ationo" I T think that that is ng. I t tbat ther.+ should be a definite stren e of the mdiation process am] the strength-. cug of thex Personnel of the medit ion ervio-7, to arve it Crro pressures whioh exist today or seem to exist in order to dri e te a reUslt, to get at a series of meet rather than ove semr oI' the n mental differenees., How that can be accoplished ILam not sure, but I do believe tIAt the type of suggestion which is wde, that duwing a period of mediation the re is going to be a status quo msaintained the sort of experhnce t we had during the far isabor P3oard period, would be desirable if coupled with it be a true mediation-conoili- atIJon pM,oeoss, Just hbo you can accooplish tbh requiremnt of "status quo",| I think we might have som difficulty with, because if we lay aside these mtters of campulsion punitive regulations, one wonders Just wbat would be the result of a bare requfrement that the parties sbould man the status quo. With regard to the entire field of arbitration (I speak per- sonally, I suppose beeause I wmaskged to coant pe-ronally upon this address of this moimig), I am one of those w1o has long gone along with the view that compulsory arbitration vas an ude- sirablei thing, both from tO point of viev of nagement and of Labor, but I find myself somewht weakening In mW opinions on tha subject. I find it difficult to contiumally agree with the origa. im l cm viction that I bad t these things about which V- ST ENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FrRANCISCO 83 Duax.46.-a I manytc in labor oontracts, are o sacros t Vka,t at least the factual portions, the deter tion of whe may bfe reasonably right d wbo my be reasonsbly vrong, oan not b> bt1ed in somet fair tribual., After all, we do bave sufficient onfider e in our Courts in this demoratic system to allov thom tU. Judge, our liberties, our lives, our dciensti relationshis j to deteminei the custody of our chlldren,, to dispose oft our property and yet somehow we shy avay completely from the thought that we should apply to any system of judicial determination or a settle mc-int of part of labor disputes by compul3ion. After all, too tue legal processes in this country are compulsory .Any citizen my hal? aotbhr citisen into oourt to answer toa parmticar hbarge or to adjudicate a prticular issue. As I say, : bave not any terminal conviction on the subject, bt I find y origil thinki-g shaken by considerations of a oc parison of the thigs that we are prepared to submit to the jud i- cial process adtheb tngs th e are apparetly umrill1ng to plac.r in the setype of patterns these things which Mvc to do with trial relations, . do bhave the view that, &a Dr. Leiserson suggests, it vouldi bn very helpful if we had labor courts at least for the pwpuosee dete, Im ngthese questions of contract interpretatiomn I think those labor courts vould have the real valuc of bringing togethc this itinerant circuit-riding type of precedence we axre establis ing, It certainly would have a tendency to avoid disputes about ostablishing procedures and custom and practices to vhich other STENNOT-YPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO could look for the p i; of ma_ up their minds as to the right or wrong of a particular dispute, But I wonder whether tha swm2 formula could not to some degree be carried further into the eetablishmont of a tribunal, not on the fact-.find theory alone but upon the theory of dete ni ertain factual disputes, at least declaxe a rule of the situation hih m ;t be a guide for dotermination of fia settlements4, I do not visualize , of course, that ve can by such a proec-, as compel people to work or oompel employers to mintaizz their es- tablishments, But at least it might be helpful to allov th. people who are sometimes in the middle, the co mty to kmow who is ritht or vrong from the point of vierw of what should bo donew Som ears ago I bd n eperience in W&ahington where one| of the secretaries of the late President Rooserelt told m- that he was greatly ed about certain controversial matters then before the Congress. He said, "O all people I think that I should be in a position to mke up my i I am very close to a mn for whom I have great respect When I hear his oplnion that this or that should be done, I am inslined to believe it. Then I p'tik up the press or I hear the debates in Congress or I hear the opposition party$s cla a cmtenttions, and I frin elf a little bit en in my original Judgpent, because vhatever my B3os said was vwhte they say is black." A he said, I onder vwat the poor people over the country areV t Ea about these controversies, I wonder hov the.y can possibly mke up their STENOTYPE REPO1RTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCOJ - I I I I 0 II4 0 35 m1ds ae toQ the rit or wrong." H e sald, " I sish there were soMP tribunal in tis count, som group of men,, suftiieutly free from pressure,, sone group of men sufficiently respectedA, the they might periodically anlyse issues amd make a decl tion which would not be compelg san forced upon them except upon tit result that it would have throug public opion, some group thba could say, #Thia we believo to be right amd this we beliCvc to bc false and this ve believe to be real' ," Of course he. was being pilosopi1 Perhaps I am being philosopial, too, when I suggest that in some foruw of some kind we ought to be able to find a for determning sao of these matters which are so controversial; some forum whbih could have a oomisteny,, if you ple"e, a policy, ad which could on so long as it had the eonfidence of the public help labor and 8 ement deterne these issues which bring about such lo0s88. And I would have it apply equally. The question of whether or nu vc would regulate unions and not business has never appealed to m I th that we need not more lavw to try to control either but,, per'haps, less laws and an equslisation of theb application of the lawa striight across the boardI Thank youI ,L t ovud applause CI MONTyou,J t y fr St Sure. The third person to discuss the paer or nake some eoonmnts thereon will be Mr. Louis Goldblatt, Secretary-Treasurer of th8 International Longshoremen's and WareboeUsmen'ts Union. [... STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SA;N FRANCISCO - c I., t 1? I ? i 01 0 LOUS GO Searetay-?rea4msuier, Interna tional Lo ehrinet* w -r houlunts ( RL. GOLD TAT L'. ObairMn, ladies az gentlemen, :I avI some Prepered notes which I bad intend- to use in discuss- ins Dr>, 'Ziesersonts addrzss, but I have smouc of the same foelXq that Frank Hoconald had about this entire session aW I thought that thee notes vould not do much good, because tbere vCf' so ffaurvc- balls " pitohed t ni that our entire staff, whbIc ia now sng all over th campu, ha not cauh cena of thebm; and I am terribly tearful that swering one or two of the oalu es or rds asinst organised labor does not do an wPul lot of good, partioularly when sow people, unfortumtely, adi the pre ss perticularly, always assume that itf -u have not sa& an awful lot of noise about so htabor,, thcrfore you have ageed with the accusations I mtortutcly not ony feel these app3hensiona about z prepared z rcrrk tbe addresses sade lat night, but I have th? additional disadvantege of try to talk against the eous- tomd eating habits of the Aierican people, I thought that Dr. L: iserson's addrass this moraing vas Ien- eat, an attempt to do a fair appisal of lor elatiomn in thAs countr7, and particularly the role of goverment. There are a nuaber of "apects of his speech vh,re I can not f ind &greEomt, bad in particular I am concerned about the general tendency of STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANC:ISCo - I 1- *? N., -4%,;? . Gold-blatt. b i 3th address, plus thoes addresses of the Txpeo1p last t| u cut ot7hen who vill ant likely speak on this program, to assum tIa therI s a tlatbor" prboblmvben tae fact oa the rsttc-3r is thsw this country 5s faaed with the worst,, most dable eployer proxblecm ta't it has ever had in its whol- bistory, That is the problem fae.o1t.ng this country it is a mity serious one0 ?or lemc, as Dr. Lciserson said, thc-r ought to be a law Vhich ls union to barpia. I suppose that not mo much on way or the other, But it is abt as meaningless as a law stating t it is a good thing for a person to have tlwoc squarc Is a day if you vwnt to be healtlr It does nt mean a ting. Ninety-nine per cent of the- battles are the result of re- fusal of employers to barpin. And to even rise the Issue, that there ought to be a lw which pea pla ua on t-o gi Sives a certain aount of substance, a Ocrtain amount of tenability, to the whole vielous, lyi iga so which the press and the emloyers# have orgnised their program with tbh deliberate obJeco. tiw of creating these fiction of "labor manopolies", "1irrespon., sibility of labor", "labor refuses to pin", "abor dictator- shp", "laboDr anarcy". That is part or the entire smoke sareen, without which the big business interests In this country can not succood in their plans of smashing labor a drivg dm thce liv stadards of the workers, They have got to have these | a; they have got to have tbese thg I can well uerstnd wy Dr. Leiscrson may suggest that t inclusion of' such a regulation can not do any barm, Perhaps it I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 03 -rlSL P3td' 4Y Bo of tfrsc peoplc wb are soara( tg r the a" mui ofP laboro iridomt blamc you,G I thn t thney are :erotly good intentions on yor part, You know mighty vwll. Dr. Lc serson, as dorem anybody cl4e he wbo bs ha one iota of *olleetive bargaiIng >Xpexricnor,, that union always want to %aSin oclIcVotivcly, so le GMthink, may bJ wl-7 ve will throv thom & bone. bat,9 in my opinion, *an b? a serious 'rror beoaua of this torrifte menaoc not only to organised labor but to th, npeople as mvole in this present ati-labor driv- 'his anti-labor drive ha a very real purpos C 1. Drivoe dov the standard of living of the verlonrB lCYer than what it is today--an it is low enou&b b rAn vestige of fVeedom of speech, expression or a tion not only on the part of lbor but of peoplI at large. 3, To divert attention from tbe monopoly practioec of big business vhieh have lntenastied multitold both during the war after the war, an 4, To divert attention from the predatory iiT o| American moopoly in other prt of the world, Tboisc thinsad those pl of the m ers requirr a, scapeoat, and the Jand others whbo baiw oranised the nia dctdrwined upon labor " the scapegoat, I thinc Mr. St, Sure is completely sincecre in his rf.mrkw about agreemnt with Dr. buierson, bt the pheomenal and |r- velous nd beautiful thg to behold abouv the, plorer8 tl r STENO3TYPE REPORTING COM11PANY SAN FRANCIS=- 89 out tfhCt a, eOuftry is tMt the left h&M ner novoth vhat the r t haea- doeth,. You ca bardly find a ai l employer vho says |bhe agrxe vith these i agast orpnS lbor. ?1 thom dovnt I bave. There are others borc- Go1'ger Babrs will tell you he does not agree with every that is belng done at Washinn tn* hekads the Sn Prmiisce TR loyers Council, Dir. | . urse will toll 3ou t44t he, does not am vith ot 4rythiM tht is being doeS at Wabhington. lie bee3 the Oakland Ruployers Counilo Got a single emuployer ad Kh will te11 you the same hizl I l7nov lr. Heyneumn vill tell you the ss- thlng. hw does It happen that the X4N in sueeessfully putting acoss this progrm to assasisate labor? I kwnw that there is a pilosopaeal theory that the whole, is greater than the sum of its parts. I never thought it applied to, omployer or tionas. And nover do you hnar these seelf oeA oemployers talk down about thbosc schems of the NA!,* their friends in CongrJe, the Republia ?arty and their assistants in the Admiistration, and 1wat they a o do agint organized labor. It is impossible, I say, ad that is the re"on I have to gW1v(- up these notes to try to recover all thase cur blsf tbht are bein pitched at organized labor, Lot m give you on e Op's. Donld Nelson t nght ok: with great feeli about the jurisdictional striLkes. Donad NElson represents a group of notion picture employers, I know a little bit about that ind"utry. I worked in it on and off durins thr time I was going to scbool, and oW family h orked in the STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCC - p -. rft t#ustr- 4umot. 19159 rW dad Particularlyo krt r that in 933 the lATS? lost a strike. k now t aa cr i o? 1933. aMl thez early paXrt of 1934 a.n atte t v made t , a ix$eper$ent industrial tmirn in Hcli vott that teCjMaae I ts1gr up Wd I tried to gt othrt, popit to sign u p I okls ew th4AVs tint Just about the tim ot 1500 3Koplc stned up Willi1e 33ioff and sUddenly gt a backdoor a - wrent vith Joe Scheuck ar the employers, sad dVhO didntt liko theon no booted out And it was a closed btop ceent. hA the jurisdictional strikes provoked in Itol dare provokk entirely by the employers. era le thing that has happened in thec Hollywood labor situation has boveen dictated by the employ' c*r& uAM vten in 1939 the workers tried to brak away frm tiv n1 -rule of Met?r ad 1, thea movie moguls g4vce those mob stersr thn fret run of th e tWu ios. A l,o incidentally,, I lonit bl the A.P, of t, for people like hoff sa or I dontt blame them at l. Those were tn oted on t?x vorkert| bv the employers. That finally inet out in the courts and the bribery by Joe Schenek aw the re-st of the movie moguls cam out | in the courts in the fort of ime tax evasion, But rovery 5singl bit of that jurisdictional dispute s Provoked y th, employers, aWl in 1939 when the workers tried to break away from these c u o dominated by t ars set up an lMc-| pralont union called the Thited Studio Tcecbnicians Guild, M1el?| &W Browne and his mobste bad the tfree rn o-f flllyvodi tin those z studios, AM wou yvho didn't like It got a kick in the. STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 91 X bLcsS in the1 teeth, paid for by ther cmplc.lrr,Q I, alt N iscin weeps about Juriodittional strikes a T hanpen to 1 me about asttatis of tint sort, Juridi io t1exn1 strikeso, ty-1nine per cent of the tsare. provokr-d d't l!*<7Ltely by emloyrer t;o sashb unons, A t isa the, 6 itu- a-tinn in Hollywood today where they axe using onr orrsation, vhic T from am own ezperieno t rs i tW A4P. of L are mig ity unhap~ about. That ts the vestig i of t cBr A, Blot? m"ahie headed by Ercirster Mad others down there, using the velstie of tat machine to sash demoratic A.P. of L. unions in the 1ollywood studios* And the employer is responsible for every bit of It. That is just onte P Xee. But if we Yore allowed the tme | as tr eplr ave been afloved the time in this se-oallc' Industrial rJe@Lations tor ut; if ve had beoen alvlow d s yt li - the time, we could doument point by Point thesa c, t | labor ad ohallenge at person wbo appe h bre to set up tial com ttees to go bc study the re-ords facts. And. if a single statement tbnt we eke is proven a lie, we will rc*- sg frm unIon offtce. That is the sort of challenge we arc willing to put before these peddlers of hate again t the labor movement, But the time has wot boon allcwd, Thi is on forum. Af! 2 say,| wittingly or unwittingly, this forum ha become a rt o>f thcL whole national hysterical drive in an attempt to *coop up the Amoericn p opV in a wave of hate agaimnt labor unions A.nd the STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCC I th Uirz. I8 that m opl, arc be gvictim of it 5noe z tns ttg y. pe,aker who is wupposc;d to oclos- th4a Oonftc fn, | ~h e-isUe irepreentativo of~ labor In taw, Cabinet cot1 Unite- (Pur Union lappens tc) havo had s t deal of erie no vith n'ja&, the wet iiious amv effectie weapone of' the cTmp s lama,t oganied labor,, ad that 18 hat wo call. "ed-baiting| At one tiw they used* to call thrlm "amarohis,t, ther t ic; t, ustd to call tzhcm soclalsts'l . I an sure that th had a e ] for it in the timw of ?hawoh a in th4e time of Ca-esa-1labels they tried to attach to People in a attempt to br tbir union, Now they use the word "IC O_t ('.!ur o r-O" ion huis bad plonty ot experienoe with this red baiting. They ded and pereouted the President of ouw o |a nization for twelve solid, mtints years, Por twelv:,:' year they aoded, red -bitdad persecuted Barry 3Bri4ges, A -r |ven atter the utter was disposed of in the Suprome Court of thne Uni ted States, that nevor stopped for ow nt. Wby? B7ccause be v" fBrry Bridges? t If he was ther longsbo o aemn pitch- ing oases on the waterront, uld ty bother with him? Cf course noti There was only one sole solitary pu ,,,: to AhA destro ttw figbti strength of ourw 3 r ,LiSatio) an orgaisation that ha not done too mffo good for its m berhpO v will admit it right here Sad Mr. Perhaps it has donc a l.ot oomparison with what other oaions mit bave done, but it is still vrery little because thy do not have th seouity, the STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPA NY SAN FRANCISCO guaran3t; :t:ug ef &9 U vY e :l d timi prs p ccts C crt2 a t u t u r, a M th c4' tanwuincss te vitt'h all vorker a th y want tj [ 'e''tt3 even that sta ll odic of p otection vthicL the otkcr r PzthzTA to 1avrN thewl y m de their t r ? Tkridgee. JTe dg iexatly irbat thwy a i mind.?he M11 put it so simply 1 should be able to unerstan it. Thy said that beNcaus't oQ htigh- er price thrte vould in all likelihood be a vav'% of str4les. 1?iYb NAM, trough tits crystal bell, predicted that prices vere going to drop after OPA wa destroyedr, but those t asve not happened, Then their second prenise is, Qomnist are in favor of strikes ! a NRa, the syllogism Is complete, Therefore a striker is a C( t! Ard that s the ans pro a, hoping to aco maplish th de>structixm of labor union, a frightening of t ise vorking people throug this antin-red teria, when every persrn kowvs that there is no question of Oowmtism, Socialism, Anarim, Vodooism or any other kind of an ism in this country Just as long as the economic system under which we live provides reoplV with a iln of essentials of decency, of food, clothing sheltr and a little bit of a break in getting sow of thu aum- sMu- of life. And if the eonomic systrt tls to dt) that, Person is entitled to ais or her opinion as to what es ought to.) be e , But they kw full ve11 the economic system heore is not going to do Just that, but that all the, t pont te another croa and they hope that now they will sta ut ceut seat of discontent, every voice of honrety an deency, r voic< et STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO I- -I - r I I re - i' t thc economic bard shipu tbhat t; i t xno po its t', ta-7of' L.abor maes the iniquitous p"rooaTS tbat nc MG | tWrut rnitiawi th C2 t Party, when that t- nmthig "but the sae ttern of red-baiting designed to estroy Labor uimio, it the e@oiet&7l's pr * plus sow1 of the bills proposed in Cow- grmka for the discharge of so-called "subvrrsfrc(as detenined the enployers,3 of course) and bills to. detc rmtmc to can art wbo can not be an official of a labor Onio ins r effective 12t Vill tell you right n that about eighty per cent of our Union Is subfjet to dischargea all 'of the offioials are noaet cIiSib]p to held office. Because in the $flflSe that we have said an mA again that we ane (,pposed to red-tabting, we insist that thore b goverment pl for protection of individual workers we d not b- lieve in th e unbridled tree enterprise tl& domntes at oX presses the peopl-; that we do believe in the fredom of 11l pe"oples everywhere in their right to s#eit-detorne their own derstinles and gcveun And on every one of those counts we arc as guilty " sin,O ad all tint the Secretar of Labor ha do i.s to Join the pck. Re lost his head Joined the pack., That its esy to do, We are simerely hopeful that the big majority of people wil nt lose, their beads, vil not join the pakek, will realize, that the big poblem in this country is an em- ploer' problem. And unless labor untes; unless the people all over tscountry who ar inteested in progress anY democscy decenay uite with orp.nised labor, these monopoly p o capr ip ) STENOTYP-E REPORTING COMPANY SANS FRANCISCO 95 II b tMsa-str to this antire nationt C-RhY-U& W IT gTak you, Mr. GoldbiattI w-i sorry to havr t3 shut off utwthr ditscusion,, but an I1 Goldbiatt said, xIopic seen to int urpon eating., I should l3ikc to e one or two announements0 irit, nys simply in explanation say that Dr. Kerr 1 the Yacultt Advisory Coo ttoo wul Uke very much to bave hw& this wvk t1 &a the meetig tIS4* atte zzn Li Wheeler Atitorium to have advertised it videly. It vat not p)ssible becausr of' the fact that ye have 22,000 students on thi an] som of oF scs run into 900 and 1,000,j eaxn W eelar Auditori is e ou pied both thi morng an tt byr classes r tat lage, Some day, perhaps, we shall law adequate building to take care of the classes a t the sawe time tf ce of a iarg oonferene in the daytime. The meetie g t 4hs evenibgMs be n c ange-d tro Wheelc sr AJhli- toriuma to the Men' sn babecause of the tact that SOme 20 or 300 people wrtr unable to get either to Wheeler Auditoriw or Room U3. so the meeti this evening will be in the tMen's G For eating places it is rather difficult about the C Dr . irr Ms arrange, d for eati fcliti at e 2ann IIt.4 for zppV( who are att eding the Conference here. The , 71 3Dur- ant BHtel is on Dfurnt Street Just east of Telegraph. C it You will go t g ather Gate, Telte Avenue to, Dannt Avenue STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO turn jSt t tte3 Durant Notel, tbose ,o you v1o tX'CL to 4a-t f"f* The mae,&t1 vi11 be rxeoessd unti1 2 $XO of olooek a, at i2*15 P.M., a rcs vs taken untfl 2*00 PFN of tho sawn ty. STENOTYPE REPORTING CO3MPANY SAN FRANCISCO SK3 97 at1 tilt? of tkh- RIJAL C7ATIONR$ r i 3CCD nly ')N Sr $IOi4 The Thurday atternon session of tlw First AI * trial Rrlations Conference of the Institute of Industrial R:laaO tias amd University rxtenion, Berkeley , Uvt.rsity of CalifOnis, convOned in Room 113, Agriculture Ball, at 2:00 p *. Dv, Barry R. Wflan, Chainim Facuty Advisory Committee, U*t- versity of California, pr-siding RALO WMILIAN: We b lve a full aternoon, so I think we should get started on time, Thr, first topic for discussion this afternoon is Collective B"Z& Ing am "eoonomic Progress, qThe speatr-r is ezoePtiomally vell I=min 1Abor-wVSe-wnt ciroVs3. Io servcil his country ve11. In 1938 he was a -I by3r of President oosevle1tts Commission on Industrial Relations in Great Britain and Sweden; from 14U to 1942 he was tir o th. tfational Def=ens Mediation Board; lfrom 942 to 1944 he | was 0O* of the, Ntional War labor Board; thou in 1945 he appointed Director of roenomic Stabilinationo At the present t hl i b 01r1. of the Labor Gomittee of the TvtntIetf Centry und, 1 wam pleased to present Mr. William R, Dtvis, STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCo 9 - ~~~~~~W oo num ac R O R PS $I W flli Rn DMvis, Glirml. Labor Committee of Twentieth Century PuM; tormtly ab a, irationfl 'War Labor oard Director o,,f rcvonomxo atabnlinzat-n, ?5. DAVISS itt, Chat * ladies aa gentlemen. ' have be(n aske.i to spe on the subject ot ColVot*ive a conom i suppOSe that the wst important question in A ioa tcway, and possibly a lasly important question for the world today,, is,i Hoi wc vi establish natan or Wprtaps 21 shoae say mrE ty maint-ain at the s&t that hg lvel of iWustrial ptod tien which represetas a substeattalW full use of our p.r resoures? How cm we achieve ant a division of th tro- duets which will keep the mainer ry at a glevel a elSintint, or at leat geatly sdente, te- boom and buaf cyol which we bave enjoyed for ms1 yeavy? AM I thnk that collectiw. ginig is very closely related to that bai 6c question, I have noticed with regret in the last year (I have b' .n | the sidelines completely so I culd take time to notice &al alsc have them opportuaity to regret) tnt tuhe ration discussion oft these problem whiah 1k*-a before us been screned alrot cor- pletely by an latmn, am! every time I have spoken a hr tkv| lat yearthe quelstion ha been, t%ell, what arc we getng te &ic about strikes?" I do not want tf minimie that question, an1 thtink thc STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCC 24tut_ti . !r >94~ slu2A not t>be vnitd. '7 gy'pE 10Z7 1. Thr?; < >fi.& )our concric, 1fea of us haM low. 'a tonrt fP f t try a ,A up, V thc7 m ..o prttyw- 7 mad' slu thxcy eL net te y an 2 do not thizt tlvre is unfon vAy y#seS$s $stt^i84k ?1 \ . asa i ts or very d?-sr tfrien Mr .Wisronthis5 ar$ming tS4 the d no iz rrity bIn. But they lwrv asorc?enod tbt diocassion, 4thik VCe sy t1v.E.t Lat niOht. And so T felt that eouvld contri- bute mt today by wt startizw with a discussion of, What are vc going to do about these strikes? but to try rly to tLay bfore us the basi r,-50ouroes which ve bave her: in America for sa I- | gOVP2arfl.oat awl the-n coe bhik at thE? end to, What are. we going to do about strikes? because I think the time has com In America vbcn we mut drag out our capacity for sanltgowdrnt ad look it over an se- what it is good for, t bar been in wre than one crisis since 1789 and bav bad occsion to haul out this capacity, an it serve-d us prt-Aty well. It got us tbroug te war,, I have somtimes said Lately that you would think we lost th var. But vo did not. We won it, And on thfe whol(>, I will say we von it in spit of te War labor nit Phit's some-thI? But I i e ought to look it OveP,. Thl War Labor Board lad its troubles, but we got along. I will bave to admit that the darnd thing bIaslrd in 1940 but ve g30t through that, too, And now v com to th-e t hovever, Wu=n wr, a- bedeviled , by this queztion, in. a voioe of alam awo by tol.oo micth excitemnt on both sidts, cspoit&Lly at that eztzvtti STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISrCO Ar '. I 't iA $ ' ottv r day, >.I v' for a ocupt- o f %r ara t? cxtre -a izu! ent ? $i': ; b rtt;i t s (id es t ;ou1d ;hi-r th e elv c s a a il t tig ' t; o u t b. tweon themselves and ot in the paths of the A-rica pPoeoep whe want we ry, rzy nuoh to go ahead, And t t a mqr 0 3a- tiorb too, T!h.ere i r .Some ren $cs c last mit, as ther, usually Bra, about cilther lavyers or professors, and they included :v about th? `learnod liberals" vw lad som kwledoge? of !tbor asc*mnnt tters derived frm aediatiton, felt like R111 ?4sr Stf,A anwl there ias ths tone, of derogation, T thougt, after all,, peitaps if you take in t field of labor the total of those people,* you vill have 1400, let us say, out of 2140,000,0000 pople, So tiat is 1 to 100,000. And what I a intereted in is the 140,000 ,00 1 think t th ca get ahead with, Man in spite of if nee ssary,t dt "llarned liberals". At at rate, it is what they th kthat It Is hard for me to knw exactly where to start a disous- sion of our resources, but I a going back. I recall an article written by Carl Beker, wbo vas thbn at Corne1l, It appeared in the Yale tar Journl. It was entitledttSomeGfennlities That Still Glitter", Carl Becker unertook In that article to seywll out the basic pillars of deworaoy a, as I remember it ( I rrmcnler it pretty well), h i drntttied the three basic p11l| ,of democray in this wayx The first one was the recogition of the value of thr- STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO I l 101 inditvidal as such, the dignity of the inividual. The secoo wa a recognition or' the value of persuaion its superiority ever force, The third one the rec on of thel- value of the truth &ne tlv? obligation vhioh we all have to search for the truth ad, having foun it, to e it with our tell en, 1 do not think that but a very s1n pereentage of the Awrsw inan people would find fault with Carl Becker's enwe.ration of the basc priniples of demorcy. Where do we get those principlest From where do they 7? N1ov do we get that vly? It goes back a long time, ladies gentlemn, I hll go beck two thousand year ad nindulge in a little philosop (it ti all zq own, you see) and take you to the banks of the river below or outside of Athens, to a grove sal waer the trees on the ks of the river Socrtes the others were pernoding Tlous to venture for them his guess about the origin of the gods ad the areation of the universe. It was a joint dIsussion,a in seltAdefene I am going to read to you a very mdest r of Tieus The reark is this, and I vant it applied today: "If then,s Sorates, we fnd ourselves in a-y points wsable to ake our discourse in every way wholly onsistent an ext yu Must nt be surprised,, Ny,, we mwut be veil content it we can provide an accowt not less lkely than in others, We must r t I w8o speak and uwho are ny a ludience are but wmen ad we be stisfied to ask for no more t the likely tor," STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO ,, 8i,, , int. t i:4m -pouW VU,s nwopowl-ti-n I tt.L ~ ssR , ts~ r i n r ed u c tio n Li r p ftX l CttB pr p 8 M W L 'U orrigin t the univerae, thce cweation of, a& cosmo out of ahvwa oaw about tsn rcasofl pcrsual aemcssity (thc Greco-k rann th os fo nt, oh fnc) to or ter the gr CP ,xtrt o f fr goal * Then, hs cos 3l gy vent on,7 tawtyr oreaPtd demi- s aM they vcw- enooyed with xr ason, &awt the dut.d-Es wer authorized to reatn? You are, thsu of ro was EoxsdobW depet by tha- tin.l They created . vey enJoyed his, accord lig to U2irfs,tX with what reaon was lett1-inutfioieAntly perhaps, but also With a passion for Oreati,sal0 left to the minor part, That story always interested we ve4ry iu. wereo ve havc the pilature I slould lAke to push it a littl f r 1 hroc, tievr- are no scholastic philoiophers present, but to mke my point tbrougbout about thlve 14O,QO,O>} people, i shouldI l?3k to put it this Va:I Let us as*a that the ajor p of Vhich Tieus spokc about hWavn been put Into order for good is that part of the int 7t:.rse which we observe as the pt7sical universe, which obeys the laws which we more or lsa increasingly unlerst , or th nk ie do; that tle minor part that was left for completion was the and will of n, the part of the uiverse vhich is the noa-pbysical part, beause ye observe that that minr part baa not b-een ordred for good. Nov I ball illustrate that, You have a hrired mme aM 70 STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY' SAN FRANCISCO I ( 2.- , 103.) "l.X v V to 1ri thi: into) OrWer You can t'Mat unitfo on tId hund 'r l; VAM'. carth m look alik t; yo can staud tther up awgtsrat the vall fBut you cant e them think alike bytrec 44fl\r - t It yoU atWo them inst thc tiring Val t rm - ti1 do t tigt their mn a&re in order adall you *n dw tis shoo, t h wich consists of reducing thnt to tla| steal na.I ive moving them out Of the fp eal and then no doubt they Vifl obey thta law.s point is this: it' to point the t UP, assume tat somethig lke tint is the order that i is actually a inraeipator with the Creator in the completion of the orderly arranw*?mnt of the* r part; you see then where these idoas eazc~ ron, That is not too m kez a 90 ll eau picture,. pcr haps, or Platonism. Tht you see whr the ideas came frm. -if you entertain such an idea as tbat, you not tail to bnt - re card for the being asrch, if it is only tby b u becauscp yU May, Veil, ar l in th saw boat, with the , ou It affoect us all the ow, We hope the Creator sticks with us." AS Hr. Bnr put its t9rp,xe: is ork to watcb The master wok aa ath The tri k of the prpr trade, The tricks of the- tool' s trvue pity0 flut for P- oplo- w have an such aa Of th worth of thecl indiuidual as tint, it is natural to ff>Ecc that the@' di ty of the tad ividual is of pr imry portane An] so of the value cf wr STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 104 bwrr a slurrnlg retcrenoe Li lre Rihe rg |s ivznaVkz!' tthsliberais vheD preach pewrauasion in pm e_,remnce to t ,cv 7 ,rxtn :! the ve s ooting at, T it 71. did not iz w ventt~ iVtt.PlAte dlid nelt inventl it0 It prece'Oded plato, AM] al, the hitory of m la cfimd tt it, 1t as & rule that rn ea p s in affairs by e r ion and nor-Inot by toreI Mavr. been in positin w=hore I VIshOd it yore different, but 4 bate nev er tfomd it so,* re! that is the ruic anl that Is whert We gAt it That is whore Carl Becker got it. AW nw th- ualurf f the truth as co to bc. since Plzto's time a highly d ev loped tortoatised., scientific researclh ieno bave devol opal scitentific metods of truth-finding whih eonstaSt of a lowmutton copl with check ingm of obsertions. A it bas go; protty tarI You may sa, "What bas all that got to do with co0llec1tive I sked welf, Are those resource still available to th6e w,>,r n 3people? As it happen, thbre have Iern occurrences re o:ntly %hat left no doubt about that4 I had a experience about it. Mr. a of Sa IPnacisco wrote an article that vas pub- I tube in the Journal of the hr Associatton. Re had been ki scwc speeches, and ho pointed out in the article that threc was !)rrva1ent in some circles in Awrica, more ha liked, a theo thtat te., old riCts of n were unal am did not exist. Its STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO ht i it v ry vig or rouslzr to tint id ea in this art t i' i,t t ..t& s c1- vrrtt" reading, and b - t Up ao rwocm hcr it, ssyin? tint his opinion was that the rilghts of xsn did exitst that tPy had fou i full and, he hoped, eternal cxpr tsnion lI th $ eL' t . tU of Zn(?pe dence nfi the. Bill of Rights, en Ec ez_ prc,scd thes vici tlit the ton oa the street in Amcrica stf." bc l:-k-v6ei in liberty. Well, 2 thc so, too, Bat it not long after tint that I niv an artiole ori the Atlantic Ikonthly written by th>,.; Presiient of tint publisn * fl title Of it Wa tThe Right to k$trikrc,%c It was quite a philosophial artioi O It tok the position tiat there U no such thing as Zan rightsa that th;. Idea of trying to write a Bill of flights as they arc nov trying to do in UN no a foolish waste of tie; tint they ar- 'documents of contusion" which W the* expression used, and that thexte ar no rights that do not give way to the rights of thy publie., It n8 dotrine tht was ssed very temperately in a way, in philosophical tones, but vould have served M. Hitler just as vell as a sommbat mre violent doctrine than he express-| Old IIt upset m quite a bit, because I vas born ad brought up in Nov rnglaal am] I learned about the ll of Rights on ng mvthrt s kne an I also learned there that the Atlantic ionthly had som sort of specia omotion wita Divi Providence., which vasnever defined but never questioned t And so it sqult a 4 shook to mw an I felt like gettizlg UP d ting a very STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO A6 : was IYA tht "rzeet state of n rr in the-' ptcrse Mxre tjlkntlalsa &tate a89et to &enator Molellar I want to re V b- love I so conacive tbE Gotitu- tion off t6 Th iitod States to reteat upo a does mrligion, the tnw mtal proposition of the integrity of the tvidnl that all goverasat awd all private institutions must be desi,od to romote. aw protect &W defend th i&egrity the di nt y of the inividual, a is the essentia l of the Contitution slth Bill oR f wad it is essentialI the na of religon, As I say, : felt bettr. Thou whea I observ ed the rreoaction acrvsts thx ccetatry to Mr. Lilioutbalt's re s whih vs t efinite, I oonoluded that Ii'. ISizon risht when hv? aux- PrVC aso the opinion that th1e an o the street Lu Amorica still bictod in liberty. so I thikI weed net a with ts a$ti- Alec, perhaps, that thosef resoues; arc availble to us, 4y friends, it is those belefs really that o these, poopl zw tsrritied about the strikes of 19k6, It is becase ftmnlament- ally they are oppoised to trae they have been tsod by th3e labor unions, they a" opposed to it an they get frightened about it, So, rettly, if you are an oiptmist you oan see that there is a sign of good OU in that, Bw does that g for collective ning? aul to get backI tfrt Ore-coe to lhme. We'11, don't you see, tat these three propositions ofTh, Bkeker's a'Genemlitlics Stil Glitter are the very tundnentals STENOTYPE RERPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 107 .4' oelLitivc ? ini~? Ocleoati,!Vc binig e on t0he r~ rrct & oP the, i$ ividua14 M&-n sit a the table as ala. )l-z ts bae'? on the vatluos of per asion Ove-r forcl, anl it is based upon te search for. truth. That coult be frprove6i on its tc obaiiquc- sinI am ootni back to that & So said,i ?ello I am feeling pretty good nr. Ve have got quite a lot of evidenoc of tlittcresourctus. A a ntly they extend into collectirf And I notice that President ?rtna, when he scat his n3sage to Congress the first of the year, said, "And eollectivc barginizg is stilll the nationl pliOy, Ad did on the xill say No? In all the discusions before the tt ces of Congr,ss ther%has not been a asiificant submission (I think thiis t orrect) vhioh has been oNosed to olltive bargainng Nor as theree been a ala! icant umission either by nt or Labor or anyonc else that is in favor of government decrere, So that on the evidence before us, pessimists or optimists, you can say vith the, gretest of ssunnse that today the grat body of the Ameriaan people, leaving oft t;hea extreists, be,lieve that collective b ning, that is, industrial self-goveraurat, a6 re., coatnct sae wprior to regulating owm econowy by govrnent; decree That is t tbhey believe, whether they aro right or wrong or not, sad that is our asset for go ahead with thc solution of this problem, We would be ca y not to go aiiad in the dire tioz& that is indeated by twb ovr lmv opinion. As we' go ahead, you kciw, t friend Van Salerquin,, in Bosto STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN fRANCISCO - I I I di s th sS wthS to _ be *4 f l a i s w s t a . *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~N a n o h e p m l a t A i t . f l a l t b l S t . # s~~s E ~t i s a g n a t n m n * , 1At i w e U " an. ci u t i a w e b e z t a _ e a p t . t h i S 4 w , a n t s a b e f1le e X a p i l i n g t e n M f w e t W h i t e h e e t 's a w e i i i t h e a g i s t -~f w ort e l m o m f t a t e r Z l it e * e t w a _ am S l f l d a I s .' a r e S . t O . t p t a e a m e r w i l t e w e a a s w _. S_s _Ww w , n m C s S t i n g a S p f l t h e f l a t l y . a t h eata b l e;S:d_ne t h b e t t e r U n j . n -e - s , a V at s i I S e S f d X * _1a STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO lo9 n(^t aney r cn in r atio s In tact, wve ar either on tT.ah vcr&c ot a air ea or wear sunk. But X think we are. Vc ax wit o'n our 7 &waya w be%tter kcep i AM so I s al t te; tbing that Dr, ITeirsrson said this mornine In all thesec ons ttt%rtioas of laws to pass or things to do,, there is one faflibl1 criterion, and tint is, 'Wil it strengthen or veaken oollective Inig? Tat may s like an extreme poition to take on collectiw g ing, -but I say to this awl enee that that it the vwy that the thing vW soIt up tram the beg g* That is the only way you create Progess And so 1 say' that is a gooat suffi- icient criterion, Nov 1slal1 get away from the $ttlosopby of labor relatios or wmt iane, perhaps somebody vt1l say, to collective barp.in- Ther, you have, I t , two principles upon which the cci- race base-titslf by substantial sp)eRKft in this country todAy On of thorn is the principle that we want to do it by ooll-e1tivte inig, not by govern nt decree, The ether prin oiple is a nwer ofe4 and rt I think it is in the pietur, We k1ov ?ron experienaey that we p ue at a very high level * The tolbogical problem have been solved to a point whre we mu pwoduec " much as we want--full utiistton of our r.esourcs We do not 3auv how to distribute tit produoton so as to keep the th going witbout the tbocn and bst? But it to W'i?r beg,i to be seen that tWit qwstion is a cold, objeotire qucstion STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO no ott ?ccmonics social govo itt. There ? a tixn?1 it you did not get mere your share on this earth, you would a r to cThat& Tt was a atter of life sari death to get more than That is not true in America more, no the t cools ott, I do not the wer, but et the problem of ocAlec tWo ining is, t is that e a division of the total product which viu keep the isehino running at its highest speed And a great deal of study has been devoted to it sari is being do voted to it, I cay, the novel feature of it is that it is a bug to be soon to be a preposition without "heattt, that it you need is "light" about it, that there is a division that to beti?t for the producer, for the e r, and the workers, I think that those two principles can be said to be accoptc as fuarlamontal principles of the science of collective bargain- ing. Dut here is t happen. You have principles an] in this country particularly you have groat orraisations, That is, aol lective ining goes on not betweca individuals but princip- ally botircen large organist ions. As soon as you have an organi ration, you have pressure within sari peculiar to that 0mm- tion, and pressures differ depending on the nature and the pm'- post of the orgmaiaation. ?rofessor e at Yale, for instance, has been studying that subject, is doing special research on it, and it is being studied everywhere. But we all know it is so. The reason I hav? gotten kicked around frequently (no doubt Dr, Leiserson ) is Renal agenesis In Fmn exon 4- and exon 5-def icient mice r Volume 4 Number 9 tbat t.Vr sayY "hat arir you do ain heare? You are a do-gooder, thMt do- r,m lw about labor relations?" And I have to admit the soft sobt,awt Yae what bAppeiw isths I shall use the ot &ol Blch. I ae his ?w- bcoause I know him quite vtoll an I kno his viewes No ntter what I would say, he would get up rd nih a reply ad he would k e Xtvis docan't kwn about the pressures of a labor crust'- nisation *ad ho doesn't knw Viat our policies are." I wasV: tlki to him the other day and I saids "et,9 do YOU eppon.nts know what tboy swe?' Fle said: "Nb, I rd3on't th the y d eC I said "'Do you kw what your oppoents' policies are?1' IwO, Vwe o They keep them to elves," fP*jMflo you kw what their pressur ae 8-,iii, h fis an bit fCf11o and ho unertook to s-ay tint hb did! The point I am -is tint it you are going to hv a science of oflleoti-r b ningyou must study tlh Pressures vithi 1;v> 08tOJ?sations and tbe Xw In which thiose pressnures (bceause it can all be related to P*tysios) vdity the agreed principles to produc different policies. Ard cllective ing consists in sitti down aroud the table in one way or another shape those pressutes to policies on which the two sides can aee That is, geNaine colle-tiv e l All over the country that study is going on* That b STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO r p 'this Confr rnear here is about. And it is goi on in every big colleg in the cimtry, in the labor organization, in the, big or tnt ions of cment like th CW, the rican nt Assoeiation, the Society for Advemacaent o.? cment, Nationl P Association ad so on, I it would bee a very good hinAg if thi institution or some wealthy titution could devote enough monoy to it, to have somebody sit d sa give us a plturwe of what is go on in these studies t how far they have gotten, In tbe Pyical| sciences where I was trained, you come pretty near findi out, at least, what is tbhg Vnerally accepted doctrine about electro- | ti&i:* You sy not be able to uderstand it, but *you fin same accord. They cuage that frequently, but that is all to the good. But you can not fi that in the science of aoflective. brga4ning. So I am all in favor of keep at that in a scien-o tific spirit. I thlnk it my friend George Taylor were here he would say, "Well, Bill, wat re you t about? You sec, i ttr of fixing wages is a specialst'ts matter, You have got to do (this, that at] other)." He vould givet yo an expert18 advice on it. A o it is in every saience, The titioner is differ- ecut fm the scientist, There Vag an old Ge n e sion that id that "A sien- tist is a mu wbo knos everything s t do sxqthing, An engineer is a mn who can do overthixs an doesn't knt And that is pretty aourate, and it is the nature of tir thing, STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCo u a msot be both. so I am sl ts f o o des tos ta le flat bwiuFs e . to the rt w t m S it $ a g S * Wt, fitoet w set If o t t bw iE0 penontie bUtX awe of o1 2_w It Is the be tm f g of to to the pe nit I e sX bo , is s i e o f Ot h o f p . N S L i l . ht W$ rate we b o. , to 4 evflo the a i the I*t th t w it h tb . s t e l a fl t e u l U t vo , . e v e u e ' m e we ven n zj u D an, It vo w w w a r, showZ d J lbe lto ot d W tbe b it b S t t . of oIe mt would be pthat that an IS real4 t h e n t 1 i n f l s a n t h a i s n t o . a n , ; a i i t i s p a n m i m E I a s i n a t t a r I s t h e p m . . I - v e s t I s i t b e e n . I g r a t l e p . f*he vt Idw -- *W P 11: "> STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO I 114 Wasl4mgv% T ',;avT, gotten sc it X dontt get a bucket of blood by e S @ : . ?c t ane mi c! t i1. hope some day we sall got to a xoint in c1olectiv, bn- gaining where it ont be so bloody, But I sball say this to yai: Don't let sgo out fro here with the the t that I have "id it is &n easy or the solution is an easy 0flc1 To pare se. Chub hill, We ny nt bave, blood, but we shall have 8wet, Star beiiM e ied in relations, We w going te have teen, But vho an easy road? oodness I If the Creator intended us to march toWard on an road, e vwould have givan us no rweon or a slson for relations, because nelither one would be of any use to us What did thy say in tihe Deolaretion of Rigts? One of, or lioeblc, rights i tihe pur- suit of happiness, Jo one v7nts an easy road to Ismiaess, So with that declation at faith in the possibilities ot collective I ad n attempt to lay dow a general or- teflon, I return, as I p id I would, to the question, What an you going to do about these strikes? In the first place, a strike in the odinry iustrl - latioship Is, " you 3mev, a xnrt a! avery useful srt of the ahory of colleetive, *DS I think Bill Leierson would agree ith we that in the last ifteen mit of big cotrover- sies it is the right to strike- or the th t & rh possibility of a strike, that is tbe ints t vith which the controversy is settled, It is always preent at the oontcrence table, It is the thaLt puts a lim t On unre"on and it in STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCo . ~~~~~115 t'tkw' tht4j tht YcatIL3 the Xpattie in tht lat fifteen minuth to t3at Atti. ttrnsiblit-y of I their own eiin And -vith~ ru'.iJtz* tsptt ibfl?ty ~you o not hatO c%CUCOt?ivO apl4k Thn' Nt* I Xwtt that IUs b-cn C kat Of the Var 3Abor &Oard tor sev?Wra1 jomanI Wbt ye- did to ocUleottyt'Y be |ini ItWe is som: plaac t t You taks the babr ixz the last fifte a minutcssidc or the.: othr is going to ti that that is a bettor plaor than to a the ontract t is on th,e tabl, and you donlt hav collective So the strike in the: o(dn cteVyd&y roms of StC&riS is th.way yo Settle the thinglinily, It is 11wik my going into a store to buy a patr of socks. The fellow abmc socks aks he n"ye. 1$Lso". s "I dealt want tem it s teeI Well, e haven'tt done any business He han' t scld the. socks and I haven't sot any s?olm go out, bowever. The wrld is still revolv in. I go arovin town I for sos a I f I oatt get Oan seeks for less than 41.50 S&o I get more reasoable. ad I tI, 'VeIl, maybe I will go back and buy thoe soc Ba2 That b the time I get back t fellov has tota that e can't move the socks at $41.50 he often them at $1.*25 That Is what the strike does frk.queatly, B3esidcs that it tea6bss people the realities of existenc a d usua1l results in a period of stable peace. t>nm t thi that I a an advocate of strikes, In 1944 w were having the 'quickie" strikes all over the country. P-tplv STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO I I twt cut r g thef- War Labor mvod ordere them bc trlwy vt U1o back in a day or two Ttison lrg t to dotat t n its thr t to la -Thviz mr tcvls vhen you do nt hven you azv go to pick tWri O m So kloving tbnt, I said in a momnt of ads 'Vrbat thIs try needs is a ffrto-olass strikct w 11, the pape>rs throuteut the country cr-e full of it | "Davij favors strikes in wartime^ t li mt be a a8t t! | Howcver, that ls what the country did neiedo Goe l we got it, a I think it is quite plain that with all h axeet ments, with ail the tvmult sal the shouting., it w a very good thi for our ontstitution, We arc much better off that we hid them, I am convinced of tint, We arc not on the brink of dias- ter, The labor mewt in thi country is not a horrible noter with u ted poer. In ftat, ry guess is tint it is in one of' the' wakest position in which it hsbeen In iW time AM the country is not in anger We ve plenty of tiw to tiLnk it I Whould like to go back for a te to this sitter of the soeance of collective sln-g the procedures of the art. Take a paper like Dr. Leisiorsons today. Here is a m wo fows whit he is g about. Re a matu , if you wirll zx-w| aoe Me,# He faces the facts of life as sothing to be hadl e sad not someth to be hated, be lap don a In ttnt paper which, in my 3 t, could well be taken by the coutry as somethig to go on sa go iato evezr big Industry in this STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRAN CISCo p iiril U.? CWAft7 , r'7 ,t i ran to go to ahington, but go to thw wius'- tr?e sJ (i, Vlabor ano in the imutrtes awl oay " ha;v about this paper et Dr. &o?serton's as a pweedurc to atar ott init this tchrmu or colloctiv e '^ I think wo be a groa' t , Thry vould =iyit in ditferlcent tlaooe Bu-t it tacos tbe facts of thi sitxtion* Sr I cn- to the conclusion, you that strikez arc not suzi a bad *hdng in tbeir place. Th- ,ye all right. Then I got Into this dispute about the right to strike 2 tolA you about t. ftr, m cm i theai- At tani Monthl*y drag- ged it ott intro a question of the baic rights of *ma A,A when you get oft there, there is no doubt about th r e eoimtry. lut theo tact of tetter is tabt, in nW jid,int, this vcry interesti discussion of baic rihts not to do vith this question of, What ame you going to do about strikes? I want to tell you whtt I by that, There are certain cases in wh1ch the procedure of interrupt ing produwtion and sifti th'e out while the other fellow gets mooo reasonable or you got reaonable (good tee n in eu or n at e) its sizp not available, Noboy 3mmm that better than the ature leaders of Labor in Amerino| I think a situation as that ezists on the subways of iZit York. All you have to do is to look at the ap of New York to knw that it you did not have a t nsit sytem you t as vel give !tahattan IslA3 ba:c to the Lmi an, d you would be 1n to get back yur $24.00, You pyculd not live tha&', So STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 118 you oen not shut down the subways; you. ca not shut d8n the, ril. rMwoda Vlben Mr. Witney's -outfit started it, tbh President am out tint Pridty aTternoowia said.0 "The governzt will ue all| tlpvs of govt3Irnmnt to keep the rl e jg. &) did M Whitney! I thlnk he is a pretty vice fellow, | &o actually,, thon, tbhoe vbo awythin about th hiutory of iabor in America can eite: more ases t one , Actually thu| fact Isi that th- Sov ownt al stelps into those oaes, it hal to If it is to be a govoraent at all Then people's rigbts &re not in question, The point is that the% toelique it not available. Then vise people wbo have mature a wbo knc| that in their hoaxti vill sit dovn azond the table and try to work out in each indUstry or that oucter a ah ub titute for strikes. AM that is what we should be doin in these caaesO Xt can be d onoo It should be ustry by inutu, b ue the labo leaders khw vhat they are up t. My 8,M4oU0,t It ltW a polioeuon' Strike, the Only onu I ever hbar of in Axerica, and polio n have "a rlight to strkce theoretically as else, that tWme 1)r. Ooolidge P?r.S3 * ident,* Well, n one. could call that a ozpaee vnt I tvery body reels that sort of thing, you see, so that tbere is this material for vorking it out. Soibody is going to say$, "eh,, but suppoge they din't work it out? Supose in the lt amlysis they shut don the railroad I well, I say, "The President will do vhat the President has lway done, lie will ooae in keep theX ailroads r i| STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 119 a a little facetious about that onc tIwc I got in tr|ubt- I said that on -of thc virtues of ou'r Corsititutionva that the President's poers riln uidefined ath a Vpl for tohi ewsney The roesult that iL our history, ad we havce1 iad emrgenenies sinc we be , each time we bav had a President vith tbe ao e to act an save the Union8t-usuafly unconstitu- tional or extra-cvntitutionl. Then after the Unon is saved rid te emwrgency is over, the ta into the Supreme Court and they say that the is Ozrntitutional ga sve the Constitution. That is net so fcetious as it see, kt me put it another ,Wo bave these undefined pwers of the President which are bl to the 3ezrgencry People sa they t to be defid, All right. By whom? By Congress, vi limits, suppose con- gross sas,, NIn such an errgeazy th- Prrsidont is autlorised to do (a -and-so)2 Theb first thigwould have to be seisure just beoausc you 't make people work for a private exployer, so it would bc seizre,v The Sxth$ Awe t of tbe Constitution S th Congress shall pass no lI depriving the citise of the United States of lite, liberty or property without due process * SO the first t Congross has to do is to set up due process thev Second Anne at , If you tfle a n operty you t e fair, just compensation for it, and the Sureme Court has 0 tat a mn's labor is a Property right, so I say, It Gewress is going to pass w sv on the subJect it saould be a law hich does not ST-ENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO hbee'oc - !e Phct!ve untfl therc hr b n a, & la d re tiorn oi' nattom i ewe!rfcyn7 WT (.fni%tess vants to join with the P?rraidrnt in that d eclbtion, l t. Yon have got to have that in, Cthewisae- th coilective aoier ill know befor w here to go te get out of the hole they a1 in, a f they kiv it betoxr- it is always gon to be more attractive te' one side tha t other,and there goe your collectivo b&rSaInine l tt, then, it the emergency is declared s tere sei$; it wait be oon titutional seisure Rlti must be tc:t up to fix the just rnupenntien to omnet *si! lUbor because of thu Property of theirs tat h been seized. I tink- such a proie* sion a that vould never be used, prbably. In tact, I rI j not ad, vocate it, I would leaw it to the President's emrgency powers, as we have done nM since 1789 and gotten along. But it any y nts a law, that is the kind of a lw I vould like, list is m anser to, What are ymu going to do about strikes? When it o s to nmltut of the Wagaer Act, I wiU go al with what Dr, Leiserson has sid cpletet7, I put it this way| the erpose of the Waer Act vas to secue a better division of the imwoar of the Arlarian people. In 1935 when the Act ma poe ci we ha all bo-on tthe IRA. It vas the only tlme in |q lifI T everkv economists tob fl srood ononfe t; they were all agreed then that our trouble wa aldistribution of the national iaw. The declared purpose of the Wner Act as| to imprve that distribution, The metbod employed vas to sto| STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO I S11 nw(rlormtin interferisg with sef4-ofzation of emploes, It vo$eA prett wellg as statistics *horr, but it is nw said tbat tfl Irmvflt either of the Act or its interpretation hbas en tt? thror thf alance the other vmj, to imb1ance it in favor of Laborxi, ad Ist cnnt. But the declared purpose vas to imrovemnt the distribution oa the nt mionl income am! the method was to redr.ss the a per at theb | tablel, !3But it, the table is WV w b unalnced in ftvor or labor nt em t it ou4t to be correted because that vs wnot the intention of the Act Tt I agree with the President anf with Dr. Leiserson and oC,crs tho say, It you are going to the Wastr Act at all, lot a study be ad, Here is an Aeti of C r which introdueed into our social system cer8tn rules for a certain purpose, There has been built up on it a great deal of law a t nedsd a the study of experts, You do not amend a th like thnt, 9U inf its basic purpose,, by shooti at it, You look at it and " It itIs this thing be cazried out in a vw' that serves the purpose? If it is not, how do we need to change it?" You do not ned to a e it any mnre you have to, In other wordas it hA a mtter to be done with yo net with your heart copletely. I would not leave the heart out. So on the Wagner Act I woul advocate a s|tudy (n this atter of prohibiti imt tryide collective bar- gsaining it is ?ar3 for m to speak. about vie s knos ieat they are, The basic trouble with it L-~~ STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISEC 122 Is tat youm find out by looking at the Act Itseolf. Thre am t. e-u of thi that are torbidden to Amnci atisons. Yet mot nt do this, yOU not do that. lb ow of thm the Slightest tinge of moral turpitwle. They amn. thins that thoy hsve benm doIng, that they I they l3are the right to do. The hIstory on the mubj cot ba shovn sucess in almot ery case of 1nutryvide nng,, am so the bill tells all thee- people, "tYou cantt do t1nt, U-.-fl,' you can not pas a law like, that. in a democacy and. ge.t away with it As Dr, Iciserson nid,$ all you de is to cipose the impotenc of democraticgt iteto Condemn it. AM besldes that, Ar we, aowds? Sere we arc on- M in a procss, a at adventure, in which the ultte p- pose is to bring into order these socl forces,w to order them for good. The more ef t we do, the better. Tt happens tht in this industryvide ba ig the forces are at a hit level* That fact creates danger, risk, but it creates at the same time opxx4tunI T hi r the level of the foraca, the greater the oprtuuty for creative results. A4 so 1 Untless we v re w we sizIl not run away into chaos from that opport y. d t question is, Rave we the guts to be grat in tbit fteld? LowU applauas , yLUMLO wJA tt d gy ou, lr. DavU., C~nly a mnwho has togt deeply on those, 1opex proble-m STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 123 coule $.vc- - thiE wisdom Mr. Dis bBs givCU u8S thbi atteioono Te liicuss Mr, Davis# paper we lave three people- The first is Mr. George hhrs, President of the IsnaisOo Fployers Gsuncil,w .* L ould appie .. Presid-ent, Uan ?zwAoisoo F~p1oyers Oouoil . M's R ABs It is a difficult tsk to tollow such a tflurl as Mr Davis,, Rwever, I svo wnt to ko these* obserations on his address of this Itoroon Be stressed the point tt over a poriod of time the poliey of t-govez'nwnt of i ountry is that our dimstrial cmlatio problems shall be settled tbroug the processes of @olle@tiv | b"- gaini, and he beleves t we should acctie along that 'oth tovrd a solution of our iustrial relatios poblem, | In that I agree Vith. h a I believe that his stpatewtnt is pceuliarly 1signiicant in advocat-ig o11le1tive -b&r%In1 as agaist ay form of op uory adjudioation su8h as a labor court' Compulsory arbitration, or a boa1 of 8ow. ki because Mr. Davis himelf sat at the head of the m potoverful tribunal for the dpte.rmination of labor oamtrovers les that thi country has Por zv part, I belicyc in collective barg a solu- tion to our probIems and I woUld Volc a long tiw; &at improvin prooexssc of *ollective bisng before . wouV aw th e STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO tor* any toxr of compuls tan0 P;wa.h'':' . a re reasons which can bc listed as agalnt the toxwxa of sory atbirtntion, I think one of t most practical a! effective was mentiowned bere this morning, by Dr. tetserson. You will fim a referenc to it, not oay ot 0 part ot Ewmnt but by labor itself,, in the Amorica FeAera.- tionmst a or so ago, in viiohit was pointed out that Ausca trlail has had a stem of w ry arbitr&tion for a pe-riod af Tyars sa it wa oalled the most strike -'riden country in thile rld. In .prPortion to population,, Australia bm had twice as strikes during the past four yeara " has the Unitedt States. Mr. Davis vIVs with a g rat degree of do I more, raz the viEwpoint of a philooopler or hbtorian, tisaing the events in the evolution of our proceses of collective bar- gaIning, Unhappily, it Is not: W assigmoont to view that in such a de tor. I an obliged to. be an active participant in the nrocesses an 1 bhpe that some corrections can taki plaee during a tine wthen I o witness the"m. If it toE; 1be. the conidered policy of cur goverra?nt that we are to sctt& our disputes or our diferences 'by, colicottv bargaining, T t4 tit we should realize all o thel- tions of that statement. If ve are going to have collective bwwa gaining ifnvitably we arc to have strikes. orrXutd labor be- lieves tint the right tr *trke is xiplioit in e ot oollective bargaini. A x! I want to say that I do ot disagr-ee STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY I SAN FRANCISco - - it- 1 125 t-- t statcmcWnt. I belitve tint If the processes of collec tivE: a w core to be simply the presentatio of a list of drmavws c?r requests off an e4mploer and be bad the opportunity to clhck oft tbose to vhieh hb tbetd, th c to tioh be did net agr*( :C3 han them tack to the ui-on, th-c proCas would be more. or less an ile process. The National Association of N tturrS, which is one' o17 the outstaM spokemeon for American industry Sm Which sbe went3onwd tbhi zoraing, bas issued a forthright statement on this subj4;et to the effect th-at vhcru there is a bona tide- ditcrenc#| of opinion following gnuine olletive inrg, plocs stwould br free to strike P ed tha thre is no ocntrat stand ing an the w*y I think that we ought tb realiseR fn-kly vhat tbis process Is, If you bave collective end and f i ollective i%n- ing brakcs down ard it it is followed by a ste, the issu: is settled not necessarily bo is right but by wbo is the starnge est, who can bold out the loMgeit, or vi can lean out the window the farthest, The first deo tion I ever bhoad of tcolleetive barg i was given to m by a labor representative who said that tcoltee- toiV is a proess wheeby both sides sit arena the tab1e amn the strongest side guts everytWng it vantsA It is not our concept of the most civilised way of settling our differfenes, but it has tbhl one out staning virtue: if tfh palicE s ave a difference aid they *r out a settlment STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCC ta tlv :uWeOrzSc of collecative b, vtcth_r it ia with a stri3t& or wvitout,, tho prduct "babyl and they Intl 1onV Wt anI tf.rry will work uner it far better than if soiaW pr son Lroni -"~ac utside took them & andfocked thcir heads together,, and I ed them a solution. That is the one major virtue Of the cot- Xr. hvwis In his discussion of the subject cdc,p wrferene to fCrOd VCfl Pe NfW4iOfl. A far "51 am1 Oo.rThGA the cofleotiv being carry?xg with it the right to atrlkc, is to me- a ton or foreful pervion Thi procss u tiontly prouces an impact on o >ur pub" 1ic and an mpact on our cono1r vbih is costly, but so tar " I can see, it is one of the prices that we will have to py for the liberties that ve onjoy in this country. It It is to be thew sttdttd and contimned policy of th governm'ent to provide that cofloutive bariigSa11 be the method by which wv se-ttl. our dIflfercos of opinion in i rstl relation ttors, then w be^l1 yve it is up to the goverment to ritte a set of that vilt bc biding upon both sides of the collective( pro- case. I do not believe that you can settlei all our probte by writing a law, an I would like to ake it yezr plain that I am quite sure that we an not settle everything alt at one* time. : think w. have to take a pitotia aproach to th- problem wonr at it one step ata time, With referenoe to legislation, ltet us consider what lar r have bearing on the sUbJect of our industrial relztiont STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCZl 2t,r lr - Krtr' p'zbfgrincipa statutLw(X S the >tLaton At t Ar ronrr%s&fZs*ftuaria Act sd thWe I c cr Acta foz brovtt7 Vnt c saly tbat tr Clayston Aotg in Pfret,, ercludrsa labor oo nsatiors f:r. ztiv it!finitton of ver rh a Bwt ns Agent for ow of the' rtilrcad brotherhoodsb Ar. Davis said southir8 about putting the ctremists of. both sides into a Ull. With t)t I .'-e, I weuM hirct a ball across the, way, ! I this sa king Perso mily'. flier are a lot of officers of labor umnios wh peak - for us in tlvr halls et Congress sa o are every day getting the frowt nzge. I would ha-e the ball across fn the extremists aid I would put the.- labor zn w do the t-Ing in that 11 thek I voul re tire them on full pay, an I would eleat ye r wmn to tale their plsaes, Tiat is whkat ve need. I nt w tell yu this . I do not live in the- glories ot yestn-ardy or the theories of towrrc. I live in the realities of todty. Te xkalities of td ar, theset The re is an Outeandeout attempt to a I o -ed 14,000,0o0 people, tn per cent of the American people. If the Congr"es of ts Uited States a the people of this United States want C em, I say, S kle lAbor al you will get it quicker t;ban az other way. I sy,, Let's go back sit down a ! be reasonable .w And another t I do not want w mwr negotiating withb enonlt, I do not vent m aor nSotating with , STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 135 ' t am gtiatoi with o ersbvp. Ant I will tefl you v have lWm!en do business in the- General Office Southern Pacifro for the t 27 yoaxw. ?en ye of that tiw: havr bec# |z ftCUL tim And you) kcvv a doctor told me once, G r1 t you got out end played a little golf, forgt these thing cwae In a 1vtiie, you vould be better off." Am! I 1id v I never coul f out who you would met on the golf cotree, but I tinally fo n som -of the Southern Pacific officials play golf an I vould meet| them on the golf' 0oure. 1ut they, too, vere not getting tocj | nobl ony because t}ey were using the ca r curse I as, ami tin was the public goIfc e, Thc told me Wt you vent for the mtbership is ritt but ve cnt doe thi% vor ru. orders ccn from Nov York, l, said vwe as officials arc glorified office boys for t f eent d e d t do mt the teat wants ve barr no uion to protect us. They just No, watch the Pattern. It is ownership t1at curtails ties the hbnds of their a nt. The Southern Paciflos Co Pacific Oas & Electric C, htited tates meel som of the o as c*nnmaies, an all run by the asam people, and bak ir New York they set the lbor policy a y never sec the an who sets it, For a11 I kw, he ny be a Qoaunist! I want to meet tnt ownership. They- send the frt men outI hcro a tese f ront men sa, "Yes, yu could cow, in an! talk youelf d dus a bliIf" And sometimes, I do, ami thc sasyor is mi seop ap ed tbe or is, No, STENOTYPE FPEPORTING COMPANY SAN,4 FRANC ISC- That is the truth, Tho vbhile the- i ,8t n ith -as vt ny-ing, V love labor, aVe am for labor, '-t this., that dthe next thin, they barv their lobbies in Washington trying to) ut the r p s from w$er you, Tint is xa ctly what goes on, ? say sincerely, itf ouertab will negotiate with us, thc-n yt.r Vill gotsa place, And it those who own te big Indw- trisg wVbWXre you hav lad your strikes-Steel, automobiles, mnnes, trusportation--will cor out In th. open an c d fe the 1aete o-f labor in the open ma it down negotiate to not the office boys but the ownership, we will get nor place. AM when they set tiat pattern of labor ngotiations, th( pattern tC set is followed by every other industry in the Thited States * The mall idustries followr the pattern of the big dustries, bca*us thu sal idus-tries bope 50oS dy to be big industrios, AM that is what goes ow, Let us negotiate with owneroip s not m - ent Tint is about all I bive to say on it* I want to ex press t for th, privilege of saying the few vomls a&7a thin prsoually: ?lease don't be too critical of e,, I come from a minority group. I m an Irisb ho cew, out fran Irelad in 1914 As I told a friend of ninc, the best thing they ca saq of me is tint I am Chairman of the River on Ikwnch of thcl Gom4' staist Party! But I wrat to say this : I - out here in 1914, Whether it is to f taili or y crit or what it is, 7 want to say sincerely I hive no p on card or dtion frvm any school. The closest I ever got to a college is right hee today, STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCisCO -I 137 1w 'we?ric>ncc Ins boon actually out in the f ild f ightig thc battl of the people with w T ve-nt to work in the railroad industry. T am lIkt M. IDv?s, I am not afraid of anything. No $cares m-, And I want to say that ye venttleugh & r Labor did a splendid job. It is Just regrettablec that after tht have done this splenid joba t from the s of labor the soldiers who fought the war san e wos m didthe job beh thre seenes, brickat. are being hrled at them0 The greatest part from poor tallies, They bave to work to =ske a living. AMd out of the. hoesw of thoese workers come the. priestsj anttert, rabbis of our chrches, a ith those people to lead us, thoe people going into public office, I am quite hopeful that the dark cloud we ee. today is just a veil idIng th; groat snshine or a great Ameria whic I see in the not too distant future'- I 0 00 Lo a appl Sue ,.I Mr. Artbur C. Miller, Regiona Attorney, Social S&curity B formarly VioeOhain of the Tenth Regionl .War Labor Boad,v will continue the discuBsion. I' Mller? 00, Applause Regimal Attorney, So-cal Secuity B o fl o mr ly Y c e b a r a , Tenth Regio War Labor Board, STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO I - r I i I 1 3 . .jRmmt , it. aMLit ld ant gentle n. T w ta1kirg vith Mr. Dtvis rcsterday sad he Mdec the nark that kh hcre toda: that he eoMni4ors ef an a tew. I side a quici wntal nparison of hbi cxpertto with mn and iggestet nather hopAfullty ttat that vasa relativ te, Sire then I have boen t about It d tryw to invent a somrwhat lovez casification into which som of te res)t of us m f tit; a I si est tinittiirely oDYi@or apprentic, to tar as this field Is I should like to seq, in the; finst plaoe, that I an pul at lc;t tint the vhry thcnwhttul and th gpresentations by Dr. inerflaof W W D.Ivis bare brougt tb- perspective of this Oontcrocncr a little mroe in line with the title of the sub.. joCt that vwa supposed to beN dis4sod last et v LWe Mr. DMvis, I on not a prson vt believes in lsudden lamity and I got the impression from what . hoan 2"t vening that thr w as at ata overtone that, sowtov or other, we ver. iwdistolly confronted with some siah awtul prospect. It seems to mc also fat Mr, Itvt and Wr. Leiserson have: given yOU a wery good report, so tc speak, on the progress of 9 d(velroIent of ooll-ective ining have tak(cn stock of the sitation a it euists tod;q In tact, they itwo covered that so well a so with which I thoroughly agrsee that I f3o not intend to deo you very longv There is one ether slant on this m4tter of our labor policy as of ti time which it tbe vor to tjuctirE. STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO; Agr-out!a yoA,arv age Judge flolme,-b in u e hii ea ly is-m sents1 fl pinions, pointed out that it is the economic Policy of tW 3zTav n deinocntio @amttfle# to favor tre optition h tbern'y that in the long rm it is vorth more than it oosts, |tri- aMIdd that "'O? course, campctit1on invitably brings as an nt) rBuinit combination,e He thought that that policy as tf that t;m| o Ut to b applied to ompetition in the labor relations f?ld as wit-1 a in thea business field g0nlfl but as of that time | the judges gcenmelly did not agree with him it is only eoM. partively recenfly that the policy hba been applied to competi- tion be.*tween labor a pital aver a divtsion of the of' t|,,Joint product. T!he prp sals tr drafti aes in that poliay such as, for the proposal r prohlbitin varicns kinds of strikes or for slory axbitntiou, are pretty clear- ly retrogressivr- stopso &W it se&en to e they *an only be jus tififi on the theory that the cost of ompetition in the labor field has eco,me too groat9 As I road the r uts, t- people who advoate that sort of attach t importanc; to the-| industrial disputes of the l"t yuar or so, It seens to we that that is a great de'al more of tho| r dispvutes an what they cost us tan an eninimtion of the facts would Justiiy. In fact, it would be tltr rif| durng that period, twn pnotically all othe-r economic relation.a ships ere very distured, there had not been a very considerabtc d isturtanoc in the labor relations field, Awb5her thouglt that occurred to in connetion. with this STENOTYPE REPORTIN G COM PAN Y SAN FRANCISCO 14, _I t~~tvxr th:; ses t o ff 00 1 t it ia n is this J4t sc''sn to m' that antyody tring to apprise' what strikes art Labor disputes may est in tews at lost prc4notion ant con- &.qucfnt disruption of social values oat to tak. it in tlhe con text off other that result in loss of productio and tt-'s drstruction of woial values, I have no statistics, but T ir no) doubt that the production loss du. to the depression ce ttr 1930's probably woul tar oxcce5 a11 of the production ever lot from ixtstrial disputes In this coumtry, and the prmdution lost from isiolress sa disability aw industrial accidents probably on an avenge xeo loe dw to industrial disputes. But of course strikes and lockoutes are very dramtic and the public attention is focused on those events, ai we do rot find ptopl- perhaps as much distuabed about some of those other things, It sem to me that the, President was right in hts mat to Congress wh!n, in ntingtupon the labor relations situa*m tion, he mae reFounendations for vements in our arrnemcat for scial isurance agi t the, a of illness and disabil &W nmployment in order to provide an envirtoat in which cel.. Vo tivte.' bargsay tter operate, Finally, I slbzuld like to coucent on one) suggestion tbat has boon made here " to what if az legislativte actin t to be| conidered or umertaken at this time At least, since the pssageas of tWh ?*rris4aGtardia Act Federal Courts, as ) Eabra poinwel out, have been pretty wll| out of the picture. But generally , to the Courts hae STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SA N FRANSCISCO falWn thew 'task of tii the outside l ts Of this ares Of petition sxan State Courts have beon buslyI gPrit out decision ove,r th years in which they bave giveu their vievs as to the limits thcy think cujt to be placed upon concerted action by 10cr uOm. Jdg Holmes pointed out long ago tint judgea &W lavyc-re ar. by no m pople with the sort of training be at abl to fi ! solutions for probleum which ho chars etersed a utstitly legislati". Ant isemti the Pre.s'dcnt was correct in re ?adingthat a oareful study be c: by a cmmission of some of theso many problsl on the peri- phery of thin area of competition with a view to f legisla- timt of thc sort that t'. LeXisrson spoke of this mng C tainly the record of the curts is not so conspiuowaly success- Nul as to Justity the re, ousm of seow: people tint the wvole mstter be rexturnd to them. I =neorstad there is sow tie left for questioning if we have not overstepped the ;too ar, d I thinkit I sInll close wv adM pemit tint to go on, Loud*13 applause . (TAIMU(A $ I vish that there wore timre for question- ing, but wev are rmming s lihtly behind schedule I ishl deelair a ten-aiubte recess at thin time. Plow relturn )i t 4:00. because- we shball resinw. 4 is cuss iLons promptly at 4g00 o'elock. Sh ort r cess STENOTYPE REPORTINGG COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO w - f I ,_ I V M U J S V s V i m a n t r . t l U l s i e t h V * ta A f the t n*E SepJ t ws E W * . f l l n f l f t t O W . 3 . m a a s t h e f l g f l a S h ad at 00 4t Lt the p*nut t b he i rlotenw ot MnltS t th 1 i$ a n 0w l,q q"b eUa en ia l e w w w t I t t h w . a h t t b t t a t a S i t * b v t ,. n w , i l t s w t s t*_ 3 . u n w a t e s U t l a t . U m * * S -dit e f l l . , s lbi nt e d l ? m i . t o f #t h M . l h h t. 'o Z *~~~~~~~~~ n . s P e t N . S h N - * $F_e X t_: treteAr X .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 A_ Z"AL F STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO - . - i -k? - - 143 st ?oXmrn4r SOLUION FOR T. isstir or T COSr) M-OP P4%ai H* Doll Protessoz? of Industril Relatieos,?versityt or bi Autor, "Real Wages in the U eit e s The The.,ory ot WVs. Y)E * YX)tDIA3t Ladie s a nt gentRle on. I havee b o cf a v wry itious subject: "A Po"ible Solution -t the Issuc of the Closcd Shop. I th at you a lt all le g at with feys of vonder as a pen on with t o intelleotsi restraint to von. t upon uch a topic s" this, I , h owever, tint you will bwar wt m Grtatly, ow; ot the west important issues In the fI kid oa 1br re,lations upon which men an wann of good will divide, is tint of t oled losed shop, Those favorable to unionim oomily argu th the closod sobp is neessary in order to tensur genuineu colectivet It e e msP., loyver t ee- to hire non-union wu, then it is contened, they will upon on pretxt or another gy drop tbea "tive union mn or re- place them by non-tntiniste. What es one a union shop will, it is contended, sooner or latr.r oeas to be such, When the ptr- cntage of active union ehas been geatly re-duced an tbat of th-- non-unionits built up, then it is aid, the employers, who tend to t collective b1szng merely because it is foreed upon them, viII tool ftre not to reofev the on contraats, in the struggle vhich ensues the employer viii, it is alleged, have the strategic adv aa te te fisal sults will be n-uion sbops whieh In ret oaes will be closed to unon men. It UP STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SA.N FRANCISCO l144 t"?W'h''i''tO'n f "- argw't'd tMat thc.- clcx shop is n c.cessary to buttress awV te rwotect th' 7x; tn*e of eOIICCt?v( bardas3 Tbv e lor, re are, likely to object to2 ths tMt tho- se; arc A>~La; sua.:ion's that thc3y vouAd Ac try to tat' such an ffle ?fazr advant of the unionists siUOts they art not opposed to cOiftetive n in asuch, but mely to tflr c-osed shom6 5Tc thisw the wdvocates of unionism arc likcly to c te same8 repl as JtW !ni itab1 lr. Do Ilcy is o e*,d to have e in hisMe smVl:n on y Rad" in nj city of COh o when hie frintd Am. tn ss , s ilarly protost-di that b s opeabsbopTn-rp in y> rrnshum sa they agr t 1r one iv p rly conducted. To this rolc y ec( -torted, 'S i p_ Pro ps Y coi Netod, A n th ere WV &afl' AW bov woAld they have conucted? No strikes; no| meoontnctvs,, non soa1les. bazrily y ,ages an' d tdew kMtarimb rs ' Nov lvt uo tat the cas of tu oap ats of tbe closod c,yr icnt(?M that this pnotioc violates the tieienta)l rights c? both the employrs sa the itlividual vorkers ae nWr]t jy restriets the libertiens of each. it is aid that it the ru3mployer ts compe1ld to aceept thc- olosd 1slwp ho is virtually placed at the wercy ot thn uon an their ottioiats. It is t ared that In practioe his rZght to dis c tfor inettioionoy will it4he,r b seriously red or abrogated Inefficien(t men, it is o d, can be kept on the, job plant discipline ruined Ono. the por of the union is, fastcnd upon th employ era it is alleged tint restrictiv, paticee and tf rdxd STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO I _. - r A 145 r>,'u 2t E t z i l t b e I se d w h c v i i i b e d e s > t o C r a e jobs as 7xossiblo*sod give securit to tboset vbc wish to work fovy~, Wild-cat strikes ca stsfl over ir oieva as ed diw "upt. nrCi4 ston the t i" st O S (5fl > soo8t-tree It is ohsrgod t union offieals,1 hboever well intentioned,, t be .eroeted to crntrl or discipline their nwmbos wben they over | step decent limlts because thby depend the votes of these m' wrs for coat D. in offi ce or election to h r Posts ?hosf L?ad rsr wo do, try to bold the itS am! tle to respo si bulity for high output an steady work are quickly labled 8as "eo stooges e am are foed out of office, They art roe| plae,d by others who tend, to becowe dd gti defeners of mi-| vidual workers, w th r r g t o w o g It is thus argued that the closed s an l u ring of businass iitiative a affi c Tbe cexprienc of %ni/aM, Australas New Zea is frequently cited Lu su zt or this a at. In these cowntris the oeshop is, widespread aM at the a ttw- the gemnt pe of vo$z* is bet yend question slower than it is in tbe United 8Mtc,,st It is furtho re. oted that i]ividia rights ar viol atct when in are leld to join a uion vhc they do not vis to (dC at4 Whlc in the pat,, multitudes of men have retfaind fro J i o becauso of their tear that if they did they would be tired or discriinteds k t, it is n-verUthlies tr.*ue- that th re arc others wbo nacientiously do not wish to join specifto imon and acm who are opposed to uions as quch6 STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO Thus vAwe.. -n r ybeTlhle tbt t1e xpoica aW leadoi5Pship of a 0nif bms fr 1 "t an tMt they should kPep out. MTh: e | fWS-SFgtlP with Speei@ 411io?os, auoh as the 1age pi'ov P.colv cu abop pmetioes off tbr:; mien a t vrish to eup,':zt th t-a kbj dues They thinBk tMt3t th, union is oitbe too toio-t o nt (tmSW e-ough In tim&, of str~ikes. TWhey may disi4 .?&e utlt the polltiosl orientation of their spcifi to am as stur1y Ropublica object to tbe union a4ing thi De-wrats o' vte wfaa.. It by WVill ooe th mc d b attli| vi4th Goma&t 1vade9rhip and used to favor the tO2,An policy Of Stoviet assia, it vou1ld be natu'sl for 1. al A'rio tto object and not visbh to give It aid od oort. ?inaUly, t* e; ar,e those: vno obJect to unionis a a*i titution, oveNa when |pugd of its abuses, and still otber rugged irivlAmastis and low, `l?vc- vtb am st1tuticnally t ipathetlc to gromp action of kmy' kind st is wgui.dA, t1u,tore,, that it is at owe unftir and a viclation of civi1 libicrties to cope-1 thee mn to -join a union inst their Vill. If a union is PC-ally sto lful as -its sup** te a e nd, i it is asked t it dcpem) for ite it " bershShp upon the voluntary choices of the vor ratethr ta ulpon coeaiOnP If a givn v wibhes to resist the8 levoll p18. of uic>imiosn?, ad prefers to rcmmin outside and foriego its becrTits. should he not be at librt to do so? It should, 3morover, be recog that the rr ar.- also we ;.-rz who, while perectly villng to join a union t mlvvV, I. STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO I. l (1( ne-t van to bar the closed top ataec? upon a, 4ant O. tIrOsutrty fvy, tor e Ic^ fear thit if the 6f , |n hires aen retc ve-rd to, tbeu by tbe mioe oticv brf |discrtr1nInV ad inst by the on le.niaders wh may instead givo th, jfrbs tQ. thir irronl tfavorites sa aprt,ers, Twy y I l ?%a r.Ax that the nic>n Will ot turnish them vt th a iaei".:t s)ro teotion asait ictie ad unjust xpu41sion, in such an < voat, with the closed b in ettee, loo of watberohip In thk union mean at the toat,0 loss ot onle ' jobo It divi th- eos18d bhop w ere lsua e * thisa vwoul,d mesa t C the kXPelc woued Cind it a t ilrssibk, to gct wrk re - 7.isa laus try and cmtremeIy dittoult to gen&t ay Job at all, -t would bc 13u- th k roked wn of early teafel times who Ma wherem to attach themselves er who woud up as the retainors oc the lord a, the n ani the. ptessionl ccWottier*2, Tre ar:-, also ardent onits wbo believe that onism wtfl atroger al rf- virile if it is eed pury on th- volul?ntar rabership of am W join fromn their oaabtes, SU ,,~n t 's said, will take a grater interest in union affairo than will ifdt'ernt or sllen workers whe arc, oorexcd ints Jo. flg an whoQ then t-ad to foateat theistIve-s with payfl dUfwts (or having h sc ked oft -from their pay) but who seldom attV*td meating or vote. ri.nny, tbhre ar. sor philosophlcallyw di vor-rr win favor unionism a a eowttorpoiso, to th- power f y but wh, do not Want it to become over averngy 6 t STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO -I .- I 1. lISPS Yr - t W e;s: et h r( aiaso n w el11 t v a rt wr a vith" In tt eunion nww t tGSelt who, whle belt wing in collective b &ining3 d(lo not that this oul wiith It the clesc d str. 3it theev n arc eAther In the rity vit the .ri5or t ar about enrc a tIWIL din an tr-ilectual cii to which is hostflc to tbefr opinlsms. The reply of the advocates of the closed p to tho-se ob- 3ecttons cuatonrfly tak es th to of (1) depre@atitrg the ossibhe abues which the cloerd sbop entails ar (2) intaInig that n who profit frstm the wrk of an a tion have tbe obligation to belon to a help rt it. To a con. tsdcnrstion of this second point,, I nw turn., Th advocates of the- closed op point out tint onto prtects all workert Int apricious a just d sad discepline by g nnt; that it a uoubtedly reduced the of work ad that it increass the rates of those employed. W1fbO it iis aske should wn profit as workers from the ga sl ye-t refuse to Supp q-.r te .- -tion which boos t th em about? To' perw mit mcin to do so, ,uit tis otea]cd, allow them to reap without coost what others have sown with sacrif io and effort, TPis voul f itter the true-blue believere in nionism aW lead to straied reltion withthe At thw $ tlw A the tact tbint the. zowunimoanits, could g-et mt of the material advauw" tens of uionism without any of its costs, voul4 iwuce tZk9 s to do lkew These men_ it Is pointed out, would thon begin to drop out of the on am t c vould soon diastw. STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO d. ---- 149 Ju:st ae the political statcb fnn] ?t neoess to levy citise th; to .lt h * ol-s t y not bay , chfl. rn W thei cnm to f.vjuqte or r may not believe in publi ecbo I 'Aucatien itself, so it is s ," the- bunions of uionlsm shu,id be similarly bshaed. In t cx? o ar, wrcreover, nearly all countries have discared the volunteer ;wthod o rain an! bave to require iflitary setrvie or its eqmtnlnt from a7YprcpriatQ adult n en irespectiv of the;,t personAl desfres an ov,8n te cientionas s ples of thooe who do nt wish to give It. Great Britain en] tiv filttd States vnr. In this last quite genroux in their treatment of the Sonsientico objector, but Mw properly Iisted tint if these mae to be sined from violating their scruples t the of lIfo they si at the le"t, be compelled to rouler equiwlent peaceful serviec to th nation, The, havo , bowever, found tint the- purely volun- tmet sytem does not produce sufficient men to till the armies a t: defedM the country a tint to usc- it concentrates the - ties u the' bravet st tme]fisb of th trout h ith a o s,equent adverse selective effect uxpn th ty the nt gew 'ration. TheLy, therefore, have adopteod eoMlnry mwilitary sebrvie in time5 of peat ati emrgeny as the best me of | cmpUlling the y,0 the selfish mthe ifteret to do their elar' in helping to defcnd the nation vbich in tur protecats Turnin to othr historical es, ecrs of Thn3aIL STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO [ -I - _- 150 PI ii,i' C)vill wto ii i UMbr hr startt-x soe teo ri,Untary *ooprzttivte V in ti1adIa tor polioig p to h4tat AIV tr es,$ to weep at tihe streets a S iar ly ztudltee ct> &atrioa Sidney Webb on tbe evolution of Britis 1.cal gwer at a these ions togetber with the act u al conwtruction of h etc., staf*ld on a voluntara In li%,' d ai toulty with a1l such a-tomts is obvious The patrolmen tcrmd it d to IiKpu te whether the citizen helms at atdb the tootpd wa really a mc r of tbe coperative,a d itioult to withol id tzd m i he were net T tTirc' toun it ridiculous to retue to put out a tire In the bc ft a noni-wnrer or to drive a with him for metenhip as his house was buwnIz down. In order to protect their o wn bner- from the ad ot the s, they lad to try to put oJut the tires at their isoiuce S3l aarly, the street by nigt like tho etm by day, their bawupon noneewsers a bers alike thu latter tou] themselves compelled to for the aid which was given to the foruor, The result ws that in all of thsee 0e, the work of the voluntary poratiwes w ten evwr by th- local goreat Ii then levicd compulsory taxes to pay for the cost of wat f or the general beneftt4. sC, it is argued, should the expenses tl protective o sfltiona for labor be bomr by all labor not merely by the met idcaliStio ad "ef-sa critieiag Thc opponents of the. c0losed shop onter the force f this aloD by declaring that it ba no- to do viti; th e STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO I. -I - I _- 151 They arnezt that th,- t&t isg tW only o satiom, in libc rty hLOt t31iM X Sg' 1 w ( G X te> l-oving rations, wh1aic is given lory pmcmrs * It czxeroises the0. ,mrs- for see which the Jority avgc to be in the Tmblte interests. aut s give, to eiV soicetiev sod of > 5t(; of AZ to h thr,e p W tP tO oO ld e sith em pl y r vbhctt Vill tone other men t their will to join thcss bod+i is violating, it is id the fualmetalI rlht of atn ividual to dc-ide for hic to tc hich if aa, he vishos to be,- long,. If such *wnta ca bce e to force men 3nto mnions, cannt they be similarly ade to 0oo &l Sefl to belong tc) one churchl o tn sl o36f m tion one poLitical Party? At tbis pontt it would be wel1 to l teer 1 te Coel PeNrrhps ho been to Sitoato that the closed shop is an lssue. up= vhi*h gote can disagree over which,, n iinpcliA by conflicting ecnInt1erests, t y m violently II Before tuning to a possible reoonciliAtion of those oppo- site sets of value san interests, it is prtaps appropriate to| discuss briefy t\he o es hich baw, been introduccAd b tkhe ktioaLb r Relations Act also to r3 'vicv various devices | which have been developed to soften the t of the closed shop. There vould seem to be Little doubt that the Wagr Act has * - t weakened the cae for the closed shop. By its outlawing of certain specified Ut labor pt' t., act thrcv STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO- 152 I3rptatzt >a ? proteotionts & V(Alri im on mex a' p ard activit y yr 0 whe absent, an to fly, were used to ti Just the estabw I flwrnt of th6 clo sed thr: act pWovi4CB that it is _ Iaetr pmactioc tor an employrt: (1) -to intertere vith, restnin, or coerce exployees4 In ;V xecse a their right to u oaise in coll otivctlyj (2) to enonegeor die umemebrsshipi in amy labor oro. tion by "discr ticon -in r t.o him- or tenure at epil owt or any term or coodition of employer." t it can be prved tint a ualon me been diserox ted tOst becaus(e at thse sre"ons, th- Natioi Lt aor Relations Board can order his reinstate sadS :nid d es equal to thl- ve he h sb lost. The employers, threore,, t lcp.lly tse. th:cir poer of disobaise to break up a unon. Sc they r not able to tire union men In the first place because of their aon aetivityo, then why ist now necessary to provile throwh the closed shop that thase men ut be replaced by other inists? Ms not the s re"on for the closed p therefore n re- While ther is sowe force to this conention, it would Secc to be tonly partl ly true. For In tbe tint place th v *aa cn only sift out ear deal with the ret obviou oaes of disor tory dise e, There is & fine art to getting rid of men v ow dislikes saod swt eaploytrs and -e a r p be expert practitionrer of this art Unionists c be dropped fo STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANC5ISrCo r 7 .- I 1. 153 minir tntzntio of rulco which wmfld pass unaitioed it c l t br &s anti-unionist, In lut1 , te noa orwist ?t ec rayattain, a he- at of pera l m pouctive, virtue to.e wcli th non-unionit vo trs a pe. .4 --coM point is oofeotod with l caused by sae or cyclical declince in buIns. At such times it is easy for the mployers, unless rostral by otb3r ruks, to pay off old soores Sk rd aopit future dngers by oneentrat the My- off s from a g th astir unon sa, T esecaly to d teot aWa to pr evnt when alar0ge mr arc being laiO oft .tis toaenacy can ieed h, beboekd by the introduction of sctor thy ystexs and thi is pertaps th c hict drivg force behind| the ustabliset f such stos. Tht so ftr as my observation goses, the imtroduction of seniority stens gnerally, altough t no; moan untiversafly, follows the establs at otthe close ab sad is a fufr estation of ireang mon cotrol, It is doubtful If seniority vold be widely adopted were unions to bte weak Aa it Ax b ne the prponents of the Icosed shop !nut to n'iceunions strong that they ist upon it. Wil-? the Wag At A ns therefore,, son irht oned the for the closed shep, it ins only done so In wart5 There is 8till danger ti ployers wuld be greatly tempted to le-t union men out if they could rNplace them with nono-unionists it is also probable tint this oould be with suff ici ent subtlety as to escape prosecutio.| It thwa Ig r Act Ins aoe t wveakend th: a ats of the STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO3 154 n$f tb< lo d srp, certatn unditi-cations jr.t a m tu-t:ton aThnuld W ervotA , samcc ofr th objectilon of its c opO flr'flt?m it vs o er thirty i e yef a at t& e Intancf ef t lat. houts Dt els that tbl a us p c for thet vfow.m alte i* iustry prvided t in hiring, union mae se&uai'i fb re rr Q bu tint % ployers ab afl bav r fr .Acw o? L otion as bet n rnw unionmmand another and l not be coniid to say list, wr boin to followm prscribed ozrder whatever." This Sve the employer greater freedom sa 4id not oblit him to hir(e everyorn vbom the uion sent. This rvisn has bwen widely copied in a rar of iadustries. It is often acco ed by a further proision tint if after a stated period ot tin, the ion is bc to provide a ntiseatory w tor an opening, the employer is then tree to hirc a non-union in recent years, a still further nUtf ietion been in- troduoed in the s prdct industries in, the tra of the so-*called "union shop. Bor, the employer in permitted to bhre_ ILflyoflr he wishes, whether n-unionist or onist It is mere- ly stipulated tbnt after & given period, the non-uninists are so Join the on if tlvy arc, to rctaLu their jobs, There is tstill another clssifiostion of closed sbops which outs across the previous differentiations* This is aco^rding as to whether the on dun are colleated by temon itsctC cor compulsorily deducted frm the of the vrozt?rs by th oemploys . A. Ib na A r L v~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~ ;sT 1Be 3et -. -o r3 STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCI SCO i 155 sod tt-h turni over en bloc to union. Thx latter torm lath Oic-ck eff system whi cb is in ott(-e t In co al and ceta otver idwustries. Fially, tboz? is the sooaw led Ruainte mrovisiton which th Nationl War Elbor &sdintroued as a = prtmisc durlug the var. This permits those who were not w of mion on a give date to cotinue ia their status am! still hold tAr jobs, But it also prnentis those who wre u ene~brs on a given date after a trastional "escape period" t res ipi from the uaLso or alottug tbeir p to apse While this decision respected the coseneticova objeetton of thou who were not or i l on mc*-bers, it prevented these who were. aledy r tre c i their minds a boud thou by their pat dcMision. Mhint. of m b p, therf;ore, v4 aitted these wbo alread bad t objectionw to uIonism to stay cituide of these o tiom e yet not be deprived of thleir Jobs. &ut it provided thaWit the uons prtected agant anyfuture bac idi on the part of tir rs. Taken a a whole, therefore, while these wodltications of the closd shop soften its iorf, thy do not t mental ter,, It is still a device whereby men, as a coOdi4* tion of obt&iniug, or re-tMnIng Pxmpoymnt are c lled to join or retrain from claving a alon, There is one fi1 observatlon which I should Iicc to beforos I turn to thwe onstructive part of my paper It is this STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 156 X t 4 <.t tion as to wv ether ot nt tbe c s sk l be put into ttffct Is now rimrfly ade -in lividual ones "acord- ing be t-Ahv ric lati atr t . ofr th- union a the e tvo'nw It 1-e ion can twvith ir'jhy-l4 V m iito tYa6-'eat of a st i e v en theu b the, w%1,rk cr s In ( @" "4 '0atfSe ' ox v a p , TX i u a ptl ant or or not deeply in its favor o yr t it dv dc is once e by union lcakea, th r" l, may fft&.-I o%bligated to walk out it it Is ntt trtd (a) because tW PsBd 6oisew is -molved with other to rsabout which tb-c vorkers arr deeply e:rd, or (b) becaust of lyalty to thc. gene sl cause of isle which they my fec I is invove-d, eueC. the issues narrqv cown to a tost of stregt. Wreor OflOc tWf strike is called, the union does not dpepd solely upon thelo. lt oyf th late wForkrs inolve.d, but it can call aISO cn the loyalties resources of workrs ealoyd. by other co iea sto se its will uon the cwleyer In question. it can do this (a) by having the 5t? ether workers at md mbers eo itr- butt' to the C t^l support of those out en strike, (b) by lag the picket l i with me*es ely recruited from out- saI( c an (c) using these outside monts to enforce secon- dary bytts t the pr %oducts tinted out by tht e i qat ion~ Iort myoften be possible,, the-.ref ore,, for taon leadelors by usg or tacitly twrtteatfliR) to use., thse me d to iSducc c ploycrs to yield on t losed hop i"wu despite thc faot tMt it not be desired by the me iatwdtly concerned. STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 157 .t W , :thev &r , It th Mion is C ti rt, "es ani in o%to ide oormeetion i-t f requently be- poasibt trr ttk,, c hye r to prev e nt the closed 01101) f com ing into be ?rrLt? t ; 5ih the a of t wor k f l into c . need for the 2r~Ycton idtch itt vUA give. in eth< vrr with the issue .. sir e it V. P.t I of te n d e n ie d htr h er (t h e t rn ke nee d an d 'B;t.I : ,e0Sbo 111 fZloqwut ;k:ls X a >t d 1 S J Y t t ' i t ot5 :te >-t f"t- rE>f tt N't IV A Po"ibls Reconofliation 1I Ibud nov-- like~ to make.~ a sugpstion which nay possibly ro v e "t h e sit s t io ti. T his i s t o t a k e Iss u e of th e elo s cd p out of the area of colleotive ing and e it ( e the dctermtntion em to whethetr the vorkers vent collective bar- gin,ing ald if so,* ) a co ition antecdont to 0o1- otive Sta- StedV briefly, it obts in le tting the workers tthenelves deide, i a fair election, whether or not they vant the closed shop. I b"ten to add that this gestion is in no wose origial with an. So far a I fy it was firt Sa ced by Hr. 5u . yerr, th rienced th man of the Nw York State o of Medtica, who desers a great deal of redit o his Io " other matters.I There is srmd precedent for this step In the dew Vpwcnt which the WV r Act effected in the field of repson%tat ion. STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 158- ?"et tc it vi practi eetfr cE-pIoyEPB to a), t4s' bt kin collretivew vitb those, b a t to r."prescnt thefteremv process, Sixth, decision by a majority vote would seem the only equl able method . Tis is the method rhich we us In political demw, oracy anY to require wre tan this wuMld be t give to of a ty a g tw u than toec of a majority., Seventh, it vould beat to have vuch a decision e once a tlor wall For it the warters vote th closed shp into beinu*, abues may develop in its operation vtioh may u&; t -mployees to their mins., The doorou not be closeod to such a possible of opinion,, lectors sobuld n nre2 givcn the pover to rotc for & .J-.rpetia oloeId shop than t vte STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCisCO - Pr' gidrut tfOr lie. Cnowenc1y, th- vrkcrs xPght turn !rvn s. aciosA-d s)hp at on,;, prod, but later, on te bis t 6 z:-w QZPE.' p e nor beccr co eonvined t?at It would bef dhsinblc. ,J !ZA ju g t, tbam~ a Iu d be given tinat P cor,s,, te e eV,1o-lattcna ould not all vod to occur t( tr.qwrntLy as to keip a plant or pa in a rntinucu L o>t1 om ctri u * h hicT tu o i stry is nt tc Voi d 'Lotion tfr the delight of the p*XtiQipants, but to got on witt th Jt of productio nt. I voul4 tet, therfores, tint tb^ rct'pez$n shoab-Duld not be held sone t in once every toUr Ti's axt then oly at the rvsw:Pt at either pnrty, This will k bothi sides watch thir stup a be mor on to. p-revcizt possible abuses from developing tin Itf aving once von an .eotion, they were to bin pncr toreverzw,r. rs7 hth, a pressi issue is t shoul be the unit flor voting. In view of the fat that conviction zuy vary vidc ly between pleats and es, it would sect uuviso to let thdis itsut be decided on fl imtiatry-wide b"is al tbt itead the| uit sbould not be broader the the *w or at most a clzVast of aop em tmder unfied oontrol and ruta This is wit out prejudice to the possibility tt it y be, desirable in matters of v s, hours a other worklng cod-ition to lev in dustryvide I Ninth, a very t I issue is whether any such referrrdi is to appl-y to concerns which do not now hat the olosed sobp or wheth-r the issue. mu be openaxi up efresh in I- STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO -I I .13 ;iWm this is ai r established, To tir dego$that the Unixin ocm,, to favor such plan at all, they will obviously ttm v ant only the torwr of these <rnativcs, Fort * nai?t thm to boldv t the, h.av- sIr obtaiwne tbrob acl rvtive s. by xtrikrsa to expd their are ot oontroi tEro;b nPop prices the a which the public vants Jwt as existing t es, doctors and enshroud not bav t ove r tc' dctextint how wn should eater their oc*upatioa, nor bust- nesissen the pmer a to bar ompetit , so workeC0S not a the power to look the pte on qualifiod n who wisb to eater,, As is vofl kwn, there are so: =mon wth I Xrest$t antzw -into their byoe or zwre of the. follw- ing mtlxthos (a) by imosing outriijt Prohibition upon on-, tnncc or nrrcowly restricting it; (b) by requ-irin the ow i of- ol i tation tees; ( b) requiring a pericAfl- of ap atles-hip apprecibly I r than that which is required to learn the trae or the tasko rcquire d; (I) by STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPAN-MY SAN FRANCISCO C. - 1(54 I i 1- ;LiitinS the w r c' appz' atoeus so lgid4l tint ot e g '~icrz'ts arprovidl(d to ret the do e of th public tor prom. ducets at cc etitive prcsI Thc if -rayt of th'11c nbl amrq? nts can b pr,vent '10 by an outribgt prhibiltion T others are tr more diftt$ul tc, deTine an5 to rg: to. Certainly tiation tes ata o P $25I kIY) aM even mr than this ar imreasnbl a should ne,t hK aflove'd While it is to;, pick out a dfinite figur a the? i ivid ing line?t. as bet wiat is ra c"l ] "ureaso vable, iz the mttor cf' iitVSSt?Cio toese, I anifllf4 to b-liaev that roug 5ustieu would bc dow ti g the ttion tr,N. to be, b by a union at ay lat $25 So tar as I Mwv. there are t?w unions in thc =as production iutries which nw obagC inor,., thiLu this the,@ iposition of such a Et would mrov-c.nt thosci, an In the it mre difficult t?oz later roaer tfei.nterI tzther protectitc which in Jd talc beM trludet ts to prvide that no on uld denied entwsncu into a uion be-auact of c, color, religion or sex, As is ve 11 3 sai ettrational umion bar weoes explicitly from memberhip in other caes this is done by the lo Onc unios In o*thr cases thi is den ot byr tonal rule, but by accepted if in- tormal practice and by "gtlemen's ae In oew utons alsc. it Is prbbleb p that person of other races religgioni at tinms denied entrance, Ther is also a fairly ifrequ i t di- | crimiat Ion ait womn as such. STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 165, 1 Ti Lr,6 tn xv Juiav:nt, ipsoibl- to. Justtt~y ouch discr3i Urton in a ed-aoray vhitoh doxos mt bcltlvi: in divmidg its b intr:; o3ttizcn3ef I7 fet!-rent res, -o3r the clo seap, it | nns in eonsidenbls, era bar 5 aUt? Sn t fro shj: tktcy distinctly lit the euat op tmitWs o th'of vs p tbhoz at a gnvc:. e.;:Oacmi antege If uont ar| - allve1to tozpdat theirnership by intalw1 thewwitixis they should not be wprstted to reatriot their membership by ei- oling vorkres beause of , igion or sex. As a tter of factJ this is forbiden by the State Labo Re lati Act of t yivania sad by the SUta Far T'mploynt P notices Aets of Ncv York am! Nw Jersey. There a?c abuses conncted with the apprenticeship Vcqruiv m|tnts or union Thesze ar- , however, confined to only a minority c)f th skillct a cc!t l-r in a ew a ther inUs- tries affe*ting interstate | trc. Codition vary so g ly btwen th *rafts as regars (a) thi r of jobs a worker sfruiaLc ter, (b) the le of t needed to learn each job prc?rrIY sal (a) the ?r of workers required tint it would I bnlicvv, be foolish to attempt to fix the ywoptr limits by statute' or oven by nstratiVe ruling Thu task of ter any such provisions fo r rofe,xea will. 'b d ifficut e cven at best ari it would serem uwise to overloed the admnstrativ, body with such a variety of perplez- tug tasks for which It VIII qUickly bave to fit defitive(> ia ver *. A great st(p forward vill be e it the outright STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO r proh ibition or ozplicit limitatiOn of entnaec bepohb tcgrt W r v it ha, thW el ind ti o n of & ne iv n itIAtiO ? 0 e A sseond basic coaditi.Ion shbold be to prvde some im- pa til review ot cases of exjam lsoa from unOns operatin inter these closed sobp p isions. $ like the Internationa al phal Union carefully safeguard the rights of tbeir weters matter. There are other talns, wctver w I avte be ot *fof idl eases a have! ben able to gi8e, pave abuses bave courred. Thbse in- staos of abuse seldom t their way late the Iltenture of ti o os, but they are no len weal. bate been vietXi ied beause. they bave hoetly opposod the policsis tf officers in eo the unions sd o expelled, lava found it difft- cult to Obtain ewploymet. The panting by the state to the unions of tW rigbt to requre ion rp o the uniling if it be approved by a majority tote would be & further -at of po -er b the state which would make of u i me mre q uasI public bodies than they w are,: It is a t both of ethic and c,t law, however, tbnt n pr"ons or titutions should have rights wit otesp g duties or privileges without oa_n suratc respomnbflities, Men who Join a union inter thes o o taneesshould be protected P t capricious or uJust expulsion by ton just w st a mucJh asdsobLe by their eitplover for taon or oolleitive ining activitis.#7 Sucb a o should be directly forbidden by law and somw or ttf neoess&rysaf-guards should be, spllet out in tW act itsclf STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY !SAN FRANCISCO I. - 168 Sci gt st udcitle th( pr'vwiioz that (a) the C s inst eaWw-!x r sbould V fstated in vritl, (b) the & edmM person S&ru be thl r V to aPPear in his OVA defense, te e - r sai; across YitreaaQ$ (3) it to guilty, tbe atou A sbould have thk right of appeal to r unon bodi ,inctur lng th. international officislse (d) he. sould also bai th- righ to ap l to 1 e1 presenuttives Of the htionl Le,b Relation r State labor Ecrds, or suh body ast the att The costs of such appeals d4 of coure, be kept ve3ry low and every efrn rt fld to swttle a ls qutakly flit question Well b- rwised If certain other nsa- tory protection not also be iatrfoduced into any such lav, Azwng these possible provisions mht b- (a) a requirement that the on itself st bold periodic az seoret elections at 031CC eYeVy tour ran, (b) tint loal, district atntional uniom an t>finnil statonat to their wtbers as to the asot m gen l 3attr of the receipts expnditures during the given yea,rs TitHro 1n little doubt tint m?s take mDre steps to va?d reform In these lilne, Whether they should be required to c,t(tet suh t d ca as a prelrquisite for hav thw Privilege o avi the closed shop mde subject to the results of a rotere ndu is, hwever, a moot pointo Th- rye tact that te orkrer w1ll have- theright to vote on a closed sbop a!to reject it it they do not likc the union in quest on1 vill force thl unons to do som housecleasing in order to gain votes. It this can bi STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO - 0 1 1 w1 i? A1W6 done voluntarily, so much the better since it vill trce the geTs r,Pwrntal suipervisory body from an added sltn-tivec load. 3ut if sufficint rtfennr is not ffetea-d in tblts r. vit a idceen't interval of tim, t serious tlxxght should at l.east b given as to tether this au not be required by law.O It will Ka "akud o eourse, ift the ucion shoulb not lsAo he,- nkc4d to forego the i osition of restrictive* rulb,~s and pn"'c- tices or tat is po ul y kan as "trathcru.beddiu. Theerc is little doubt tint ther> arc sonc a abuses, It is hity det 8 inbk that these bE romoved* The subject is,, hoever, so C - PUnItdat d it is so Rend to detizithat are "reasonble" z ist ftmrctseznbbo" restrictionx, tint it would not seem vise; to Include them In the propesed act, It is important not to over- burden the 4 trtive sehinery not all abuses can b1 removed at aa7 one time. Gross 83$ enable rstrictios, partularly wh i e the titian of prices, can attl be prosecuted iner t Shhen tt " asdwas doe when Arnold w in e f this work, Perbaps it would b well to leave the sitter In t status tor a period uatil it is aeo|n whether the situation is be in le up, YI A 1ast Word I a aware tint the seaots on both sides of this issue of the closed shop of unionim in general will probably we this proposal a subterf iab avods a decision on tbr" re tiwo merits of timion sax! t losedb s* op asT STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO - i i 1. 170 tie : . ziaoxnism -ssentiafly vil n a sits ofects upon pro 'uctI na an upon the re atiti nshi betwen enp1oycrsa workex wbelieve that inier or a:iro t es , should a MD be Zfcmrf?A, t"o Jotn a private association againat his will, a &ikem to rtjeet to letting such & mOraI issue be' docid(c by a majority vts-f vt tW' worke,rs Pe These a en, onm is itscl Bernta cvii which should be -a out en ipf thei vorkers want to cxtcnd It, no aO e should ber =We Tlv: morc eztreawz advocates of unonUim the closed SW may take. a silar position, Bcelieving ifly in the rihteOUsw| nose of tivAr cane, they are likely to believe that unionim is "good" for a orkers, irro$espctive of whe.thr the woflcrs thcme $c]Sc s believcrz it to be 3or not. Ts shool may, therefor, favor the zory extoztwon of the closed shop by eolcctivc inir g or legal enatment and aoonz pro4es er hic iork;3rs exposerd to o lag pO &, mstKz decide t them. There may also be unionists who will that tIe condlxi t ions whi I have' attached ar too on'rous. ttt, for o will probably not want the princpli of the referendum applied to thos, plants whic already heave t closed sbop since they te tearful that tnev such a- asntuonism will lose- mre Ith it will gain. They mya0 oppose "actn by the state in keepig the alons open" aod in protesting th members nsta unjust tpulsioa. They my, therefore,, regard tie practical pric Of thc -se conditiom s at for any benwfits which ions STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO Conv& -rc: thwere my be m eployers vlz tb v t vill havr a better pnotil toe overtrow the closed shop thrf-pmo st&tta national legislation torbfiddig it t to tb, e of Mvg it voted in " well as out by the* woi$cr Both my, thoretor A, on principle- in pctie?,, reje.ct the mwthod of p r beic as the advocates oPppoc of slavery finafly ear to reject the doctrine of "sqntter sowa rfeigty" advanced between 18*8 an 1860 by Lis Cuss on ari by Stephe A . l C to ake aYc local issu u. der vhict the -hitants of a territory eould de.- dide for th-emslves by majority vote whether or not t ould per-it tb1:; matitution of slavery within their bormen. The Southern advoatets of slavery and their NJrthen allies wer not content with this, T anted to extend slavery into the terri tories ev)en tb the nb nts did not want it an ftinily they le pis-d their position through tbhe Dred Scott decision Indeed, uw of te wanted to e xted slavery s a nationa in- stitution Into the ee state themselve-s a as evidenced in boast of Senator T , of Georgia, that he intended to llt mrll o his s foC the toot of Rsr Bill * On the otber Linoln a his ollovers wanted to prevent,, by nati1 ation, the sprading o slavery into the territrtore the extrme abolitionsts, suat u Jobn , wanted to fre th sslaves in tho Southern Statesa er thu terrific pressm- of these conflicti fores, the attempt by Dougls aM hi STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO , At) r? i. ., 'j. t4 9 172 tc4lcir n to' tocalise the probVdt by lett gt4c territories ( a Gi trw vth' 4ns defeated.' . fyet rit is pc sitU b1rble. to, ask,, as Geoe Fort M1ltOn, Avery Craven, ad J.G. all bar; doerz, whethr the pro of Dk,oglas a nt ao ter all wiser tin it h s c med. Beause-' th ?.xtatists on both sides would not lt it operat., vw got to Civil War, which Dougla was tring to avoid This war freed t slave-s whic was a groat thcal gai,an it preserved the Uno but It did so at a terPrrific cost in ltife,, hardship, a bitt m,ess be-tween st ections which even nwe, aftr t?v pta of nearly a oentur7, is still acuteu And whle- the Negres bhave 'tren fred thd ty r still grievously ssed politically, ecsnially, an socallyv. It is, at le t, possible that we Oalft*o II&" =de norc, en zgpgres ifgm we had moved le-ss hsatily dr"sticaly. A et to do this, the extremists on both sides wo bave bad to maintain a patiencea a nod ratid0l which in petice i, t is hard for those with sharply differing ideologies to display. It is well to rewbr the sad, but trenht, diotut vblhi Justice Eolmea expressed In his faseinting correspondence with Sir FePderick Pollocki "As between two groups, each equally convinced with the righteouness of its own cane, I see no ulA tste atbitrsent but tfone*." Perhaps this is so, but if it is true, it m.an that inusast civil International war is the invItable consequence of sharp differexnes ofp opinion of moral judwamts'. I t s belier tht this is either ncosr STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 173. or desirablr in the Present Xt e T productivity of ths nttioa tar move portant an the issue ct the closed shop, Certainly thisis a far less presesig moral issue tban was slavery. It woul be a rt mstake to lot eurselves be torn apart by strikes to establish the closed a or by blanket legislative probibition of its exitence, Tbre] sexe to me to be somnd nrit, therefore, In r. Meyer' a proposal to lot the issue be decided plt plt am in the ti -.hcored democntic way of free elections. It is becauze of our froc, electionam o willig to aidde by the results that do not Rave reolution or the seroet police in thiS country, We have built up a political as by which moe issues can be9 s tted to the people and t r Jndpwat rcord w ead put into effect. Wef ave gone on the basis that as Jwuti Holmes once said, the "itest ct truth is its ability to establish itself in the competition at the mutt." tis competition should be treed from g misre-presentiation a o ercive force| but oan we not trust in the essntial firess of men wn given the facts awl the s to vimiow out the truth rom e.rror? -en an us which depen upon gettinte pencut a oval oT the voters have to purge themselves of. gros abuses in order ci orirvive, Public opion operates to keep our political parties eoiblXtively decent. If to expr1es itself,, it voul,, I thik, en f wof its abutses a help futher to protest t1hvh idividial vorlwrs frou bei Victi d by their STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO - i _ i mbot wno tend to be ipeat with t;at the lawyes" tins prcedunl satters san!to be tar ore lxtereste4 teS, in sutantive isues. Only tin ltter seem to the to hav vitlity1. put " tiu nes anmen wa older, it ipon tien tnt a gr at prt ofu p-asrs been sde th tnnstms substantive issues of conflict into accepted attor ot pnedtwe. For it Is i td e wq that society P fully disposes of issues which, it not so M aled, vould tear it a*art, fly there not be a wnl gUide tor aoton i this .. L o! applsisev STENOTYPE REPOIRTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO '174 '-75 CRAI3Q01W:rLU , Dr. Do w ant to you for a Pn rtrating analysis et a ewry oomplexz problen. ~ho diseussion will be continaed by Rrw Jobn Pi. helley zeIsident of the Ban Pxr'aigoo Labor Gomnall ... Applaue: President,, San Prscisoo Labor CoScil. rs b J Fri-eds My I add my dation aM! omplimueta to the very tho thtuls well pri;pared pap:r presented by Professor Dou . It Certaily indicates a teat deal of tboujht on the subeaet, I say that with a gret dfeal Of sinerity " one who is a very ardet a stron pio of the *losed shop. I wat eto sttwt out b datt;g tbat themre amc &buscs to the closed ; tl*t tbere are personain position of ldesi In Uebor vho do not do tle rjt . I vant to say that Labor is not any wre perteet tban e t or thV ay Indi i vidual in Labor who assmes a position of leMership is to bpe cxw poeted to 2 t Perfet boe in They azr subJect to the | himan frailties a everybody is, I also want to e t on the isosue that is quite often raised W tbose vho are, in u on bmble opinion, not motivatud b the best interests of society or by the idea of beg fair or just to their vorkers, but are really pointin Out the fev deti. icionies that exist in Laboxr a to try to give tho. iEpression STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO tol*^l \the n bi t D V. m Ous flu uw1toaifs. wILn MA.AM M. gnus s to e ?br amiS towthe ao spLatefato v*t Ma g S t3qs wiht - t the- _ "b* _S w"it t N'WS wn- vS -X"o "NW d As>* X eb *Wly1' wr to >sas Sqltmtf os wale Sw bt tbs fl .~trnmw W= 4* . hu orgs intleml. . us.., ..._^ thee intoaL. o a_tlt a_ _ _Si_I to a ,i eloAm le piE m ,? to war 0. the in : st IR ajt limi, St_ fllg-h pwwltin La tat asfl*int nwtflas the womistans t.Ibwr W_ass a* aflw*~ lbs .uAavw toIfl be withal tirjtwteves rany STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO I. 177 arorict! oY by Mesent to d ecinte the union ad pople were takcNn into ompl itt vith the undertadixg that they would not join the union, or It was very subtly ade to them that they would be better oft an better treated if they did not join the unon, As a protective steure (and every single to step that Labor has sade in its history has been protective steps tint tbhe felt wore necessary because of bard, bitter experienae) union then, in this comtry particularly, strted in to require that a clause be written into the contract that the people in mew. bers of the union, and that It the imon were nb to supply atisfactory help on the request of the employer, be could hire whosoever he wvised but they mut become re of the unio so that the brekdwm of th unon orp6nisatiot once. aeoomplish- ed oould be avoided,, The real strovg union does not e a closed shop. Tht Point w made s that point is true. There are unons in e istence ritt in thi area that do not need a alosed shop, do deman it, do not have it in their contract because they have able through a simple preference of employmnt 0cluse to keep up their relAtionship sal keep up their union But in sa d- tries where there is small epo ent or the workers are divided into various groups, the closed shop ha een necessary for the very existene of those union It would be fiwe it all the Pe sons on the tside of the table tlthse, on the labor STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO I k 178 si'T of the tablV wold a p o this prble vitbh the that Profesaor Douglas given to the paper hba presetetd this afternon'. Likt Gus Gaywro vrDo spoke, earlier, 1 arrive at oonclusions t some 12 or 13 years ot oxperience in the- tield, and eve-n right at the presont time I regret to say that there are some employers vho are mre hbperoritioal in their| attitudes towards dealig with their employees than they Y ae si cere, There are those ons vbi have struck tor a union s9hop whilh would give the employer the right to hire an person he isbh7d, whether in the union or out of the union, p=vidcd that they eventually becow, a ambe r of the union. There is no restri tion on his employmont, on the right to exploy; no requirement that he go to thv uon to hire perons ift he tolt that there nobody tbere out of work that he visbed, but i imply tlwing it wide openz And durin sow, yes pat tat has been refused, Pirst the fmployr said, VWoll, I 4o not vant to be required to hire Just frot union* Wbefhn uni have then backed off f that and said, "You can hire, vbo you rlsh but we don't want to ftid the situation entged ater we have o ted the workeors, they must join the UnDion,J then he obje ted to the nev people joining the union* During the War Labor Board period vhen the requirement for a olosed hbop wv very netly gotten arodor sidetracked by tb waintemane oft membership toxula,, with dwe reSard to thc ?fin9| caeftul thinking of Will Dsvis on the subject, ome ot the wev er unions vhich had been uable to achieve uion shops or closed STENOTYPE REPORTIN1G COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 179 s&fl% or such olatz or ay olauste ap of e-_ pltc'ym'nt relationship with the uion, even preferense oat ctploy meat to any Oxtent $ received lntoe of enployment deciions in a trdo the War labor B * A to ba out My chage that some employers are hypercritioal in thber public statements as t~o bow iterested they are in their employeest welfae, o a bhbold t of those employers rigt today are seeking to even take that avay from tbe employees to thLt protection was The average union doegs not mke an isue of the closd shop as the basis for a strike. It bis been done the yars,| but I a not rallof one wber9 that va the sole issue or has been the maor itsue in some years at, prior to the var period. lYsua1ly, it that is one of the issues other issues are satisfied and they are content or feel that the employer is not e on a of Ist the union or weS the union, they are satisfied to keep a relationmhip wtereby can build up on their effort. Where you do fed the issue on t1r closed shop a strike, Issue, they are Infrequent, you can always rest "aured, acordg to personal experience, that that aemloyer or that r of employers hs or have not ben | playing the gameIn dealg ith the on amd it wa their re-| que,sts again based upo the sane tp of thinking wtich bas the basis for the oigil demand for on shop or closed sbop. I am not prepared to sy at this tie that the formula pro- posed by Professor Donglas is the answr to the controversy over STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISQC tir; C1 4 shop question. There are, as he points out l ptoyers vwho jst resist ariy such relationship, an yet there ari employers also who have had closed shop relationships tar a. r of years, vw by their ow statement across the table and publicly late said they vould net surrender such a relationship vith the un-ion with vt" ic the bate had that relationship through the year. It has bought stability to their ow tuws- try, it ha been a source of gett better trained people, it been a source of onducti their personnel problem ofn a mh mere o i iliz last I do feel ts, one frm Labors that the period thro whch wev ar e gon at the present tiwm y not be a black as omc of us are inclined at times to view it, because the very fact that there is a conentratton on the entire Labor subject leds me, at times to thnk that tou tiht s beitg given tcg the entire field of labor relation out of which mny com a better uderstdng of the 'wole, thin Wlie hare in thigs ount gone tbrough, it is true, a period of trying each otber's stre out ad up until the onsactmet of the W qner, which certain people are tryins nw to m into oblition, there was no ex-| press policy in labor relations, I t k the tery ftact that the Aot is beig discussed so widely, its effectiveness or alleged ineffectiveness on the part at *s m that there is n ev thinking on the part of this relati p It is possible that as t1im goes by Labor itself (I sa this sinerely and I hope it will not be looked upon just a wvofl, because so much oft |ht I _ ___ STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPA NY SAN FRANCJSCC f18 A&-z4 v siWaid i is just lokc upon vorde I7 t>bo wh. nc had thc' pzactioal imight Vitli thc probls3) will be tcw,kc- Wpon genwrs1ly as fhrtf'o gbt obampion., in 8pitecof' its i:a' ticioUins at tV1J3s nd despit, th errors that na be eom- zittf-d by leaders in sow Loal Unions, tor a'c> th right of, the torkrrand that orgnizaticn to cxpcsa their cw ?.uob has been said at times about the uxe of tbE osed. asop tV f'ore a strike vithout ti-e vorkra bving thncfr s.a on it e I Icw that thc; gencral pmetic-a is not only having a votc of ff v-rkrer but baving a votr by secret hallot betorc: a strike is call ad having a vote, Of al of the vorkCrs in a particular oh oxL *u particular industry, The general Solution proposed by Pro- tegs-or Douglas may betX somthin to be- COmsideredo I c se-0 sor Comage in it b ecause of exporiencos vc have had with electi j tlv- Ist3 bie they were. used to deUa addelay a1 oreate cndl- l~e "4delay so that the serztimnt for the umion or the sentfr.ent kC'r a gIven request might be broken dowx, Th gneral thi on Labor'sa part justifyi the closed op w pointezd out again, and that is that it is certainly un-, fair, it is oortay unjust for a portion of the workers in a given industry to get the reward an get the benefit of the im | provmentt that are foght for an sccurl by the majority witho that rity paying their share of the load, It s been point.- ed out ti d again that we do not opergte that vay in our t systems or in the system for solving our social problems where w STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCIS C I 182 im,ose social semurity lavws uaexploywnt isurance lavw In such cases the taes axe distributed cqmlly by all wbo share in thc benefits, A3ay . point out a very definite example vhorc tre lck of any iv quirement to belong to the, on bews a problem asad in- dicates v labor insists on union ishop or closed shop Provision in contracts,, Persons emploed by the City and County of San FranisoGo (ad I have ad some experienee with this), persosm em- plo7ed by the State of Callfforna, whose vages working con- ditions are set by the legislative body, the State Legislature, in regard to State employees or by the Supervisors of the City County of San rancisco wben employees of that govermental organ2tstion arc involved--therea mnyunon in those fields. There are A.P, of L. unon, there are man AP.? of L. craft union, there are may CO uios, ad it is a strange thing how oftc:-n the sitution follows year after year0 It Vill come along towards budget time or every two y7ars under theiir various wage stabilixation acts and age standardization acts, vhrn the wari- ous departmt beads are g up the bugets for their employ-0 e-oz and the Pmploy7 a of the departmrnts will suddenly realixe that they are not goi to get very much osideration, tbat the consideration is being given to the taxpayer an the thiought is, v'L"tts keep the tax rate down," in spite of the faot that living costs my be go up Then they will look armd for a medium by which they can expregs their desires a employees, an they| Just do not have a mediu. They were in a on when they vent STENOTYPE REPORTINEi COMPANY SAN FRANCISCC r - - I i _ I 183 or.. th job or sbortly after they vent on the job, and beae the eH;e not have to contine in thc- unon they said, S'We1'l, I will | savo that dollar or doll ar &d a bIl a 1Rthnd I wvill eta7 out th. uon. 1 Thfn therl?e was a gr,at rush bwk into the union and th*l union represerrt atives go in amd make the r esentat ion and tev argww?nts to the govermaental body and robably get sXcee mprovernt in the situation t t might have been aocorded before, And, very franly, some timn thereafter the brhip drops off agail and the unon struggles along with a minority membership,, That is a typical cxwmple of vhat exists today in a general way as to why labor wants nion sobp or olosfcd hp,, vhem th | meet the resistance of employer in private industry* The effort to outlaw the closed xhop, speaking from a per.r sonal oboeration,, I am sure vill not be successful because the mIultc the thing is written on the statute books there are those rmployers and those in gemet who will use the situation si ly to break dvwn the mon And it bas been the experience in two of the States that have bad the statutes outlawing the closed shop on their books long enobh Vw, judg from conversations I have had with men from those States in the past month or two,, that after a given period ament embarked on a pro to a great -xtont of either kno c awags down or not meeting the ri ing cost of living or taking away working onditions tht hav been grnted through the years * As a result , the workers in thm areas are becoming more and more embroiled and becoming just wil e:r about their sitvation than they bhve ever have befor STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO I -Il r - _ Ther'o are those, ain on both sides, who perhaps will neve hb oonverted to amy middle, approah to the problecz, one that vwli rmcognize the nveed of the workers,, the right of the vorkers, a nd one that will succeed in eliminating abusoe on both sides an on that Vill recognise ementt right.., But the tbhouts' that V- habve bad pesented on the iubject today vill protect the rights of the workers vill aid In the development of produc- tion of this country, CRAIRMA WTPT We are happy, Mr. Shelley, that you coul stay vith u.s, Continug the disussion, re shall call on Mr, . ica|rd Lyden, Int-erational Representative, Interntional ILongshorement s and 'Tawehousew'n' Union. Mr. Lyde|nt RItO AR Interntional Representative, Inteati0 LTnt u WavhoUS Owen ion (010) MR. LLa dies a geatlemen. I find elf' in vhole hearted a*cord vith Jaek Sbelley who just spoke to youo I fia | mysel0f not in di ement vith Professor Dou in tbe presen- tation that he made hrer today in respect to at least the fiml proposal that he made, which is that perhaps it vould be good thing to havo a reforez1dw before a closed shop vere ntd to orkers. I -say I find nelt not In disaement vith that proposal, but I am not in disagreemnt vith him because it i rsses me a | STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 185 broig sowfthing tbat most cawest labor leaders seek They seek to establish dvo>oy within their uion st'iaturx'e, aod uilI the,r find themselves in oontiit with cmployesPzre iseoiy over t1he qucetoen how thoy about asserting a demoratit rigbt, b have bhr the experion otf bavizM organized a of rkers who bad paid their initiation tee,*p I dues for a penT qO a -year. We vent throug a National Labor Relations Board election, The sajority,o miz you, had mid dues iito e union fcr a period of a year. When the f vote was tallied, we lost the eleotion ow rlwl-MIfgl We lost it because. on the d&a thiLt the election wa held t employer went out the vorksf er, sde them promie,, bribed certain of the, orkers, that he would pay them Inre.ased wages.8 As I sayJ the mtult Was that lost the election. MY own tmion is the W&arhouse Union, vhich is part of the Unilon that is best knovn as '1ary Bridges' outfit" arouv th| Bay Area. The Warhous1e Union bas 18J,000 embers in the Bay AnLr.a We have a system of demecay based upon the idea that tbo- 18,000 mboers shbould all participate in the living tabri of the Union. The way in which the.y participato is that they obligod to attend one membership wmetig a nth. In San | oisco usually we. have two meetinp in the Civic Auditorium, workers are obliged to attend oze of those meetiaps Tbere is fine imposed of $1.00 it they do wt attendw The workers tbeF| selves voted the finew They voted it by 6 to 1 on a reftrendum ballot, STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN4 FRANCIS-CE 1.86 '!-a' nc quarel rith the- P*iple of deMcz'ay, I do not think that that is the issue here The that on@erts m abo1x$ thio sess ion ia th tact thst I do not ftr1 bore a y ki of a dy=W1 a apvraeh to a problem that is e8asetla.1.jy a living Twoblcw. It involves a livg latielsip between employer &J workers It inivolves a question tof t ar of' the good things ot Ufc that workers shall bavc, that t requir, in order to livi' decently as inst those thing that the empleyers rescrvi for th3nelves And this p eod es a onotliot about which I would b* the last to donyo George vas bere from the T1wpjoyers GoiwJJ, peO c.YC >u a Lecture, though he would never all it that, on the racte o Utol lie did not Oall it "clas stzuggleftp but he told you essentially tbat one of tbe problem tbht workers faced, that kccp them In contlic t with employers, is the tat si=ply that in order to get wre wey,, If the exployer dnies it, they thom' selves have to acme in open coniot with them; they have to, we say$ "hit the brioks"' And in ou Union we have done th But the t that re even mre that is thea fat that there app? to b no recognition bhre at a1l that it is noo th1 closed shop as uh, it is not the question ot iustw widec bargaining, it in none of these things that is conee the OrIA sress of the United States today. It happens that last November therv was a big electoral es an electoral a e at was dicated even at the time vhen Roosevelt wa still alive, and this hne prouced in Ameri life a new relationship in forces STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO2 'heot2r- employrs, the tIonal Association of oturcrs, it ou vould lIkc to nre it, the monopolists of America, being in a nev positton politically and economically, e their doter tion that th'y were go to Seize this opportunity to take advantagc of t.he rkit people of Awria. Tint is the situa tilo in vhich we ti! owuselves.| AM I am quite amaed at some of the roations tint I have heard expressed here.* There art: some labor pcople apparent think there s no Jeopardy. I think there is jeopardy both for labor and for the American People, I s(e nw good in the Z'00w0 mendations that Taft mkes,, whether be on thp "Ball d Chain" Bill, or whether they be on one of the other bills. I Ink tint they all Jeopardise labor and thb Ameri people, I thInk t there are two p se to this ar offesive, of reactions On pOrpe very clearly tand itheate pur ose i to head ott the second rud of g?e, increases f or the voztemof America& Tbat is one immediate purpose. AMd the purpose becomea clear when every dea before the Beate Labor Comittee or the Rouse Labor Committee a new bill is put f orwrd. "In the event that the workers should ecemit this iscrotion, then we atve this bill*" And tit bill vill be put rfirSt on the docket to wet tbit problem. AM I am urd to fid in t rank8 of Ameri LabOr s uch l of ounrg,- so much Villig1 ness to cocede tint this stituation is all rlit,, one that be put up with* STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 188 ?Th- tat of the matter is that the_-o workers of Mwrica necd futher wage incrases today as they have never nreded them be- V,aez,-They need ten for the very simple reason that price Oon- tret bas beou utterly destroyed by -a ombition of reactioary 1?publican and Demcrat ic fones in the Conge8s, ThAt is wbhy t-ry neA and mst have vage increases, And you hev a situatto vherc it in to the tactical atage of the reactionriese in Congres to put forward one day owe bill al another day another bill, so that they can keep us from conentrating oew attention on anq major bill that they might hope, to vial up with. The ct- ? ot of it ha been that the loud-mouthed bellowing of people like Pat and so on, has driven certa?n labor laders to a posiA- tion of cowardice were., tead of seekg gs for workers, gains to hich, workers are entitled, te hae b teMcd their &grmewfltR-4*tUAlly extended their agpetsor priods with- out getti benefits f or thse workers I th t that is cowardice. if the workers ae entitled to inarease then be.- ho>ve met we in our Union are going to seek them, he second pu s is to divert attention fro a tg tt baa come to pass, perhaps sowtvhat unbew t to most American people-- situation where during the var the monopolists of rica sueaeoded in tightening and extientg their control of the Ameri eo to the point where corporate profits have inreased steadily during the war nw after the war to the point vwhre it is antclipated bythe end of the year they will have-, tripled over what they were prior to tlw tim that the var STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO i M ospi1n, this otfensiveo of reaction is deteraiwd to divrrt attention this nev st glebold that American wonopo- 3IWsb bvYt been able to aebLevoet Finally, it is y i sresion that n onw bill vill bc in-m troduevd in Gonrpess sumtieiint1y bad to mite all of Labor, be- causC if a bill is introduced that is that bad a that roaotion* ary and that catastrophic to the labor movemnt, it vill creatc by its very nature the pre-oonditiosfor thl r*ti*ial ty Of all Labor, A.P. of L,* CIO an Brotberbhoods And that far the rc> actionaries are determlwd not to go* I.t seem to mr, that thfe* essentials arc thing tt should bc eamined in . dynamic soiety. It iseei to me that it Is our oblisation to see this of forces, Politic a eco mc that baa taken pl4ac In America life; to e8stimte it; to we igh it; to see *at it mans; to evalusto its effects on eahab every one of us individually, vorker or ow.vorker. AM v1en 'we have scen this, if it c0n be estimted as hx less than a peril for the Ameria ppe, because, in opiion, the Ari- can peeple are. in retreat, the I an ready t o oncede that our- position is the wron position.| In oonneation vith this vbole wave of reaction vh?la bas svept the oontry, ao time "etg pa a bsteria, voxkere feel quite desperate, putti them in very desperatte moods, if you like, at certain tim, tbhre ha acme vith it an attack upon the ivil berties of people in A.eri*a-stt&cs au STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO I 7 *I A &W9 I 0 190 tt allesed Secretary Of labor bes mde upon one minority SPOp w?th the idea of further di-V;d the workers so that they wVll b- Ies abe to tight bak. Pz'ot2or bDougas h said in his r-e kh thougbt there sboui& be w disrlmtion pezuitted in unions elievoe me we bar(:' now,4n our Ufiont We bare a titutioI prohibition against it., whether it be for race,, se, religious or political att-iUation, And we have "Politial iliationt in there delib4- eratety, because we will not tolerte pople in our lh-ion who are in rberv to divide them on this kit of basis "*Mth1s or ea other kiwi of basits Ad the Secretary of Labor baa dc one of these attaks a n ueapers bar played the of the cArrot the club during the whole period of offensive, where have danled the carrot out ad said "All right It won't be so rough on you of orgaiszed labor if you follow the carrot, but in the event you don't we're for bludgee Ayou people for all we can, We arc for heading you off from a seconm rt o ar in 021C"e*4 An! wit it at the same time the lie is disseminted that furtbhr wage a rt price ireses. A that 'a Just not truet I wish to end just on this note,a I hav written this part downs I am tly but badly im sed ith the ladar th e detached n the refimd tspere that I frotn here today in these cloistered halls, I a bly imressed beoauae I do not thInk people ought to be leaed or detched hen they stad i STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY S AN FRANCJISCO 191 thul 'pxr ~sce nof a a lyn bnabee, souch as the on unleashed asipn t Orga:nizd vorkers in America, I do not thi men and vcuen shoul?d 4 with an air of tiality the present annihilave tWorc attack tint ns been lau d by the latioral Association Msnutacturrs agan "st t he right am of Awrica democracy ite tralde union movemnt, I do not think that decent or aompr tively decet people have w briiness ighin with an air -of relf ineruSt wfheter labor wrill be devoured or merely dile red partially or perhaps only mfrtally wouded Louw applausc,a deo The discussion will be contiaued by fr. Ray PB. WVier, Presiq d ent of the Californa Ft Jkreau Federation, RAY B, WISXR, President, Oalifora Pta Breau Pederation. M WIS'R* Mr). t _ am ladies and gentlemen, It Is extremly intereting that I am attoendia this Confer ence today " apparntly a 1ev famer in the midst of this at disoussion on issues afeott employers eaployee S0 There is a rather interesting observation that as such our great grup of people are not only yorkers* but in sa oases are employers, but at no time in our industry is there a period of time when we do not have More people cw In it wbo are self-eployers than thoes wbo are receivig s* And tht is true in Cal? 0 tornia as well " in the other States of thre Unon, I bave vocered toda sowvhat *y 1 have becme a fa r STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 192 aM! r'cal-1 the Incident very well the&e wI 12 of aje vas akd tLu2' qestion otl the det. tion of at xq futur oooCwction miht beO I s&oal eo vell that 2 decided to join ny Local 4-li Club, a aftor doing 3o, I wa4t to rW leaier to die-* outsU the ntte1 Of the tye of project Od vat ofp agrOiult tvtr3; wte would rie into0 Aftora thorough discssion we deoided to be;a daipatn This leRaderL said to tct, fTh: first tInt vifl be essen- tia is for you to buy a ov in onder to get stated2" I lad no mnno I case trom an exceediTg poor familyV I had six rs of shoes in l lftime befror I was 12 years of agt W. n, rmthe e ioint of tbe endeavor, I lately womdlo')red how * would raise raoey to bwu a cow, I finly deterw. mined to go down a) see ay Dads banker. I walked in-to the beat sda, 6 r I have-t decided to become a farmer. The tat is, I bave decided to become a da-iy t" r -and I vant to borrow $100 to y a c. t | Lhe b ker said, "Tint 'a vry fine, But what security M you got to orttr for the $100?a And I had nom, So after lookix o thrae austere bars so v, I said, '"I will have to thtmk ths ntter over f or a little while. I w3ked out an went Thom the strel;t, I a couple of bours I cam buack in an! said, "'Mr r, I have got to ve $100 to buy a cow. I Mrvo deeC to be? a farmer, I ave decided to become a dairy tame anti sat have t ny. And, Mr r STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 193 Just; &; u're ae I 1.1 ve, T will pu bak the $S1OO, ai brier said, 9That's very finet, but supoe you die? 7 s&d, hell, r. r, it I die awle g to Iuaven I will. maVI it to you,, but if d iea go to hl-e Twill l1bl it to you' Needless to say, we got the oney a hene vo are in agri-| cultue Dr, Douglas has presnted an ually broad rrsrctive ot an issue viiiht is domi t e natiomi ser'. I think we can all agree tint the address we late Just heard is utly fair to both sides of this issue, In faet, I an tmpted to say that Dr, Douglas, at last In this address, 1 soet to rightw I anan this as a complimnt because Drz Douglas' views on economic mad social issues are rather well * an ho is, in- deed, a friend of labor, alcert a nlzy not a prejudiced ceac The impression that I Sp1ned from listening to Dr. Doug is thlt be, approve* of the olosed shop, as an ideal, but is rathe opposed to it a" a preatical expedienay. I feel cezrtain t even an the workers of this country the same mixed reelingp and emotions I If the closed shop were organised on a volutary or maJority basis, no on could bavc a legiti te quar- ml with it. Ulztortnttely,, ths is nt the cse, The closed shop, as its pialayi lMsates, is an involuntary or a onm- pulsory issue,, Wherever it exists, workers Mire n coicve, The.r is a wide space, always, between ideal pro an practical owns, The praticl prog t take into conidera- STENOCTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SANS FRANCISCO l9& tiot the % Euati on. For this reason the sugestions oute l3>inc by Dr. Dougls appeal very mauh to me,, Whether or not labo vciflzt subsoribc to tho sgestions is quite, a differmt t 3rt all probability, thc, pro of reconciliation, outlined by Pre, - las, vould, be vigorously opposed by most r unions as W-1 as by employers, aM ycet, t Professor Douglas Prntti out is most atal mtl tha key to our future indus- trisi relations. T am trying to view this problem along the same brod hoc SO ably erpresmnd by Dr. DoWlas I an not tryin to nfine m remszkz to the vIapnt of an cmployer, or to reflect the view- otut of labor itelf, It sete to rn that tn s somet C-, biggc-r inwlvod, an that is our ooreption of what coapriac inividual freedom, and its place in our dcmocracy, When rm toe hman being to do that which bo does not rant to do, or vhie bs tW,.-. privilege of not doing, you take from hmcutain lie b1l rit, he prv-cervation of which ay even trnscend the terial advantages Rifed for him by certain compulsory pratioe If the closed shop vorc maidenly outlawed, If the Wap|er ot vwesr maidenly removed frm ow statutes,, no or- s what pcrentqe of Awrican vorkrer wuld voluntarily or -nse oin labor unions. thisis. trw>, then it 4 obviou that, no r tter what the advantages of the closed shop sy be, workers arc| creed into this labor category,a stay within it simply bcoaus hers te o ray for thcm to ea- t dmaton of t lbr es?&iris, , t STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 195 TYhemr is thev point voh sould be!t conidert Wbflc closed shop my be benetioial to workers general,l, it is dug-. | izz to our o as a be, It ha Ocused strife between labo iadustry, sad even between so a of labor itself, It has redueed ratebr than icreased the output of lbor indutr Iy atig labor amnopoliAe s estroying em 8 tition. In oaes, it appar to have given rise to political racketeering Violent lava*, In toe of general velfae, the closed shop bas been a restriative rathr tin a. contructive forceL, in n istancesoperati t the best interets of the Id vidual worker as well " socety in genera.| hturfly$ the closed sbop, " vela the en-tire labor sioc movemnt, developed out of oaditios which labor felt werc ua-| fair to workers * In moit es,, lbor wa Justified in its grinews.es But no eonomie gorp ter our free enterprise | system, an! our demorato, is justified in tain the law iAto its own bans, a in lsai down its own rules and regultios for the behavior of free nan von To prevent a pflron from iroxrg,* simply because he does not believe In alosed shop, is contray to our conception of eo. c freedomda of dooaI As a matter of political expdiency, sn y find it impractical to ever?l enaot a law otlawi the. closed shop. This has been done in soveral states aX the coat itutienality of such iures is be questioned. ovever, the temper of thI 80th Congess on lbor issues has bee brought to a srp vdgc ? beoaue of the industrial strife ad soacalled lbor raketecr:rin STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO -- I 196 ttolx prevailAe duing the st few yea* Unless this trt Is re.l ted, un less this appeaangce of rakckteering IT ah t toprA, Ct ss my o opledj tV ps very dastio logis- tok;tnJ, au the activities aa3 pro g of all unions, good awl bad -al ike, Unions ase as employers could do much to establish pore mnent industrial ace by respecting their mutual obligationse* Both partes to a contrct must fulfill an Uze c. t ti cond-itto of that contract, There such obligation responsibilitie>sare lacking, chaos resuljt, an one or the other of the groups is fvrntually destroyed. This ition t bc permitted. The re sponsibflity of eac group to the other, an! to sc(iety as a For that reason, I would lUke to see labor and nngoseat oonciliate the diftcrencos between them for the good of each other sa fPor the> good of the country " a whol. This can awd should be , dne. o F g p shoud reoo0ise the o contri- butions to genol welfare, unIons and;employer goups bavrte roplised a sumt. d responsibility. Otber| have oxt, Other nations, notably Swedno, havre mde a md success of cooperative lOb ottw policisa pro. l der such conditions, thre is no w ion for strikes, no ez- Cuse for an unfair praetices on either side, no ooasion for u lwful actions, no need for ulsion, or the deprivation of thc' rights ad tbeh freedom of the3 individual, viether hc. repre - sent* labor or n t STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 19,7 CDMIR 14T N: c you, Mr. Wiser. cr' close this discussion, I snuld like to 1 upon a ve wtsr , Thy, Lyzm w hit e, 3,. , Pr ofes sor of the Se n ?nncis ec m'Thufng!oal Smn am, former Obe for Industrisl RelAtions Section of ter wealth Clubv Dr Whit c? e, Loud appluse L W UIT E, S R ,I Profebsor, Sar franisco Theological S W EIT!?g Mr. a irma n, id I w a "Vise an . 1 ho s S*I p r it " an thc thirtrenth speaker today on this ao! 2th last one * I vent to arvrite what an Irishman once siwhn a condu-tor of lds train sat dom beside him In his seat he aket the conuctor,, %Thich is the most dangeroun ear to ride in ant the train?" Thec,onductor said, "The last oe " Then aid Pat, "Wy th- devil don't they leave thf darne|d thing Oft? T4hat is the question that is uppertrst in y m It I a not leave the car off , I will reduce it to the di ions of the eaboose byr pointing out the out line of iflt I would Ili to takc thirty minutes to sa, The fivrt tng that I have to say is this: mdenn mt wil hencforth aeek lis seUrity in ty, since thi vast sJerit STEN OTYPE REPORTING CO3MPANY SAN FRANCISCO I F -I - I I . of ail'J vbolly -amible. to provid( o'w security in1tvidually. 4sy Tr 8&a th vr d "wtor is a Nev PeStament, not a .ifo tez. Mro. Davis shaed that he av some Gzeek, Thl .hat is rbat I am standing tor, and everytbing is go to b Judgrd by vbWthei,r or not it oontributes to c tyo Qol Votive nng ha b'tlng wI.1l break up very soo i? do nrt stop. nut tint c ems to me to b~a *ngges,tiofl of a iry ouit. sat Iat suor for one houzr on a roof Zup near' 3t0 RUoVln ta1ktn to a Seventh Day AMrntist carpenter, YE bn thwe root Msa he 1, "1 am int j Qa labor nion be ca4use that m ontroverey and that strife, sa we vant pesec.A Tn said$, ">Re doc yoU get alo ng?" Thr stid, "Herothey Just lct us do it becausc ve do. not wvrik f Le 1ss they work for," You ser, tbhre are the ga that they get without paying. I say that that is a situation vbioh some day will be clarified0 But I wish my labor mion friens aould get the pat.ienc whi t old minister had when he said to mw as I left for the Theologicl Sainry in NeW YO%'$ "Remoer thiss afl you - do for some people wbo want to uwe the church but will nTever do tg but use it is to ctristn the-m ten ethy ar; born, them when they are in love,a buy the-m henm thy are d , But, he said, "do that. Tint is yoiw job as a miister of thec chuh am don't say, 'I'1l do nothing for you ues you vill do eve required of a r of the hurc." Bomethizig of that freedom, of that petilance, is what you lbor men need. d Am you will win by it. T lasj t want to say refes to Professor UglAs very humble, moest fail to discuss "feather-bedding". I STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANC!SCC 201 aboul like to how hlm at lgt)z oe this qisetiLn:t Wben is t"roatbc-r be-d"? T~ Syou very miih tow this o ortadty f* *?LOW sppl& 0FAIMA WsJ v Th.*ou,* Dr White* Time in late. The meetSie this eve g will be vI tbe I kwv tbat I speak tor the atiwre vwdieno In oIW speskezwls e the people ibo b&se disousied their pper$s* The Ooaterese is adjourned. , at 5145 P*x..* an djwmna takten Uwti1 8 l5 p. ot the *me date STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO Of thrl ? S-tCD _AX ,..>. Th" Tvizw o rt4mt of t)r PtetA triai at Conorp or tlz IXst?tutrs Ot iMntrial&K ttcen umi unrnty rtc1s, Be Le O'nus rrstr4v <4 Ca;tiori, oorro in the 'sS, t&ivrsity of %ISl ranla, Berkwley, CaUfornis, at 8:15 p.4.; th Eon. 'arl Warr'u ?.7v Mdo:- W thc.! Y(,,m i t ot bav as Its bai thcit Awria idea cr et f re de-*lv >Wti-o for elw--r | to f,)xPri*- -its natua ftatio,f re- cfor labor,, so that all vbo -o,^;A11n andLl ablc, to v*rk a=fn job W er # ?^ory ocall ditiom By df-4,rition thi exclues ab3or ll hour if ?f vork or vae sealea tha lwos susa livg oodtlcme, It dowW a fir basi- o-f me puf? Pt the ati-onte im-e #am Avotrso-ime thoe gup re o isuc- sue a lsmr:i cgpent of cy | Put In t;his q,~ the proleta seefm. slploJ but; in 3:exli]ty lw p8ws vbo seel 8 ari Xlaound osic Aft*,t as. rakn vitlt othc.r lestanil fteoe Sow of these, ftetors are still nrt clo:arly uderstood., sowo tem w dereply rooted ins tb,-L babta an mto-m 0tf our poople Th dAecill Lotl vliol w gre h t3 h-C I prom vbct ve adopt =t fit tbe, pattems of a fre saie9ty It is anX tb&t WW" tse labor legi$sltion vHhleh,i before Conges-a o ffered aw a of ourbing labor r''.;StOr,ing equlity" at tlx UUMrMiD talvle,. Ax(-. uck., tic4"~A -ede to -.a -1 a -Are?-b - I h and qc t toe larSg a shar of the nAtional Ino ? A a 'x, so -9s, that Uufustry could not function suoesstully? This involves a qucstion whid v mot of the debate bvtwveet represcatativee of Idustry sd labor bas been wager,d, Yact sidc: In this deetc1 In Vulored eWo ta. Those econom- lets have nade st4iea, hawv issued repcrts, the American public asa fr en deluged with figiwes, all of which reSulted. in oonw- fusion, disputes sa strife. I am not an eat. Rowvever, it so en to s that theN problemis of such a natUre that on'- ac'. ed wt b an, t in order to arrive at a corre2t conclusion conce gthe! issues I thin the meat important ti s tht tbhs?- wbo attempt to reach a correct conclusioa be not special pleaders for eitber side of the ontroversy The labor cco+ say that with living costs Ire"Vagg n" a are, floc8- sary in order to mintain thu s d 1 iv of the Arrican workers. NO tougtful peo na a tcsbat the corrtness of that position. On the other In!, the eoccuasts for ndustTry saY that vages form a;n iportat part of the. cot of production. Therefore an wage increase Mut be reflected in the price of tlr products used by tose who ha-ve secured a vage No thoughtful perso can so t that tfosopW, Therefore, what do wc. have.? A cntantly7 Incraigspiral of wage-s ai!price's C which nobody benefits. The editors of our papers an of c nw sines, meat of our sta&torS t h tIt there is a very simple answer which shold be recognised by Labor, * t is, that labor rea ise that any wage inrc" C:, STENO'TYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO n 209 siapi1 rc"flctu in a or price for th products cf labor tint tererfore bor should bet satisfied and dsist Crem nkiag dent for inr e in vngs WIt tbht g tiwn ngliect to say is that liiustry also should rcoie; tat vith every prioe incease there rollors " a ncessary corollar a tirtbtr do for wage increase Therefore the valuet of prie Inrees is only temporary an ephemeral, What both ustry and labor should understan is that ultintely they together are go to prioc the products which they pn2nce out of tbe market, which vill be a disater wt only to each of thou, but t our ie natioznl economy The PFrsident's Counail ot T'oos o Mvisors nd Preside-nt TIMMs t?eenamio Report to the Cony... bad this to s8 0On- *erni*g Its "Chier wwng the-4 un rable factors is the matted decl-n in real sing pver of great nb e of consumers i price a wage adjustments are nt d amc son e-uoughthere is r* that r fulyi wvill falter, orders to laturers viii declite, tion vwll drviiidro pu,a piO &lii gV,ill This is ether eay of swnthat our free nation ot keep the e he*et of india try in the black It the Is e sheet of labor i the red, Look, for e, att what happened sine V hy to the byi pner of faetory vorkrers tfl represent about 30 percent of all workets wheo ar not ce if Moreover, the tisacial 3inicate that eat STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY' SAN FRANCISCO 210 it&r ? tIs oirncerned over this same Situation0 Twcrrc ts one futher point I wish to e before diseu#11g sweitt lAbor legislation. T D rtfl ,nt of abor bas on- sisti ntly aintAind that this whole questin o lao r;lat ite aM legislation bei upon it wt be treated as a t aartg Vc must nver forget tint .trnutrial strtfe is a e wom of basis 'oeanowio nMa justments. Therefore . legislatior dcel to promote iustrial peace t also V geared to the larger at tonal purpose which seekm incresed scufty an well- beg for all of our people I have not taken the position,, nor do I takt the position, that I oppose every piece of legisltion which attempts to re- sotrict the activities of labrui Tb" ohe ao 1 t ve m int -in th e, United States has graTb lea s s l b un s i h t 10 years. It is but natral that suh rapSd growth would bring with it es whi, if' the lbor moveent is not wifling to correct, the Gove tnt correct. Certainly the e oyr am t-he public should not be ponalised by the iability of labor unions to agre a to wVhich on hJurisdiction in a certAin plant or factory or indusry. In 1934 we in the Con we passed th- National labor Relations Act which ve to labor iom t mainery by which it could be dete d wat was the proper * nig gentt for the employees of any employer, 0 ted labor hailed this Act as its QhMrta. I t shoul? be- opl- led to use the Act ]t, acoept the decision of te Natioal Labor Reltions Boan,* wt oly in reference to disputee br:treen STENOTYPE IREPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCOn 211 ewfloyors. and vir-io M but aloe in rctern- cu to disputs beetveen the- vvar cuswbrnh ea at a sod l &A-,bor., Mitti ly' as the President pointed out in hS Sto a of the Union e s labor sbould be prevented ow f usi the seoonry boyeott a a d-vice vt' thwart th1e 4decisioa Of the Ntioni r Relat osar With the ot the labor union moeveat, it is erstain that nis Woul be ooupolled to ate public their dial t actions. As a matter of tact, wet of thc- uions do this already A study ado by the Labor N tint amhng 25 interational APofL ti, 22 ovde for regular report;s on? is eitbhr directly to the local ow or to the union a oonvent ion and three povidpe for regular publiati-on of tizanial reports. Of the 36 0IO internatio union,s 31 prvide for regu la r finacial audits by a certifted public aoucourtnt. Thirty publish finan1cil reports available to five provide for financia reports to local or to m bers. I agree also that labor ui s d b de subJect to suit in t>lx event of violation of contrat upon their part. The tact is that In 35 of our 48 States, they alrady are subJect to such suits, both in the State Courts the Federal Courts. The only objection I have ta&n to the legislation proposed on this point is that it is so desxigd as to sat labor ions arpst tIror ctvcryone else or freE every kin of' orwisation in the country by allowing suite in Fedeal Court, regardless of te unt in | eontroversy a n defti e of the, oowtitntional provisions that jurisdiction of such private suits in Federl Courts shall Nbe- STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO alp flatted tc. tboec controversies In which thcre is d d sity ct citizenshp as betwecn thxe prtls'. T here ar? several bil s be-fore tlhe Qo ress wkic f a tu the creation of a mwdtaticn bord, Some woea set up a ouLi;de the Dreant of Labor; otrs wul sot up ton bosazd within the 1ptat but weuL4 nice the bcad pratically. epwndent wl giwi to it the work of conoiliation and tat on nowf bing carried on by the Labor Dopa nt's Confiliatton I an opposed to tln'awrswes beoauae I do not bcliovc that either a p s h promote t1 d trial peace, wm Ther s-t 1 s rnZ oomelli*g reasom for uwy conclusion. The establishamet of such a bean! ould interfer wvith diLsrupt nt only the work of the., Gonlon Service but a muob larger a.ra of vol a ollective between labor a|d Inevitably, both sides would ten! to carry important ?seuev directly to th-W board without makin s aeriots 2ttort to rach a voluntary agEree"ment temLseWe. Duafle the war we saw this happen time andtime agmtn-the Pnrties were soa ons to bave "their dispute reach the National War Labor Board In Waslv ington that in th e a of Oaes the pr netton were little more a dress relfor the big senew in W a s h i x w t o n . Tint is one of the reaon wby the Nation)l Association ot turers, the, 'US. r of' C wroe, the American STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO - r I I I 213 ?ed''ration of labor, and the Gon ss oa I trIal ) ltiols all strongly oppose the creation of a sodiation bow .| Ad theo tour gsroups.ov the value1 of the U.S. Gonefitio Service because they hbve ha a groct deal of experience with it. :st ynar, for iswtance, sionors of (hnoilUation aided in tivv NI settle of 131000 putes at s ereo, in 90 pctreen of the disputes wher- asiloners were| called in eorvo* ha d baited, no t e, oued Last year our Ooncilitors also helped settle 3,400 strikes. Nearly two-thirds of those bad begun before either side. askcd the Scrvice to Step in. Moreover,, you w all of these settlemnts were reach1d W voluntary methods, ed on ith he friendly e1lp of ana ?mt stial 'rdertort. I am cenvisd tint we would be ve-ry uwise to Jo Sc or by-pass thl useftul ir order to ar?t 1p a med2s tion board. Zatt ther Is another would rail czr its pu se The solution of labor disputes is isuch a I 1-sided complicated tsk tint n bz.i-rewdles of the ?teaotr, ability and experiee of its ns--would avo the neeeary b u to edate the eaorsly varied e of disputes that arise along our ustrafront. NoW lot Us a Very dieret, set of proposahs-thos disned to prevent iuutrr-vlde or to eret other restrict;ion which will limit the scope ot a given union grec- tint vithin an a try. We bere on the West Coat have. bad con- STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 214 sis?"bV- experience with agrecwats of this sort. We h fleibhsuch eontmt are, an ifat a wden ra4e tof prblem dcoition they an- des to meet. And 7 belWr;ve mst oa you.? sLa u' beli:f that these ining sytem bare helped bring stabiLity into tri relations a thnt thhey icatc;e nturity of develo at. The avowed 3YUXWSe of liti proponlo is tvo-wtol do seek to prevent 1te or widespread sbutad as the result of al esent dispute a they seek to protect employers within an a tryf the ecoauic pressure which union migh othervise be able to exert. So tar as the first purose is concerned, I seoe no retaon to suppse that a baa on IWastr-vwidc svill ahiev it. Witness the. fact that ther- was no i"mlstry-wide contraet in flee when the iustry was ar-ply crt ailed. early in 1946. Nor would such a prohibition cope rrwith the proble, raised by die *aeats affectin such Public utilities as a,s, l 0 loclt t ports- tion co es. In this connection, I wouM Like to oit*- a study recently| e by the Bureau of labor Statistics entitled A of in- ing with Associtions anQroup of !ployers".OTh compilation shws the important idustries whi.h nfl on a national or indntry-wide scale, those which by geographic or region- al aDdan those, bargining within a city, eounty, or metro- polit asa The study clearl indicttes tht propo s wBich Would STE NOTYPE REPORTING COMPA NY SAN FRANCISCC 215 the saor t g ,, eitber within an ustry or a g@o- gnabitio area, would als-o disrup"t established proce&dtwcs in such industries as glass andg , dtyi WI fg textile, hog itr7, luber, nrtir metal , ruWer, rn's ol l m iwon'a loe w ;paper god pulp--to ne only soat of the more rtant sectors, In most of these ustries area-wide bar n baa orked very well a eployers t eleves are not desirous of a As I lock back3 ovr the troubled period of reconvergson, I? rin little reaon to ink that these proposed I tations would have coatributod substantial tovwar industrial P ni a oo, I Ths desire to localize ngot Iation e to rest a t on the belief that both sides are more apt to roach a poaeful settlJn1nt la%er suh oitionss. M4 experience since V-4 hw doet ne>t bear this out, Tim aftter time when local unic com?t tees and their employerw vere deadlocked, I have called upon the heads of internat?aatl mlone,, an they were able to reach a Sc ttlornt. ReC hWdt the second purpose-to restrict the economic powcr of unon at the- bagaining inee no jmzstIftia- tion foro thss it win be demoustnated that labor is receiving a dir oioe shre of the nation 1 To datc, I bar seen no evidence to support this view. In this connection, it is only fair to my tbat somr employ nras feel that oranised l, bor n threatens W ezat'e Ir t STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO- r -I PA I 216 to ' WhiV :o thL not question thu s crity f Ct this viw-- point I do believe tint such fears are based upon a lack oe? n& famliarity with th? oollective a aing procso,a Because ot thc Inc o In tm inombershtp durig th-e var sIn becaue Ct ebaxage in union a bsIacss sent,seta-v a o?f both goups got their filrst< at tofree oollr ottve berp in- Ing in the last year. UMoubtodly there were ins a whrew one aide or both too extremt positions, but I do not th?fl this tact a any ta1tw4nt of the sort proposed, Morc:over, I an convinced tint thou tmtation wuld eiooiwsjo further strife, It in sigma icaat, tooo tint th: tren of successful baIgm been to increase the range of subjects which are oprn tar discussion Por I, any omptorr who oce objected to dieg ne bu vaVe bou* have~ foundb experience tint gric mchinery, saf cty and halth an other xatters are proper rsubm Jects for oollective ba gna. Witness, also, the recet lettcr which ?reat Tu r4o- oc' ived frcm the Advisory &nd of the Oftioc f Var Kobilintie an] iReoonersitonm-discusaisa report on the teed Iag, the, Boaflly *Oo ludod: "Adoption of w ed wagplans p should not be the subject of legislative action, but should bx. referred to freey ollective barg. ai., 1 "Stabilinttion of employw-nt its effectuaticm tlrough wage or employent gwmtees, whrever possible, are matters ot STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCCO 217 mutual concern to employers dach party has the defite res,Ponsility of seeking -to stabilize operation vi a plant or inustry in order to savance the level of general roonomie security of the atlion... Another roup of proposals is aied at the olosed shop and kindred ton of uniort security. ?y forbidding ay contract whi es ruberchip or noanemberhibp in a l r orniation a con d Ition of eploymnt, these bills prcesuably wouM outlaw the closed shop, the sion sbop, um ene o Mbnip ad possibly preferntial hiring. As of Lst April, 77 Percent of the workers In this couttry vb* belorAVd to o-r-s"sed abor an! worked inder uion contract would kavc their status by these bills. Here are the figures, by type of agreements Closed p 15p tilon Shop Nt4nenne of mmber- shP 2%W Preferental hbr 3 Negl=oetig other n1d eration, it is plain that such pro posals would open the doors to prologed indtrial caos in, America *tti-on securit is the very tof thse contracts.| In many cses these seaurity provisionm wert won ater long struggles an M t the bitterest opposition fran open shop employers. Given thbi torimI und, an the udeni-ab2 taet that s e ployers ytill are os to get rid of uions, I do not see bow a baon union sereity coul tai to provoke iustria strie STENOTYPE REPORT-ING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 213 Tht -& also t at employr*s, after direot an long experience with ton security clauses, th] t thcy were -sinable aid woul object seriously to a legal ban on a pli, v is von -a# e>fl3s itt so be wrec, speciflic an& ct some- definte e Vs The ttionl Fre n' PoanE tztitute, In*. &a advisory sefli e on labor tattlers for exployers,, reountl surveyod Ic,t attitwic of o * 000tbnvtnt have sew form of "*losed bo The Pore Institutc, reported-i- s ow asnt-t t V&'Iy oft-lffth,p 19. w prent, of these employers belierv tint cloed sop Ql trats madc' for better rclations betw(en employers mad loyees hess than 15 rrcent reported tbnt union security clauses had worsened labor relations in theIr plants., Th-remialer, almost tvo-thirds of the employers, could see little (itter-?ac owe or the, other. In ae you in t It1tute l not typi cal, let e refe r you to a vry raeet issuc8 at. This me Seat Its reporters to interviev buslas on ton subj not, Altogethc r, their reporters talked to imployers rho manufactured just about everythi frm a rt to raor bldes iSaoh osome form of union seouity---aa vlnt v the:, reasul 1 Pifty-eight percen said tnt te efrfect of el Isti would bc, bad fore . There is one particular reason vby busiesamm s d p?rer rsom form of uion seurity. So tar " I k-, e NI.ri authot ty in the field O idustrl reations vors the,; STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SON FRANCISCO incluioan in labor cont to of p iton for b fa rilev As Iw of you w'ifl recall, tbere no dispute at the Prel,sidut'tls r *wut fonton o lir bstrial e3ations tovciber 195, on tis qustin. bi l s en- lightened labor uniom hsve eoa to neooise t u experiene the nocessity of l lgd in their Oon s oimd Prvisio for the settlewnt of r disputos,-even up to the point of vid a tepoi t in the tors of arbitration or an sap, e system whre diswztes vi the operation of tbhe contrat oan decided, Thes, are the dar--toda disputes, te. lwvitablc trio Ucms tbht are bomni to arise where men york togeth ev in the ovra.^ll sttn of O any sll 3ne a be rtant. But unles they arz Auled properly, they breed discontent frictions which In a short ttar would break dcr god i trial relatiom. T doubt if you ouM f a uset representtive wbo in actviv In the, field of labor relations who voulkl qw stLOn that conelustont Now, *i t a ban oi union seouwity, a aubsta - tial proportion of employees in an establishment would tall out- side the unon which has done th bargain a would be oompAl icd t,A-o deal Individually on oevery grievance, the most substantia advanac that has been ade in iWustrial relations in many years would be lost, he question of democracy in uion is another case in poun Ot course, the affairs of unions should be conducterd democratice- STENOTYPE REPORTING CO MPANY SAN FRANCISCO 2O0 ally, And this ioes not alvsys bold tru, Yet here, as in every othrP pbaer of tt relations, the orp e evidence must rb given great veighto DV wn ezperie2n and observation leads me to coeolnic that ion rules an practices are. not bet other segments of Ameri lIY in thu practioe of dmoracy In this connection, Lot m- cite a recent article by Joseph ibister 6f Yale University. Entitled" "The Loca of Union Control in Oolleotive Bsrga a," the artiolc appeared in the z?ter Jc?a1 f ors ton Augut l94.64 (Cne of the points which the author es in his s ary a|d oncalusions Is of icular interest. I quot.es "The ultimte oontrol over oollective innin in WB2t unions dovs rest with t rank fad tile... True, the full pT|er of settle ne t is somotimes vested in the negotiators, but the | 6S'5' itant point is that this pover is voluntarily entrusted -to the leaders by the F n ile in most tianes. It is tru ] further that (especially) in national negotiatiorw, the actual control over the irgi--in practice---rests vith a small sub- | couittee of the negotiating group, But here again the condition has been brght- about by neces structural oonditions; and vas not imposed on the rank sad tile blead ership.'I A third group of legislative proposals revolve around m-nts tSo t National Iabor Relations Aot, In gera, thesc bills would "equalizen bnig power"gn seek to disose strikes by deprWing workers of certain rights they now have en the Act, STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SA.N FRANCISCO 02l Passed in 1935, the Wagner Act bas been atta*ked an defead- ed in court and out, As you recll its acostitutionality vas upheld by the Su3reme Court early in 1937e Durirs the nest ten years a great body of law been developed in interpreting thb: Act Its me ng. In zarky respects, th povisions of tbds laware e=mebed with the oollective ialng process itself ndW it is very difficult to know Just how far-reacInag any iven O e might be. So such is involved--i?ncludig the attitudes of many employers when an if a ne power equation is created, Therefore, I bave strongly urged the CozWres8 that this uhole question be c the subject of a special stuty by a Oomission, aB the President reoozwaod ed in his State of tho Union Jszage. It goes without saying that such a study should look closely into the basic causes of labor disputes. And I would further rc co nd the kind of apoh that I have indicated, paying close attention to the real goal this nation seeks in the years ahead 3M-seure abundance in a world at peacew Right hcre I would like to add a word or tWo about Gompul- sory arbitration. 1io some peopln this looks like a fair r aiinp' solution to the strike problem. But let me remind you again--i compulsory arbitration is to succeed in eliminating valkouts and lockouts, It can only do so by abolishing or restric ing the right to oontract. Compulsory arbitration simply that the Government writes a contract for the parties. Proponents of such le;gisla- tion seez to believc that Governmont intervention would apply STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 222 pr il,y to eso perps even to hours, but not much else because they hold that thse are, the most frequent matters in d isutlp. But a Abor agreements contain nuerous detailed provisions oonern worki conditios, safety asu&weas, bene- tits andgrievaner proOeduWes, Disput($ cal do ars8 overI these mttors. The arbitrator, if the dispute its to be settled =at rriVe( at a just nSd equitable settlemnti Tho se vho are moet strongly opposed to Government control Wan p h- ave been slow to point out tho impossibility of Govere t otfective ly regulating the in3fite detals of economic activity, The prino4ple of compulsory arbitration does violence, to; oea vhlc4c Anglo-sax n concept of lay. * 4anz peopl e say that it is oustoiry under our system when two people bave a dispute to takl that dispute into Court &an let the- Court decide which esld is rigbt a whic is wrong. So far as contractual relations bv- tween arties is conoerned, it never been withUi the purview of the Court' s povr to write contracts for people, One eon7 - tracts have been written and agreed upon, the Courts will inter'- oret and enforce. the, but no Court attempted to write con- tracts's That is vb8t those, wh advocate compulsory arbitration would habve. th of Arbitration or a Court do for the par-" ties.v "Whe rc they arc confused in thxir thinking is the realizatior that uder our Anglo-Saxon concept of law our Courts do not writc contracts . When I sat ou the bench there Might bt- saea wh.en t equity side of the Court was brought into use, v?' rights bad STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCiSC:C 223 been r.eated tlwough usages an practicts Dt outside of those situations no Court ever tries to write a contract. And this axg%=ent that is presczted so frequently and was presented just yeet?rday, as r the preS (I have not seen the Bills intro- duced by two prominent Sentors), that vc should set up a system of labor courts in this country,, is completely and absolutely contrary to our system of, judioial proces:s. Let tae give you an We have a young oouple goig togethter They are congenil. They are very healthy. They enjoy the thins. They would Ets. Gan ideal married couple, The y g decides that be vanrts to marry the young ay a sbe says, No., He mn not take her into court and, Just because they have all of these different attractiven,cssee for each other, and have some oourt say, "You bave got to rry this man. That is ber right to deoide| The t is true of tbe writing of anxy sort of a cone- tract, The great majority of the cases which would oome before. th. court^s or come before ay board of compulsory arbitration would be eases vhich would inolve the Goveramot itself writing a oontraot betveen the .rties, There are some oertain disputes which the courts could de- oldaf, They are disputes involvg the interpretation of a con- treat or disputes involving the enforcewnt of a oontract after It vas entered ino Bt there is only oue trouble when our courts or an board of arbitration attewpt or attempts to decide questions of that kin After tho system has been. wori for STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN F-RANCISCO 224 about six month either the court or the arbitration gets 84 far behind that it is not posible for the orurt or tho arbitrza- tion board suacessfully to halv5le the problem. C/}dinarily if you hbave a disputc with somebody that you vat z take into the Pederal Court, expect that it will not cow to trial for six months1we Ikw that wBen I was on the bench I got zo that caes were being disposed of six weeks after the oas?~ vere riled, an the lavyers all came In objected beca?u tbey sail that they could not convince their clients that they wre- entitled to very much of a tee beause- got rid of their caes so fast. But the ordiry litit w'ho goes Into courtex pects that It is going to take his six months in the trial c another six or eigt months in the Circuit Court of Appeals a another year or two to take it to the Suprem Court of tbe lltdted 8tates . Labor disputs are too "hot. They involve too much o? the] hua wrelations to b subjected to that sort of delay. And every bcokrdthat ve have ever set up, starting beck with the Interstate Co ere Coewission in the 1890's,bas resulted In such a im laxr delays.| What happened during the var? We bad a lot of strikes during the var I think that the War labor Board did one of the finest pieces of work that any board has ever done in the history of the tited States. I have great respect rex its membersMp and3 the integrity a td the ability and the skill which they used.0 But they got so t1i*t tbhy were at least feuz and a half months to _______._._. _ STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 25- _ nt ,iontbS behin on oases* Wb&t did the unions decide to do? They ba&7 Case No, o4983 on the BOard's calendar; they knev tbat if th'y vet out on strtke they vould get it to be No. i on the Is Calendar. So tbhy simply went out on strike a.d that vould happen with an bod or ay court that yo1 try to set up, It t also be re&aled that If an arbitrator writes a oou- tret -which by increase in ves or by any other device,, ino- creases the oct to the employer, it will then be necessry teor the arbitrator or for some govcriental agency to d ;termine what prtit: the employer may cbarg for the products which he , F turf t d an ells. Just as sure as night follows the day tac secoi 3tpp imwst follow the first. You can not bave control over indts- trial relatiom in the form of nc=pulry afbitration witbout goinS on to the next step of price coxtrol, then on thrugh the various steps until we havc a complete control of' or ecowm. An .do not think ay of' the people iho advooate oompulsory ar- bitrtion vould want that oomplete control of our econoM. The Goverrment cannot control the industrial relationx side of the problem without controll all of the other steps and the anufoturez, distribution ad sale of the goods produced,, There- !crc, those who unwittingly belleve that there is a slmple aswer through the medium of compulsory arbitration hbvec not looked fur- ther dcwn the rad which not be followed if such compulsory arbitration is to be cffeetWve?. I don't tink the American peopl4 want such a plarmcd c rono as the cowpulsory arbitration proposa voul3 rquir- , STEINOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCC 226 FBoth1. n@ar t sM labr owe2? XXo M-Mmagtabo, (pNr c,uob an cxt-oms ion of ocez tv1 !oi " fo they kcav that if a ftrc einte-rpriso ecomof ts to be presevred, the term of labow agrnt ayements shbwld not be dcotati d by Govent, This relatiorship touabes the t vital activity of an vr tr majority of our adult population,, F1?rcedom to contract in the senne that pirties are free to refr ffro rntering into contreots, even where public policy tq tWt' 3etting of scitr of tbe tes, is basic to the p r'servatlon of ire; ss@oietys Vtr position on certain boyootto and othbi uxl=l b iooans sbould be we;ll rnov. As Pzrcident Tu hd between boycotts in' tended to protect ves aF wori cditions from those in fur- tNranoe of Jurisdictional disputes. Thc bills dealing with this subjeot go far beyond the ?resi d(cWntts refendWticn, They are aimed at all boycoots. I strongly urge th&t legi8latioa dealing with this mtter be so drawn as to cowm within the purview of the Prceident's reomen- d5at ions.* -3w nontbs tbLt followed V- Day were out ones f or in- duatry labor-a uAppy os for the S5eretary of Labort During the warx, to a very large extent, the nrnal procrssso of' STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 227 eollrsotivt t4tzv% had Elvezn plae tin patriottc ttion, luw it the a:-strik c &ai a widtk r e a zartifru> oon-. to3a.& a this meant that problems were tett un- trttiedani uquc ow 'stiosr: & Whn Japs ciurrauc r,t ' o3 qustio rc tiPlague us. But urttss I am vry much mi-staken, we bar. eme t sir August 9 S3, !ioth labrr San sent hav'c a E t construotlVfr atjtid Thv. nation has boldly r*Mtixwrd its taIth in Crced*t i ts r l tor a r to L ut us ke theos: 3 prctoi onstntly betfon us as tr: new intVo Ut oIrldofWmri, Vj%ntwjk 70U Vz4Y mu*Y ,X t,ow a3 utaic appYI.aS us 0(JOVMRPtNrR WARRY?f; ttt Secr0 4etary, 2In at wvc 0rYozv vrrscnt in thiz haWl tttr ?tvrnig 'i s srttul to yotm, as 2 for your yr ry t * your very aavnst,, arr? yc= wn vvlutens sivf addrtrs this evening. I for orw ma w OOUVSZ t< I was bePore ttat you hat not only one o3f the most imp)ot nositions In cw@ ntl govcrnmcnt but also on t _ the t ,A iSCicuLt. T u n more tin I vas tfr tint - sMl flrrp bzv gor% ttmtriarelation by choosin up idls a filiting bls out to the bittePr emt I am Mee tncat3 brtorr tint we mnot rv ntly m t our Ivutrial reU. tione jubt by the straine4 diiscussion tint ve baw across ths "ggL tabl Culr r'kations ut bor bettcnr by :o of this kind vwbc in gcxtl spirit wcuto -c dcidas, nilosophie STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO I -" ??J,I I msid AM that ts tor an I &a so Mppy to tbat this Institute of Ittustrial Relations is gottitg the vomderul start that It Ist4o I viah for yo,, fr. >ortr x, all suocess in your very Inprtant vork* I knw al:l of theac people t you for thr- trouble that you bae taakn to cm x POS ocnatint Jut to hnlp us gyt star.ted We via you a wVO? pleasant trip back to t of the ational govermwnt, Ocod night* la?es awg analacnt * P 1 POX, at 9:20 pX.,th First A wtria &latic#z Confe renac of Institute of Irtustrtal Relation tkdversity fltc ion was oonolua . .. W!. 4 STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO [.'. - b r - I I STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO * '5. nj -t~t,er 2r-'! , 5f>* Wi -iti v ' > r ro ' spirit . - i4 .; , i:L0e t .a - i 'UeS. e - t s . -Aeson I + ' W')-'--1 Lo *rz ; - 1~- T- t _ ' '~- ~ . 4- wvW trrii. r~9 -S. S ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . STENOTYPE REPORTING COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO