7. 7

j,

X                                                                                                                                                                                                             611

I 4   4,

'w

..,    "'A' 1, 1- .."    ,  . .  4                            ,   ?   ")    .  - ,v. 1.            1           I  1.         !"'t   i-,      i  ,          1 ?L -

d?.

A?             r

?x.

saA

jj.                                                                                                               t

If"

6?1

k,                                                                                    4.4                                                                                                                                                          4

V 414

A

I  , ,-      '. ?'-4  I,11.-'kN'y : .,  -           -i', ?            '"                       ,  .  ,    , 4.,

%:

A

_AV

-v

7,

<

to,

N                                                                                                                                               C                  4? ,

n                                                                                                                            q i?

Yi C     ? ."I

S                                                                                                                                                                                   Y

Vi

.41A

7?

A
;_X
A?f

e_;" &     I, 4

ly                                                                                                  fk

;'XI

I        ?jl Z".

A
Al

v,

?6

`7

:;P
q,

2%                                                                             Qj

4

T7,                         VI,

V  I ?01                               04?      1A,

'4,                        q     oi

4?

4
n

T      J?J,"            iT                                                           " At

1-                                                                                              ig       1?

C

o?      'k,

-14?A  kA                     jr     ?1? A

k,?,
t

t,   -?n --t,    P

11;..'111.?

A

-i .4?

yf               0

J

AN,    W,      1

jk ?j         4,             V11

A

js                                                                                                                                                        ?j

N

O

V.

01

4S

4                                                                         Y

ei,

J-

IYS,                                                                                        f'

It
N,5

1,                                                                                                                           A                                                c A,             A., OV:

i.P       g

!?v_ZA

Is

VK11     -4

p,

J
'A

?ot

Z;N-

n. ;10i i                                                                  N
t

i7,

+                                                                                                                                       k  7,
;-Z 7A                                                                                                         6

.2"                                                                  n                                                 4 AF."'.1?11'...',

4A

%)
44

`7

I ?z                                                                                                                                                                     Ne

y

?4                                 ?44

V

'14 ,-                ?P

w4                                                                                             -v,

f 11 t'l

I J", p,,

N

?6

'11A

Al

12

4-

__ I -  v                             *    ,

47

If

A,

i4
lo?       t

4Y

4?4                                                                                                                                                                                                                       iv-f  ,, f    , ,          , ,    L.,

w;4                                V.,

T7

?'17" fl, t'."k

V.

.4

V,

vo

4A

Yi
A.

'YA                              4,

Y ,,, .

W?p

J                                                                                                   9_j

4

W
SIX,

q                                                                                  '41

6

PC

4

t J                                                                                                                             ?d,

5

A

?Ai                                                                                                                       `k?

,y(

-   4,?

I,.,__"-1. ,,__ ,," -."? ? 1,?I -?". -, , -_

.-?.1: ..,"`7 ? ,.,-,1, 1,--, ?-v ?- , ,?- ,'', ? 1, I ,,`, , ?,; ,,1

.II-,? ,- ? ? . -,L?,j " ?: -., --_1_11;-7 ---- -- ,T"'. ?_.; ; ,- , -1 - .,,,.I?_w

IiI?,,II ?,,? I_ .,w.I I .,I,. ,-"

-:II??. ,I???-? ", -?.., ?'. , "', ? , .??.?, " -,?I?.?1. I ,I I?, ? ":, . ?,r - ,-,-.?",?, , ,.I? ?
???. 1, -,,I,, ?? -" "?I- 'I, -.,?... ?%., ,O?,II"! - 1- I.,).I,,,. I ?I?? -I 1?-z -` ? `I?', .. - ,-_"-?-,, .Io ? -.,. ?

,II - _,?;. ..,_111111-" r ,,?, -: ,-1. - ?.,!.,.

'?,.1, 1.I, - ?,?:, v?1??I? .. .I.,,_:.1
.iI-,- --,''. ',,-?1...I

IIi'. ? ..,--?I;-.? ?.?;, ,,

-I -II -II ,1; , ,1, . -- ",?,,, -, _ --I---` ,,? .,?.I ?, -. 1\-?-,- .,?, -_.

I.IL I1? -I?I.??I-,.,,'? _?-e -,?j,,;,,"I.?, , ,?.: _?? I?I

., ?t-'? ? " ?-,-?,,_ " -- ??, .1.I? ? I'
I':,- `.'??-`-,?,?-, "Z .1.1_?-

I?.I-.,,;I: .1,.II?I1. Z? ?,,-, ,.? ?Jl " -,-:,,--I,,1? . ?. - ?'I-,::I-
II ,:,,? - ,, ,.,I?, 11 ,? -, 11,.,.?;, .',? I w II,.".",. ?.1.? :, .,., ,?,I 1. 1. ?? '. 1 ?,II.I-.I - ,,,? ":,-, ?_, . ..
II??,?,, '? -_? ?.?(?:,.-I,,-,,?,, ,.-.;,,,..1 1;??,

_,.1I...I. -1 ,??11
,I?,?.,.?, ?..,? 1,I,_ ? -,,,. -.?..rI., -_--,], "I11.??_-?,,-,,,.-,.?'c -:,'

?-,I.II-I-_..- ??,-, ?-,I",,.I,,: I:"?-., ,,, ?, I",II
IIII?I?.,,?I??`1 -,,,,,,-,,,,?.-"1?I.III,-,,-- ?, I ,?,I

?.1. _,.?I-? ",.? ?":,) , ,11.,-I ,jV,,,,.,,.I,
?I?-'. 11-I?j.71"?II, ?.?I- II.1..I., >, ,,,?,% -.??'41 1...'. ,?_

II-, -?, rl.?I_? ??II?".?, ':;kT-7;7, ",-..1? .1 .

-II-_,?._,,, "",% , --, '?,%-, : ?,",.??-
1,:-,,,.??I,,;: ",??I??,

?I,w_?,.-,? I-?.I--I.-I..., ". ,1,Ij, , ?,,,,.--,??I._ ? I"'.

k, ?., ?:1.,.?1-1 _-.:,,?','_ ???,,?I,.,,"

?1. .?.,,""??_. -?_?-.?.-?I-"??zI.."

,?,I-.,,,---.__,,?,.

IIIII1.?.?,I

:?I?1?.,II?? - ?,c?,' ,?,?,-"-,?.,,,,,"?? , ,': -, ??rf?,,,-:7,,-? ??:I,?.
,1?.i_ -, , ?.?,?-,--,,, ??,,? -_-,- _,,I-, :1" , ?_?,?, 5",""?,_?"? ?,,

11 ?-.1, .. .._ I I-_?I. -,,,?,, I?? ,, -'% ?, ,?', "I,", 4 ? %.,-" ,? 4,-""-, Ii,:??,,- -?,,

-7,I?I1:, ? ,I ?I II ? ??.,?I",?,I._?
.?rI-, ?,?I.1??? .1?,.I ;1,I.. I?

I-.1? _?I.r, . ,I,, r",,,f,,.- -,,,? ,,?,?:I.-,,-- , ,,??. ,-,,, , .,-,? , ? -1 I ?,.,? ? ,?,,

, ,?'..

,? 11 "I .-" , ?, ,,,??-I_. It,-,,_,?,?,

.-? ..III-, ",?,,I-..,,II1;? ? _., .-II?II..,,-,,??I-?, I._,?

I11 -., ,11 11,I..?,P?;.1;1?

II,?I?I..I,Al-?,;,;r?!,II?.,

I?1; I-,,,--',----
II,I,?,??I. .,? ?,,?.,??' 11I., _?I

I.:,I., ,I.,.

1?; . II,1.,-?,1.IZ, ,?,,I,?,

I, ?-, I..,I,I--?,, ; , " , ,.?.

,'",I,-,I-??, ,- , ,1-1".
,_,"?,-:-I.,--, ,-i? ,- 4??,'? Y,?,?, 1,,- ,..,!,??,I",,,,? ,,, ",_,-?-II?,?,

I,:,,I,, ?,,,,?,,:?;;. _,_ , ,,.,;, . ,-_,,. . ?I
I.4-FI,. ?: , ,-, "', ?, ,_ , ? '-,?1,,.? I?.,,? ; ,I?

,1):I II;I I I-,.I,, ,.,?... ,??', .1 ???.?r?,,-I"??", .. -?,. - .I- 7, ??,"?.,I,I.,?,i, I,.. ?? ,i? I ?-'? 11 ,

I:?. "1,I,?,;I -

I?,I1, , ",7, ? 1- - ,,.,-.,?-,;: ?, ?

.?I

?"'? '?,,??? 4,
"?,,I1?1I_,II ,.,-- ,?,-1 ., I -.;, -?,

I?: .-I,, ?, .11 , ?- ,.,,i ,I ?., ..-

,

.?,i-?, ?..??.,,,,-, ??, ,?,??, -,,,",,?:?,?' .,..

I1,??,11?,I,I,?_-,?? _- ,, ?- '- 11,11,,?",,??.-,, -j ,, 11,?,,,"": , ,_

I,I1 IIII -1? ,?,\I.,, - ,,'? ,-.I, I I-II.?.,?? , ?t ,? - %,.-?I,I?- ., , -? -_ ";".1, ? ?, ?I,,.? ?

I,???I,??, 41, , - "?t?,,.. ,I

--II-?I?;..III?-I.,I

?,,III'll,I-II,. II-?,1,.-

.I?i, I11I1,",..--, - __I?.?"I` .1 - ,? X'--? ,I

?.IIIIII .-, .,I-, I I.?_ - .. - 1?,?, ,-?

.ft"If 'Y-ct-,.;??.? ., ? ,11 I I?,_
?I,-_: ?,?.-,,.. ,?-

?IIII? -I,,I ? ,?? ,- ?,";? ,-; , -1'. 4,, ."iI,?

I., - I: I-': -1 I-,-?F?

-I,.,,-:-,?'.?

,

11:I".,.II.,?,.:??,,,,,?,

.;?_ '??.;

,N.,?I,,.,,i;-,

.-II-il,, I-I-." ,I,?_? 1)?t ."'.",-

? ?,II.V, ?,,-,,-, ,-,?, , ,,,? , _?

,

I..,II,,,-, ?,I?-.. 1: ,1. ?:4I-,-, I -:,,-? I,, -, ? I

I?--,,I?,1,"We?'.I- -? ," ,,?I,11 _1? -, ";

I?- ?.III- "M 11, c _.I,-' ., ? - ? ?'? ,71I,,,,?.,,

,;, I -1 _? ., -j "p:-,.'.?,.--,AM? _ ", , I"

,II11 - I,??
?,?I?j"..,.. WIL

?I -;,,., I. ,II ?"E??,,

?,,'??,. .- - ?--' -." - "; ?t I`,,.I, -,,?; ? ,, 14?.?

I;-. .71??1? -,_? ,?",,,,-.-,.--?,?.?.,,
II- ,? , ?'"...?,?. ...,I,, _,,,,, - i% ? ".?,.

11,II??,,""_,_-, ? ?"" 1-?-S? '-?',' ,I , -- -,,?? - ","

-_- I.? , I.I? ,?-' ?,_ ,?,_,,
,III?I", '? -,. - "?, ?,?.- ,:,-i,- -?"';

.: -,-,I -1,,? ".. '. ?,? ,-, --,Or"- i ,: , ,.?1, , I1? .1 4

,.?I;???,",,.- -t?-,,,',? ??,,I,

... ?,I,?, I.-I?I I1,11 ,?, ,g,? -?,? 1'?. " -, ?, --?,I.??M=I' '-?,",:,., ?,? 14..,. IN?:-,

II 1?_, ,4 - - - 1?,,? I I,.j--,. ?;, ,.":_ ?,,-Ds ?hsbr . ??, - ?' ?7,4;.:

_..,.,,,, . I I,I.'',,-I.,. I- ,?,,? I
I. -I.. ? _. ,,, 4-?.;,-?,--,I ?,.. I I ? - I,, ,I I. . ?-., __ ". .,?_.1?I1,? ;I II? .I-11"1, -,1,,?.", ,',',?,;., ,,".,., 1. '. II-,,-,;; ?, ,. ?' - 11 . " ??,k?_

-- - , 1" 11.I?....1, -II--- ?! '.I" 1??, ".-_ . -,

,III't I ,-II- Ik:.,, - , , I , ,,,II-.-,

II-?,.,,- ,,,I ?-'_;--,.1 ?,'? _ ?_?I" .+ , T? ,;z,- -,,I-.

-, ,_%_.11 II.. I-'. -I?, -II, ,
, 41??, ?I?, I?_ ."?-

,?,. ?,,1W ?? II , ?- ?I- 11III..11?. ?
.?.., I I??,- I '?'I'.

., :,?,,- I__ I ''?, .?,I-? ? .,

11?.?,., 'I,?..

I??, -1I.1,I--I,,I-;,.,*a1?`1T??__:?,

? ., , I, -1??,,,.,?bft vdth,z -10 -.I

.? I ,,Irula- fdu??.t _MIC?4#6 1, I ir, A, ,
'1?1-?' ??.,?,. I !? . " .I ?_ .:,-OgUA,l

I"!.?I,,,-, ,."

.- -1-., -.[:of". ; I11-1.1.-"M I I-",?.7

,- 11,.Vu . 4? !:-,I

?,??"I_ __ '.t,46, . ""' "' -`,?' , _6? -?,-, ? ?!,. ttO

k-?? IA,.,??-,,., - ?,.,

?i-,_? und'o', ? .4 1.,. i??
-.i,II, ,)CU _ " ?dt ?tu O .

,,?-?-,?? , ,"?-;_-. I-". J,.,I.-I

I??11-1"" I -'__ -,( - I?II..I., I.I

!, , ?7 ,,-'' ??,'?, - - , ? -%,?I,--_I

I 1,   - ?,   .1,   11 I ;.:   - 1 ,  " ?.,  11.?.  'o   r r,.,;,? 1. I ?   ,?.,.4 14 -l, .'.'   ,   ""   ''  1'1?

?-

..I--

". , 16 ?*6g',

1.;,--antUt4lit,,,.?',-? " _? ? f itlos"Of,.1;I'' .-;;,...14

11II ".II-I,?. I ',- ?-q_ to r? ?I
11 "i ?' '' ;- _11?-II_I ?'.--- 't,

II?1.1th". I ,%? , -, .:-, ,?_I,,?;??f 16? " I

?I?I, - ?.::,: ??,I

I-y,

,

?-I1_? I ,r "1, .,
I .,1-"..,,?', r, -pII,ti; '' t, 1, "I.11, 11

?- .,= opbl. to0,? ?--, " ",
"I-.1. 1-1? -1, "'jW I",.-,. ."I ", ou _.--I,

??, ?I:  'i   ?.,  I  ',   Il   11   _-.I I I I   .I I 71;  , I   . 1,-.?? ?II ?- 1 ,

,::11''-"-I- -vs? .1 '11?',

. 1.   -?   ..   A.   -1-, ., I ??-   1.   I ,,.?I       I -

IIi4ould , I?I."I ??_xI
-

I. -,?11,-?,?.." .1 11.I?V,.?. I_,?.`.'

_'.1 7?-?, -"Ex. chilli, ? "'p, ? 41 ID Itr _,;I

, ._?, ,),:?? 1,,-,??d?

?, _- '4 ?g,i?,,,,?.t' ;I-J?,

?.;7?? ,-V?71 -1 , _0.. .1...,?? -1- ? I-, -
?..,?, III ?.;?t.;_?,,,? ?_IP"I??:-.".?. -% ?. ??

,T-A ,?I.?I

,,1"1, I -It, "?-O;,`-.- -14.1-,., .1 ,?.

III------ ? I ?_,I.". ! ?, ?, 1. r, ?, ?.,V, ,,- ? ? ", ,Im, -,-"II

II ? ,,--EIY- - ""dlee

I" ?t ?. gAg-14,I?

I--.,I_,Q.?,I_ -rk,??

I- ? -- ?- - -? I1, ? I _;?? ? _'' -I'IF' W,- -1 ?,? -,,

-f.1,4 i I'. ,-,. ,.',?',''?..II,- ' Ir-11 I Ir, ,'' " ..?"., -

..,I,?!. jq'? :' I I . ? ?, I--- I, ,,. ?, . .,.,-?

'-11 1; ? I ? ? ?A -?. I_ -, - " ''. :J ?t

???I. I.1I?T= &,,,,-?,. ? I , 1? . ,"- ?, , ,,w,. ?_ ;, ;,,.?'.

.111:1??a ? i ???

;,,.?-_ A ??,.-.0 "',IO.' ., ,.I I.. , _". ,__;,_.! 1, _,i , ''-;..: ?;Is, , ,,-
? 1;?, , ?, ?. .I: ".. I--- ?.?

?

I

,

.?

' 4' ''t- '' 'd'

?.._I0

???- ,--?,.., -,"

.I-,-.-?"-- .1 1."?-.''!. .., , '' ,.
- , . 1,   -c,-'? , I I -  -   "   i?,  "I . 1,  _. -   ", - " - - , 1,-I. .,

??? ?, ?,I,,,-: ?? I '_ ? ,,,,,, ,_ -_ ?, -? 1? %?, ? ,,- :-- Y ;?

i??II.- -I,? .-I 6" , "", ??; "o," ?, I-- I ?,,, - ?, ?', .:? I ?, .,_-?, -,I.-11"?kl_ 't,? ?-

I-? .; i.. ., . I-''-11 " , -, "-, 'A "; I .,--,!" :-

1??'101 ?,_,.?S.11-17,," -,
I,?I"Om I ?111. I", ,? ? ,1.-, ",

?,I '. III.1 . I,Ir 1,.I.1I-;`?. VI.I
11._?I,0.,W,,?.`7 - 't

I11 _?11 '. -, '' ? I-IV ,...XI I y.-1 1 94"'.

,I-I

,, b6?,o_

II-.I,'.,

?.:113i?4 ?,

7"',?.,,-;i ?_,-,Vtm--??,,tx ,,

???,

,,,-.,,-t

.:I.i?4! ? ,,."I

-,14,,.IV 104AW1?"?

I-I:-,, -? ??-, ,?, ;;?,iP,'b *tlb,--- -O,,.J?i w I-__ , , 4 ?, 1, A, 1. %,

1.", - :,, aii " 4-, "*4w vma1-41' 't, x

-i ,??,?, ?t-?,11 - I?,I

,-

,,, i ?- J.k,                                     -

,,"'

,'N I,.;c,W"I,.121,,-', -,.? ?-

... -1."??,??I.-_I,??II"I?V--IV",,I ''I"' 'GI- _'IT"'I'A"I"Idt "WI-1611,

I., .,:,???,,,,,-,?1?-II-..

??,-.,4.,11

.?,K,c,? .-,.-?? i-1111 "J,

11 I 1??-?.11,

?,I=A . _1??I

. ?,,,,4?,-.,(M.U, I ?. ,-, . I ?.?_ ??I_!,? I-I.-1 -... Z.'?-? - ?`

I- ,11I? "?-4, - ? '' _? 7', I I., ,, -%'-?-: ? -_

--

,- ," iIN?; -- "I ?,I :. ,

,

I?_" , ,-.--I

,M -, M,
?? ?t,

I III IV,?tO '. .,O ?,

,

.,-IMUD,".,

_?, ?`71`,,?

.

''I ?__ _? ? _?."?z9"IV - ?a,?? - ,, I, ??-?

?.,I ,. 1 UOM:1,1,
?_?-,'',

,.,I I..- ,11'--"? -- - -:--. '.,

,, ?I ,1!'? I!??_- ? ? ??,?'..-,-'?,, "-,;7 , ,_?-1

'

I.--?? ?_ , -, ,-

,

?-,, ",'i" , ?' , "IsIII-I

III-1 ??,? -I ?; " ,- '. .- ". 1??', ghikd' ?? hq - , "' 1; ".. .?L?_,, ,? "I

,-iigiu ,g,,Aff,rett,-, -

", t44""iN-I? - '?_`_ _"T, ?-'$"?? -)"?',i, ?` ".. "I :-

,? a -fil"._It.jI, " 1?. II.9., r , 11

?? i"   -??.   -   I   ,q ; a . , '-,- popl   ,;,  ,   ?-_   I   I ?;,   ?'?   ?,, ?- ,? ._ ?, I ,,?, -

;, ;II.., _1_AI_ ?1'1'111,11 ? ,,? ?,? ??,--, ? -?`?'-, -;!, ,--,

?,.11-II `,- -r.I?'4" - 11 _".. ",." - "'?"? "' ?'? '' ?"''I_. -,.-I'?, I -'".. ?11' ?, , ,,
;I!..?,,??", -," ,;` ?-"?. 1'?, ", .,

.,.?-? 1. `?- -_.11", .- I ?11
I,_-- -I-,I?-.,..,?.

-I, -? ! i? " I- i - ??,
I-- .., .,11 t, ?., I"- -,. "I

":t ?.. .. , ,"".-1?
I0,.i,, ,

I?',,v".?, "'?,,? "

? ?;?

. I-

I.-,%?u I,
-iI,?A9

.-?w.i... ,-

?---.,oz-"-"I.,'an... I-?

-,I, . -- .? I_- T ImI" I-
Io . '- 1?_ -I-_'?;??_",i?,?.?.,

I. ?,.-:?'i ,?,.0( " I -, .;

.."-.,-"
.. .??

,,?.."I ?,-,_ _00,42-, ??.?i.

,?,I11 ?.?-

''v:, . .
-, ,??, ?. I ? -,_",

?.- ? I, -?_,U,--?,.,

, ,.-,?-__.V.-

II,. ?"4.I : I "I" I I_` " -, ,'.

?'9"" ;Oov-"Vl;,At fl",?

,--,?.;; _?,??.?I,,I. 1,,.-_ I-:.; ItotI_:r, -,-- _? -_,L-

I,'Y' - - x '? i ", ?' -:,'

1, AAC.tO e ",
I,.1.,.__ '' ? " 11' " "'? I""' '-I ?, "??d _-,Iv.-- -??Z

,I'll,2.1 ?p ?, O _-',-O?* , , _= I ,

,?-,210 ...

Z?',??.?.,?? ?lliy?? ?,,,, 4--"I'' iil? t 4",?i,,1*;

?P'' - iu

M,? 1*",V m - .'.4, Vb W3?t$' ? ,;V ?

--, " _. -?,-a , ,, ,-.1, 00 `_ I ?'' -.,. 17, ?I ", 1, _I I ?e?_?

_?, .-T, 11 11I?? r? ?r,",,,j '-,,:; . I$

I..?IIl, , ,: ,, ?', ?1'I9? , ?, . ?'o S& I.,.I."_',";'p , "

I-? ,,-,.t I_? ,,,11 r ?. '%_ ?, "I-"? ?, , IV ,:

I.1-" , " ?,_,.I- -

.. I '' T.,?",? ?1? ? I ???" ??,

".?

I. II,?-,,-?,?..IN?."-.

--,,I_,

-?4-i??4 ""'Wsto-wo, -,.,,

--?,?,?-_??,,
?'I, 1-.1 9"'15 ? I_??:

.;? -?A;,? -:I?.,_-7,7 -1- I1, ?1'1'??,?_,- - ?,41_ " '.?r ?. ?, I ,,.,:,

,

1-M, wd-?%.,, I ??_I-,-?,,'.! .

, I -_. __ "I ,??'
", ? . i?'. ". ??,.?"I.. 1?.'_

1o'o.,.,-
I?

.I"I ?-,,-?.1,--,

.,-"-.--,:? 1'?,:,? _??I_

.??'O A, 3 iii.rd I ,

I?,_` ?, , t-"'1?, ?, L:,-?,?.- -,_?A ?x ". I

. I

I;, _I_-, I1?1,;_ I ..,-'i?P.

.? ,-i. :11,-, --?,,-?" r? .' .4!,_? "''. _;,?, _,

-, ? 1, I., , __", - ?',-I?,. - ?, , ,'- ?,?,,?? ? " ,.?,II. , Z, . .,
??"- 1,I-____ . f_ II,__ ,#,,v ,,, ??,,,I-_,",?--.?, - - --?: ?. . ,

,,- , ,., r,,. -,I

,.I_.",I__. -.. - I ?,
,.,,I.- i ,,.-I,,.", '_ , ': ,..'t *,-,??? ,?* -: .,? "',

1,,`v ,,$AA` -,- .,??'

?, -- r .I_? 1?, ?77 " 7 _. ?.- 11.,."..,I-liw -I'
?? ,`I, ,,,- Ili .,, PIXUL', -'-1 _o_, 1?,, -? .r ,?"

1:1 ?ri?-,.;? _?.,, ,? , ". ?-'?,,?I'k
-_11 -11.11 __ ?i " ??;i_,,?,-?' ?1,,????

;? " 4 ??", ?,? .,',.-,,,?-'? r'l" ,?. .1.

,''?_4,--,i',,
,?. t'l"" ? ,?"

??.7""t ""; ,4??_

-

1.6 - 1, i__?

,?1, . I -,__11,-,I - ,,, ;t-J - - - - ,,?,p.,' I.,,?_, i ? -,,

?., 1: I ,?.r ._ ,. ??,; 11 ?', .,

"I-, ''..,?11111''.2-1.,,-, ? ? ?, .:

,.. .1 1, - --'' W. _!?- -,,?, ,; '' I ? 'il?, ?% I'. -,
, .,?N- ;- "-;r-'t... ??,. ?.,].- ,r ,? ,?41,

. ,I I1:,II ".,? ?t_ k . _. ,? .,,

Iq 1,_"6."'-" ,?, ?, ,f,, -t -? ..,..?11'1,'I?*?,

,it= :, I??gdj?,_ ___ t -._-,- .-,.',w .I., , 'I",.
??.,?I?'P " '??- - ' .'r-"-,-.,??"- ?..','- '.. ?. ',.?', ? -"-?"25 " --', ? 1.

, ? ?,!, -? ,'_;_?,-,,-,_,O,,-,:-I ,?? ?4
I ,1? ,''-,, ':,;, - ?, ? ,-I

???.?,,,, - ? ??". -.?
I1-I'' , __I- - .?,,,? -?-?? .,,, -,,?o _. . .. !,,?,

-_"I. ?',,--?:",, ,- -, c ,-,?? ,! ,?, ?,I,v ! ? ,??,,".'.1, ?",. 1. .11 I _:?

,

;-I I.,,

.V-?,;, A"I?,?? ,- ,,?""
I,?-,?_'j.,

?'' ?, _,,,

,..*.,N_-??'-_---A-w---- '! .,..;,* -N #? _-,.7t--I ,,
a1,I, ,". I_., ?.,, v , "?, i? ? ?,.,?_?.??.,

--?,--?_`? I"

.,QS

,-- -.-- z,- ,I-,?,'t ,-?I
?

-,?---ru-_?.4,4L.,;:;?.:.ii;44 I T,

",. ,,?. ,.??.

-

,_.,?

II ?,-?, "-; ,_ ?,-? .-p-,

,Ila I., I --1 i ?5 _. I,,?? 1??," - , !, _? i -I 1?

, ?:,,I. ,, -1.1 -A, ? ?,' ,,, 1 , "?, ,.,?-) "

I.

. .I

-?
I1,?i, rlll II,"?, ,-e, - ,,i--., - - ,1- -,---) . ,?,?? ? - _- I,- , -? 6 _ "- ?,,?. ?;, 11:;? ?; ?,

I"'61 "- 6,,?: 60?/',?.c._Ii -? ?.. + ?, ," ,_ , ,

,"?% ?? I-Jo,"'DO - , , ''
?, ?11."-__ -,I-

11 111? ?, ".-.,.'W"Pag I?-?? t??"-_,;;??!"- ,- ?i?l--?4?? -411 ? M.

V, O

?I'': ? '' .,--ot-. .",-- ,.F?

.1 ,? . 4S.,._.,?_ 44? SI'?

,-,:-21 - - -?-Wi- ,...??,-.'?,?,- .. - -...

?'??,Z"I ,,?,, ,'t ? _,?..,.mj..".L-I?:, ?

,..I " ". ?, " ,.,I-j.,_-I? .- ?. I,?._ - ?

,??. ?f '' . , '',"'--)'' ..?-,,,?-. , ?, . ?,

'!,",11 .;"--,--_ ? - I---,,, - _...? -4 - ".?i: ??,??.,I, ,?z":,

m?- .III.?. I,, ?_.'-. ,,, 21-?- ? ii_ 7_;?? ., , 41;140%, " , ,,;? I. - ?,?_,_ ? ,'_ _ ? ,',,,? -;-_ ,.-'. ", ?--?, - ? ? ??? ?, , " I I.. ?. III I ?. -_?? ."' ,?,,? ,,? .- '. .#,,---A.I?': .4. ?,;

-, .,.,% ,?-? ?I,?.";? '??.. ' '-11 ,,,:__ ,--r" _", - I-I.-

',?.4,1-- ?'". -'.- ?'.?.,? ?_,.-W_-.,?.,, ?? - ?..

., ,-,".?"-?4..,, "' ?"' ?- . .I.,- -

,

11 I 1.4. .. ?, -:?,?,,. 'I
,<T9,__.-?

?,?I-, .X .1 , , ,.I-'1? ?;

, ,9-4, -.?,-,",?.;.-i,..?? ,Z?- '.."i "i. ,".4,4,?_ -_;I-__r?"

I- ?-, - - -, N` "I" -'; "i .,-, -.-.",

1":,17.1 1.1?1? %_,I I 11 111? 1"? ? ,:it", -? "I It I -"k,".,-??.. ..
,-?'- --,?im,It ,:,?..??",??"-.

!1, ", 1 v,f 3, , .16&,,%?'.. ", ,,,? _"??.j_ .? .! ?:

... _0.11:0?:,I,?' ?'.46

?-,?,I?, i " , ,,, ,,,?,,' I ? , I11? I-', 1,I,4 ,?. _7 -1 ? ?I .,,I - I!, ?_.4- .? ?i?:,?-i,

?, ---,, , ,- - ??PI -, -7??,,' ?,
I- ?,?-,:?.v,-P1,_-.,,-?, -, 1,

.,-, ",, ", ug_i

:j ". I, ?i. 1?--V49 '' , .4.? .. _'. , ,?.

III, _? 1411;i4 "' ,Ii '16:, la"-?,

IIr If ?---4 Q ,_1 ??.?:_
i"I?1,??.?,?qg. _9?--?,Iw -1.
?-I ?., *,X??

I?..'??;?-94 t-?S?4 -, 11-6 ? ?, 1". V,,? - ,14.-?t ?, 1? -,?-,?? ??,,,,?."',??-?--, . - -. ,11 111. ?'. ? ''," I), ?- ?,-

- -,I

I?I__.. t.I,,, ? II ,. ,,;, _I_? - -t -

,

-  N~~~~~~~  N                      '                                                             '                                                          '        N      '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  -                              A      N~~~~~~~~~,             "   N~~~~4

N"'                                      "                             N-       '                                                  ''        ~~~~~~~' Nr

N'  K                  '                                                            --                                                             N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  A'  N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'  '2 k "                                           N              '                   N                                                         -                             N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l

HISTORIC ABORIGINAL GROUPS OF THE

CALIFORNIA DELTA REGION

BY

W. EGBERT SCHENCK

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS IN AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY

AND ETHNOLOGY

Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 123-146, 2 figures in text

Issued November 13, 1926

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS

BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

LONDON, ENGLAND

HISTORIC ABORIGINAL GROUPS OF THE

CALIFORNIA DELTA REGION

Is                BY

W. EGBERT SCHENKC

CONTENTS

PAGE

Introduction .................................................... 124

Historical accounts ....................................................                                        125
1772 ....................................................                                                  126
1776 ....................................................                                                  125
1805 .....................................................126
1806 ....................................................                                                  126
1807 ....................................................                                                  127
1809 ....................................................                                                  127
1810 ....................................................                                                  128
1811 ....................................................                                                  128
1813 ....................................................                                                  128
1817 ....................................................                                                  129
1819 ....................................................                                                  129
1820 ....................................................                                                  129
1821 ...                                                :...129
1823 ...                                                                                                   130
1826 ...                                                                                                   130

1827-34 ...                                                                                                130

Size of population ...................                                                                          131

Situation of population ...................                                                                     132
Classification of population ...................                                                                134
Tarquines ...................                                                                              134
Guayp6ms ...................                                                                               136
Julpunes ...................                                                                               137
Ompines ...................                                                                                137

Cholbones ...................                                                                              137

Yatchicomnes ...................                                                                           138
Moquelemnes ...................                                                                            140
Passasimas ........                                                                                         140

Groups between the Calaveras and Stanislaus rivers ........................................ 140
Taulamne ........................................                                                          141

Cuyens and Mayemes ........................................                                                141
Groups south of the Tuolumne river ........................................                                141
Ochejamnes ........................................                                                        142
Cosumnes ........................................                                                          142
Ilamnes ........................................                                                           142

Guenemsias ........................................                                                        142

Northern groups ........................................                                                   142
Western groups ...............                                                                             143
Food supplies ...............                                                                                   143

Aboriginal intercourse ...............                                                                          143

124      University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 23

TABLES

PAGE

TABLE 1.-Classification of the population in the San Joaquin-Sacramento

delta region according to early Spanish reports . .................................................. 135

FIGURES IN THE TEXT

FIGURE 1.-Map showing location, according to streams, of groups men-

tioned in Spanish reports ............................................................  133
FIGURE 2.-Map showing probable areas occupied by the major groups of

the aboriginal population in the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta region .......... 139

INTRODUCTION

The main purpose of this paper is to provide an historical back-
ground for archaeological work in Central California.. Most of the
sources available ha.ve been cited by H. H. Bancroft,' but we found
that they conta.ined considerable additional material likely to be of
interest to the ethnologist because it helps us to evaluate archaeological
evidence and serves as a link between such evidence and the accounts
obtain.ed from natives. In the present treatment the ethnological
features of the early historical accounts have been stressed, probable
routes have been mapped, groups and villages of aborigines have been
located, and an a.ttempt has been made to correlate the data thus
obtained into an account giving the size, location., habits 6f sustenance
and travel, and affiliations of the aboriginal population. This account,
with similar data given in a previous paper,2 covers the entire great
central valley of California.

Brief digests will first be given of all accounts recording visits into
the region from the first one in 1772 until the general influx of whites
in 1849. Most of the accounts have been preserved in the form of
diaries of the Spanish priests who accompanied various expeditions.
Many of the documents are not generally available, being still in
manuscript form. They are cited in detail in the bibliography at the
end of this paper.

The recorded expeditions were usually brief exploring or punitive
trips undertaken by a few soldiers, a leader, a priest, and sometimes
native auxiliaries or guides. They commenced soon after the Spaniards
first reached San Francisco bay in 1769 and continued for more than

1 HI. H. Bancroft, History of California, 1884.

2 E. W. Gifford and W. Egbert Schenck, The archaeology of the southern
San Joaquin valley, present series, xxiii, 1-122, pls. 1-34, 1 map, 1926.

1926]    Schenck: Aboriginal Groups of the California Delta Region

sixty-five years without effecting a settlement or becoming essentially
different in their nature. From about 1829-34 conditions radically
changed.   Anglo-Saxons began to arrive and settle in the region.
Hence, very soon after 1834 the country lost its primitive aspect and
its history no longer concerns us.

There follow, for each expedition, the year, the leader, the recording
priest, the route taken, and the observations made which a-re pertinent
to the present study. The names and probable locations of the peoples
seen ate compiled in table 1 a.nd the maps, figures 1 and 2. It should
be emphasized that the maps are approximations only. In the case of
figure 2 particularly, the intention is to show the different regions in
which given peoples seem to ha.ve been most definitely concentrated,
without implying tha.t hard and fast boundary lines existed between
them and without endeavoring to set these down in detail if they did
exist. There are variations in the accentuation and spelling of both
Spanish and Indian names. We have followed the form used by
Bancroft, or by the authority cited for a given expedition..

HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS

1772. Captain Pedro Fages and Padre Juan Crespi reached the San
Joaquin river just a.bove its junction with the Sacramento to form
Suisun bay. Here they noted native settlements. (Near Antioch, in
the vicinity of Sec. 13, T2N, R1E.) 3

1776. (a.) In April of this year Lieutenant-Colonel Juan Bautista
de Anza, Ensign Jose Joaquin Moraga., and Padre Pedro Font reached
the same point. They then skirted the western margin of the great
tule marsh, endeavoring to cross it to the eastern mountains. Abandon-
ing the idea a.fter about twenty miles, they returned to Monterey
probably via. the Livermore valley.

Near the western entrance to Carquinez strait they observed a native village
of 400 inhabitants and in the same vicinity great mounds of fresh-water mussel
shells on the beach. The existence of the village and the shellmounds close
together might indicate that the two represented different cultural stages, and
since the village was inhabited the shellmounds would be the older. Or the
fact may indicate that the shellmounds were used part of the time only, or
represented only one phase of the life of the village inhabitants.

Within the strait well-made rafts of tule were noted. From these, Indians
were fishing in Suisun bay with nets.

3 The townships and ranges are based on the Mount Diablo Meridiani. A
township is six miles from south to nortlh; a r auige six miles frollm west to east;
a section, a mile square.

125

126      University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 23

Along the southern margins of Suisun bay deer abounded to such an extent
that their tracks made it appear as though immense herds of cattle were
thereabouts. Later the party noticed many well beaten game trails extending
into the San Joaquin marsh, and saw there vast herds of elk (probably tule elk)
and deer.

Near the mouth of the San Joaquin river they saw a "good sized" Indian
village with huts not more than twelve paces from the water. This they named
San Ricardo. An abandoned village was seen somewhat farther east. These
are no doubt the villages noted by Fages. Later in their march they observed
a small village "amid the reeds."

(b) In September of the same yea.r Ensign Jose' Joaquin Moraga
led a party across the coast ranges to the San Joaquin, probably in
T1S, then three days' march up that river. Here the natives showed
a ford, and the party crossed the San Joaquin and traveled a day in the
plain east of the river. This expedition probably reached the vicinity
of the mouth of the Calaveras river, near the present city of Stockton.

(c) Finally, in November, Captain Rivera, Ensign Moraga., and a
party practically repeated this trip, but did not get quite so far
although they forded the river. Ensign Sa.l reported in 1796 tha.t
Rivera on this expedition named four rivers: Rio del Pescadero (the
western channel of the San Joaquin) ; thence a quarter of a league
east the Rio San Francisco Javier (the middle channel of the San
Joaquin); then two leagues farther the Rio San Miguel (the eastern
San Joaquin channel) ; and thence five leagues the Rio de la Pasion.
This would make it possible for the Rio de la Pasion to be the Calaveras
river, and subsequent expeditions, notably those of 1805 and 1806,
seem to confirm this identity.

1805. Mayordomo Higuera and Padre Cueva of the Mission San
Jose visiting sick neophytes were attacked by the Leucheeas, who lived
apparently on the banks of the San Joaquin in about Ti or 2S. A
punitive party under Sergeant Peralta punished the offenders in their
village called Pitenis (fig. 2). Subsequently gentile chiefta.ins from
distant villages in the central valley came to assure the Spaniards that
they had taken no part in the attack.

1806. (a) "Before the autumn " of this year a party, sent out to
find a land route to Bodega bay, reached the Rio de la, Pasion (the
Calaveras river?).

(b) Before September, Ensign Gabriel Moraga had visited the
San Joaquin river (probably north of the Merced river) and given it
its present name.

. (c) In September Ensign Gabriel Moraga and Padre Muiioz
marched across the coast range east of Mission San Juan Bautista and

1926]    Schenck: Aboriginal Groups of the California Delta Region

crossed the tule marshes and the San Joaquin river about halfway
between its eastern affluents, the Chowchilla tiver and Mariposa creek.
Keeping a few miles east of the San Joaquin, probably not far from
the modern state highway, they proceeded north crossing and naming
in succession the following streams (fig. 1): Mariposas arroyo (Bear
creek), whence exploring parties were sent out to the east; Rio Nuestra
Seiiora de la Merced (Merced river), which was explored into the
foothills; Rio Nuestra. Sefiora de los Dolores (Tuolumne river); Rio
Nuestra Sefiora de Guadalupe (Stanislaus river), explored well into
the mountains.   At the Rio de la Pasion (Calaveras river?) they
turned back, the party dividing into two troops, one of which kept
near the San Joaquin and the other well in the foothills. This party
passed up the entire length of the San Joaquin valley to its southern
end. Only the facts pertinent to aboriginal life which they observed
north of the Chowehilla river are here noted.

" Many gentiles " were encountered on the banks of the Calaveras river,
apparently in the viciniity of Stockton. These were very friendly, but were
totally different from the other Indians met. From the Stanislaus river south
' many gentiles ' were seen in the foothills, and many were also seen along
the Merced river where numerous foot paths which they used were noted. Most
of these people were very timid and fled on the approach of the Spaniiards.
Those in the foothills displayed some signs of hostility, possibly because they
felt more secure. Besides the references to population given in table 1, Mufioz
mentions from five to seven unnamed villages in the foothills along the Merced
river, and six unnamed villages were reported to him as being above Taulamne.

In the vicinity of Mariposa creek on the east bank of the San Joaquin vast
herds of deer and antelope were encountered. Also many beaver and salmon
were in the San Joaquin river.

1807. (a) Ensign Gabriel Moraga led a party across the San
Joaquin valley into the mountains east of it, but left no details of the
trip.

(b) A big fight was reported between gentiles and neophytes at
Carquinez strait.            t

1809. (a) In October a sergeant and fifteen men spent twenty days
visiting the villages of the northern San Joaquin valley, but no details
are available.

(b) From   January to August of this year the Russians with
headquarters at Bodega bay were exploring the country north of San
Friancisco bay. It seems possible that they may have pushed as far
in as the western edge of the central valley. At any rate from 1810
to 1812 the Aleut sea-otter hunters of the Russians were operating on
San Francisco bay; and by 1811 the Russians had explored the Russian
river for at least fifty miles from the sea.

127

128     University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 23

1810. (a) Ensign Gabriel Moraga punished the Indians in the
village of Sespesuya near Carquinez strait on the north side.

(b) In August Moraga conducted another expedition which was
recorded by Padre Viader. They went from Mission San Jose north
to the south shore of Suisun bay, southeast up the San Joaquin river
along the west edge of the marsh as far as San Luis Gonzaga creek,
thence westerly over the Coast range to Mission San Juan Bautista;
i.e., their route from the San Joaquin was the same as the Moraga-
Muiioz route to tha.t river in 1806.

(C) In October Moraga and Viader were again in this region.
They crossed the mountains from Mission San Jose via Livermore
valley to the San Joaquin river a.t Pescadero, and went southeast up
the San Joaquin along the western edge of the marsh. At a ford a
little north of the mouth of the Tuolumne river they crossed the San
Joaquin, and, after exploring to the northeast a short distance, pro-
ceeded southeast up the San Joaquin on its eastern bank until they
were a little south of the Merced river. Jiere they crossed to the
western bank of the San Joaquin, turned back to the northwest, and
after reaching a little north of the mouth of the Tuolumne river turned
west and crossed the Coast range to Santa Clara mission.

The villages near Pescadero seem to have contained as many Christians as
gentiles and many of the former were captured and sent back to San Jose.
Between the Jusmites and Fugites they met four women gathering seed, although
the main settlements seem to have been east of the river. The Cuyens were
also met on the west bank and after presenting the Spaniards with three
salmon accompanied them to the Mayemes, also on the west bank. Neither of
these groups appeared to have villages. This lack, the friendliness existing
between them, and the similarity in names to adjacent Miwok villages listed
by Kroeber4 on the Cosumnes river, Ma.yeman and Chutyumkatat, suggest that
these groups were not generally resident where the Spaniards found them but
were rather a hunting or fishing party. A further suggestion of such shifting
is the fact that the people of the Taualames village were away in the mountains.

1811. In October Sergeant Sanchet and Padre Abella led a, boat
expedition through Carquinez stra.it, up the western channel of the
San Joaquin river to its divergence from the main channel, thence
down the eastern channel to its junction with the western channel,
then through Two-mile slough to the Sacramento river, and down it to
Suisun bay and the strait again.

1813. Sergeant Soto went up the San Joaquin with twelve soldiers
and 100 Indians and on October 27 had a battle with the forces of
four villages on a marshy island. The Alealde Julio of Mission San

4 A. L. Kroeber, B. A. E. Bull. 78, pl. 37, 1925.

1926]     Schenck: Aboriginal Groups of the California Delta Region

Jose was killed. This expedition was directed against the Unsumnes.
On May 21, 1817, when in the vicinity of T5N, R4, Padre Duran
reported that "near here the alcalde of San Jose was killed in 1813."
Hence the Unsmnes are probably to be identified with the Cosumnes.

1817. In May Lieutenant Luis Argiuello and Padre Narciso Duran
headed a boat party up the Sacramento river. They kept to the
western channels until just south of the mouth of the American river
where they turned around. Coming down the river they kept to the
eastern channels until the junction of the Mokelumne and San Joaquin
was reached. From this point one division explored the islands to
the northwest and west while the other division ascended the eastern
channel of the San Joaquin as far as Calaveras river. Turning around
here they descended the San Joaquin to Suisun bay.

In addition to the groups mentioned, a few pertinent facts were recorded.
The only rafts observed were on the Sacramento near Grand island. Some of
the thirty-five houses of Chucumnes were forty to fifty paces in eircumference.
Near Chuppumne two other villages were seen in the distance and an old one
"on the water 's edge." Near here the Indians gave them "tor6us a kind of
pounded soap root."

Fugitives from Mission San Jose were living on the islands near the mouth
of the Mokelumne river. The Nototemnes had "already become Christians at
San Jose; they used to live almost in the center of the tule region. "  The
Passasimas village had to be reached on foot, and it is definitely stated that
the Yatchicomnes and Moguelemnes live on the mainland and reach the slope of
the Sierra Nevada. They said that "that which appears white is rock and not
snow." The Passasimas "told us stories about there being civilized people on
the other side of the Sierra Nevada." This familiarity with the high Sierran
country and the receipt of news from beyond is suggestive as to the range of
these people toward the east.

1819. In October Sergeant Jose Sanchez attacked the Muquelemes
near the confluence of the Calaveras and San Joaquin rivers, killing
twenty-seven Indians and capturing forty-nine horses. The possession
of horses, to the extent indicated by this foray, by Indians so far from
the Spanish settlements is worthy of emphasis. Various cultural
traits must have come in with the horses.

1820. (a) Sanchez again led an expedition into this region recover-
ing seventy horses from the Cosutmnes.

(b) Soto went to the Mariposas village of Nopochinches.

1821. Captain Luis Argiiello and Padre Ordaz headed an exploring
party to the north which was away from San Francisco from October
22 to November 15. This was the first recorded land expedition up
the Sacramento valley. Heading northeast from Suisun bay they
seem to have kept well away from the Sacramento until they struck it

129

130      University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 23

above the mouth of Bear river. Proceeding north along the Sacra-
mento the expedition reached the latitude of Chico on the Sacramento
river, turned west, and returned via the'Russian river valley.     The
villages noted are vaguely located and generally beyond the limits
of our map. The nearer ones are:

Kroeber's
Name                 Population    Location         equivalent5
Gualactos ....................N........  .  Near Ululatos  ............
Ululatos ..................... ........  .  Vaca creek

Libaytos ...................   400    Putah creek
Ehita ...................     900     Cache creek

Goroy ...................    1000     Sacramento river      Yodoi

Guiritoy  or Guitistoy ..............  1600  Sacramento  river  ............
Cap4       .       .............  ........  Sacramento river  Gapa
Coriu .................... ........  .   Sacramento river   Koru

Cha ...................      1500     Sacramento river      Cha

Other villages noted north of Cha and on the return trip are omitted.
All of these Sacramento valley villa.ges seem much larger than those
reported from the Delta region.

1823. (a) Ensign Sanchez and Padre Altimura traveled in the
region north and east of Suisun bay. They reported the following
villages:

Hulatos or Ulatos ..   ......... 5 leagues NE of Suisunes. (See 1821.)
Lybaitos ...........        3 leagues NE of Ulatos. (See 1821.)
Chemocoytos ...........               ?
Sucuntos ...........                  ?

Ompines ...........         North of Sacramento river. (See fig. 1.)

(b) Otto von Kotzebue, captain of the Russian frigate Predpriatie,
spent November 18-20 with a party of his countrymen and Aleuts
ascending the Sa.cramento. They got no farther than ten miles beyond
the ea-st end of Suisun bay. He reported that the Korekines were all
gone from the region of the confluence of the San Joaquin and Sacra-
mento. rivers; and that the Tschupuhanes and Hulpunes (Chupcanes
and Julpunes?) "used to live" in the region where he turned around.
iHe was greatly impressed by the "superfluity of game" of a.ll kinds-
fish, birds, and quadrupeds.

1826. From November 19 to 27 Ensign Sanchez was engaged in an
atta.ck upon the Cosemenes, who had killed twenty or thirty neophytes
from San Jose. The Cosemenes were victorious although forty of them
were killed.

1827-1834. In 1827 Jedediah Smith with a party of American
trappers tra.versed the central valley from the south to the vicinity of

5 B. A. E. Bull. 78, pl. 34, 1925.

1926]     Schenck: Aboriginal Groups of the California Delta Region

the Delta region. Leaving his men camped, possibly near the Calaveras
river, Smith in May made the first white-man crossing of the Sierra
Nevada. He returned in October and his party later traversed the
northern part of California. This visit inaugurated the overland
influx of white men into the central valley. At first, especially in the
region we are considering, these were trappers, and they are almost
entirely unrecorded. In 1.828 McLeod, of the Hudson's Bay Company,
was in the Sacramento valley, and in 1829 Ogden, of the same com-
pany. In 1830 Ewing Young and a party were in the Delta region. In
1833 Walker and forty men arrived, possibly by the American river
route. In addition, in each of the years after 1832 the Hudson's Bay
Company seems to have maintained a party of beaver hunters in the
central valley, apparently with headquarters in the vicinity of Stock-
ton where a locality is still known as French Camp. These expedi-
tions and the many visits which were no doubt made but not recorded
left no direct data. It seems obvious, however, that with such numer-
ous groups living among the Indians of our area, the occasional visits
of the Mexicans became of little importance.

Perhaps connected with this influx of trappers was a terrible
pestilenice in the form of an intermittent fever which swept the central
valley in 1833 and almost depopula.ted the valley. A party of trappers
passing through in the autumn of 1832 noted a numerous Indian
population; but in the summer of 1833 they encountered only five
living Indians from the head of the Sacramento valley to Kings river.
This epidemic must have had an enormous effect on the location of
the population.

The final cause tending to make this interval a period of great
change was the secularization of the missions in 1834. This stopped
many of the expeditions to the interior Indians. Also it released the
mission Indians, many of whom no doubt returned to their old homes
in the central valley.

SIZE OF POPULATION

The size of the population encountered by the early expeditions
can be approximated only in a general way. The Moraga-Mufioz
expedition of 1806 reported about sixteen villages in an area of about
1600 square miles between the Calaveras and Merced rivers. These
villages seem to have averaged a-bout 200 persons each, so that' the
population ran about two persons per square mile. Along the ma.in
rivers villages seem to have existed from five to ten miles apart. If

131

132      University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 23

this were true on the cross-channels as well, the population in the
ma.rsh area might well have been as high as ten persons per square
mile. But on account of the uninhabitable nature of much of this
area this estimate is probably too high. In the Delta region (say,
from T5N to T2S inclusive and from R8E to Carquinez strait) there
are about 1500 square miles of valley land. With the above figures
as minimum and maximum, the population would have been from
3000 to 15,000.

According to the figures given by the expedition of 1821 which
traversed the Sacramento valley, the villages in that region were much
larger than those of the lower San Joaquin river. This seems reasonable
on a.ccount of the smaller extent of marsh and nea.rer hint.erland.

Whatever the original population, it probably suffered a continuous
reduction through the operations of the missions, and in 1833 there
must have been an enormous decrease. Subsequently this decrease
continued until in 1852 the census records 379 Indians in San Joaquin
county (nearly equivalent to the Delta area). By 1860 the population
was given as 41, and in 1870 as 5.6

SITUATION OF POPULATION

The village sites reported are all near the larger watercourses. One
niight suspect this to be due to the fact that the reporters more fre-
quently followed the larger streams. However, the explorers indicated
a willingness to visit all villages they heard about and were accom-
panied by guides familiar with the country and its inhabitants.
Taulamne on the Stanislaus river was situated on "an inaccessible
rock."  But more frequently the site showed an. intimate relation
between human life and the marsh. The villages were "a few paces
from the water," "amid the reeds," "near the water's edge," or
"between two rivers."  In some cases it seems obvious that this
intimate relation reflects the practice of seasonal visits, of coming to
the marsh definitely for certain benefits which it offered. See the
Taulamne or the Cuyens and Mayemes described below.

This mobility of the population is indicated, however, in a much
more striking manner. The most outstanding feature of the location
of the population was its almost entire absence from the western bank
of the San Joaquin river. Indians were found south and north of
Suisun bay, on both sides of the Sacramento river, and east of the San

6 George H. Tinkham, History of the state of California and biographical
record of San Joaquin county, I, 260, 1909.

1926]     Schenck: Aboriginal Groups of the California Delta Region

Fig. 1. Map showing location, according to streams, of groups

mentioned in, Spanish reports.

133

134      University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 23

Joaquin river. From all these regions access could be had to a more
or less hilly back country offering radically different attractions from
the marsh in the way of streams, game, and vegetable foods. West
of the San Joaquin river the low ranges were arid and uninviting;
beyonid was the Bay region, which however was occupied by foreign
groups. One must apparently conclude that the units of the popula-
tion were situated so that they could have access to a hilly hinterland
as well as to the marsh, thus taking advantage of both aspects of their
habitat, and dwelling in neither continuously.

CLASSIFICATION OF POPULATION

C. Hart Merriam has worked out a classification and distribution
of the inhabitants of the Delta region, basing his results mainly on
ethnological field data.7. A. L. Kroeber8 has also done this work but
in a broader way. The early historical accounts do not exactly coincide
with these ethnological determinations. In all cases the information is
meager. But since the differences may be due to readjustments of the
groups during the century between the Spanish explorations and the
ethnological work, it seems advisable to reconsider the earlier data in
detail.

In table 1 every group reported by the expeditions whieh we have listed is
tabulated, even though it is obvious in some cases that two or more references are
to the same group, e.g., Ompines and Tompines. Such cases are bracketed with
a round bracket. In other cases the similarity of reported names, an identity
of situation, collateral information, or all three make it apparent that several
reported groups really constitute a single larger group.  These cases are
bracketed with a square bracket. Column two of the table indicates whether
the padres' diaries deal with a single village or a larger group.

The diaries give sites and habitats according to streams, directions traveled,
and distances, hence sometimes they are vague. The map, figure 1, shows the
locations as deduced from the diaries, more specific details in modern termin-
ology being included in table 1. A second map, figure 2, reconstructs the major
groups anid their probable areas.

Tarquines

From the similarity of the names one has little hesitancy in identi-
fying the Tarquoin,es, the Tarquimenes, and the Tauquimes as a single
group. It seems to have stretched from east to west entirely across the
marsh area between the main channels of the Sacramento and San
Joaquin rivers, and then to have extended along the southern shore of

7 C. Hart Merriam, Distribution and classification of the Mewan stock of
California, American Anthropologist, n. s. ix, 338-357, 1907.

8 A. L. Kroeber, B. A. E., Bull. 78, chaps. 25, 26, 30, 31, 32, 1925.

1926]    Schenck: Aboriginal Groups of the California Delta Region

TABLE 1.-Classification of the population in the San Joaquin-Sacramento delta

region according to early Spanish reports.

Name      Reportei
reported   expeditic
Tarquines    _11810 b
Tarquimenes     1811
Tauquimes    J  1817
Guaypems (or

Quay pems)     1817

Tulpunes        1810 b
Julpunes         1817
Ompines          1811

Tompines        1817, 1
Cholboones1     1810 b
Choloones |      1810 c
Cholvones J      1811

Pescadero
Jusmites {

Cosmistas J
Fur'ites {
Tugites

Tomchom
Nototemnes

Yatchicomnes

Moguelemnes I
Moquelemnes

1810 b,
1810 c
1811

1810 c
1810 c
1810 b
1817
1817
1817

1819

,d by
on of

823

c, 1811

Passasimas        1817
Coyboses     1    1811

Leuchas

Pitemis

Aupimis

Taulamne
Taualames

.1

Cuyens
Maijem
Mayemes

1805
1805

1810 b
1806 c
1810 c

1810 b,
1810 b
1810 c

Village
or group
Group
Group
Group

Location
S. shores Suisun bay.

N. San Joaquin about T3N R3E.
E. San Joaquin about T3N R4E.

Village      SW, T4N R4E.

Group        San Joaquin R2-3E.
Group        Same vicinity.

Group        "Between Tarquimenes and Sui-

sunes. "

Group       N. Sacramento from Suisun Ibay to

Cache slough.

Group       Between San Joaquin channels T3N

to T2S.

Group       Between San Joaquin channels T3N

to T2S.

Group       Between San Joaquin channels T3N

to T2S.

Village      W. San Joaquin, T2S R4E.

Village+    Between San Joaquin channels TlS

R6E.

Village+    Between San Joaquin channels TlS

R6E.

Village+    Between San Joaquin channels near

centgr T2S R6E

Village+    Between San Joaquin channels near

center T2S R6E.

Village     E. San Joaquin, NW   corner T2S

R6E.

Village+    Between San Joaquin channels in

T2N R4-5E.

Group        E. San Joaquin, T2N R5E.

Group       Lower reaches Mokelumne river

above Dry creek.

Group       Lower reaches Mokelumne river

above Dry creek.

Group+       E. San Joaquin; S. Calaveras.

Village     E. San Joaquin, near center TlS

R6E.

Village+    San Joaquin about T2S.

Village     E. San Joaquin about T2S R6E.
Village     E. San Joaquin about T2S R6E.
Village (200) Stanislaus river, T2S R1OE.

Village     E. San Joaquin, just N. Tuolumne

river mouth.

Village     W. San Joaquin SE part T2S R6E.
Village     W. San Joaquin SW part T3S R7E.
Village     W. San Joaquin SW part T3S R7E.

135

136      University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 23

TABLE 1- (Continued)

Name

reported
Bozenats
T'ationes

Tatives   J
Apaglamnes
Apelamenes
Latelate
Lachuo

Nupchenche l
Nopochinches J
Ochejamnes
Unsumnes

Cosumnes f
Ilamnes

Quenemsias
Chucumes

Chuppumne J

Suisunes
Chupunes
Chupcanes
Huchones

I

Reported by
expedition of

1810 b
1810 b
1810 c
1810 b
1810 c
1806 c
1806 c
1806 c
1820

1817

1813, 1817
1820
1817
1817
1817
1817
1811
1811
1817
1811

Village
or group
Village

Village+
Village+
Village+
Village+

Village (200)
Village (200)
Village (250)

Village

Village+
Group
Group

Location

E. San Joaquin, SE part T4S R7E.

E. San Joaquin, NW part T5S R8E.
E. San Joaquin, NW part T5S R8E.
E. San Joaquin, SE part T5S R8E.
E. San Joaquin, SE part T5S R8E.
S. bank Merced about R 10-liE.
Near Latelate.

W? San Joaquin between Chow-

chilla and Mariposa.

W? San Joaquin between Chow-

chilla and Mariposa.
Near Sec. 2, T4N R4E.

N. Mokelumne, SE part T5N R4E.

Village+     T5N R4E.

Group        Southern part Grand island.

Village      W? Sacramento, near Sec. 1, T5N

R3E.

Village      E. Sacramento, near center T6N

R4E.

Group        North of Suisun bay.

Group        S. shore, east end Carquinez strait.
Group        S. shore, east end Carquinez strait.
Group        Pinole region, San Pablo bay.

Suisun bay. On the east it did not reach beyond the marshy area.
There is some doubt as to the region just east of Suisun bay between
the rivers. Neither the Ompines, the Tulpunes, nor the Tarquines are
specifically located here in the accounts. But since the Tarquines are
named a.s both to the east and the west, it seems likely that their
habitat was unbroken here. It could be expected that the group would
include at least one shore of Carquinez strait, which was evidently
named for them. Both the 1811 and 1817 accounts definitely place
the Chupunes on the south shore of the actual strait. Kroeber states
that Karki-n appears to have been a Patwin village north of Suisun
bay ;9 but in Spanish times the Suisunes were along most of this north
shore with the Ompines to their ea.st.

Guaypens

The village of Guaypems (or Quaypems), near the mouth of the
Mokelumne river, is probably to be identified, both on account of the
name and location, with Merriam's Wipa group.             4

9 Op. cit., p. 356.

1926]   Schenck: Aboriginal Groups of the California Delta Region  137

Julpunies

The Julpunes (or Tu.lpunes) were along the San Joaquin river
ea.st of Suisun bay in 1810 and 1817; but it is not clear whether they
were on the north bank as well as the south bank. In 1823, Kotzebiie
speaks rather va.guely of them as having lived in the region allotted
to the Ompines in figure 2. There is a possibility that the Jutpunes
and Ompinres composed one group extending north and south across
both rivers. The land-grant Ulpinos is shown in the northeastern part
of our Ompines area. Ulpinos has phonetic similarity to Ju'lpunes.
Merriam puts the Hulpumne (map) or HIulpoomne (text) on the east
bank of the Sacramento river a few miles south of the mouth of the
American river.10 The Hulpumne certainly seem identifiable with the
Julpunes. If so, the great difference in situation must be accounted
for. Merriam may have the original habitat, and the groups noted
by the Spaniards may have been transient parties. Why such a shift
would be made is not clear since there would be no marked change in
environment. Also the groups would have remained in their transient
habitats at least 'seven years. It seems rather more likely that a
movement of the population was involved, the Julpunes, driven from
their earlier ha.bita.t south of the San Joaquin river, crossing to the
north bank of the Sacra.mento and subsequently retiring up that
stream.

Ompines

The possibility of the Ompines or Tampines being identifiable with
the Julpunes has been mentioned.

Cholbones

The Cholbownes, Choloones, Cholvones, the village called Pescadero
by the Spania.rds, and an unnamed village all refer to the same group
of people found between the western and middle channels of the San
Joaquin river. The name Pescadero seems to indicate that this was a
particularly good fishing place. The location was otherwise good, since
here (near the modern Bethany) the river swings close to the hills
culminating in Mount Diablo. At any rate here was a favorite
rendezvous and possibly the principal village of the Cholbones.

Kroeber identifies the Cholbones with the Chula.mni, the "most
northerly Yokuts tribe"; and he thinks "their territory extended at

10 Op. cit., p. 348.

138      University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 23

least some miles down the San Joaquin and up the Calaveras; probably
also across the former stream, possibly as far west as Mount Diablo."
Kroeber also says tha.t they inhabited Yachik and Wana near Stock-
ton."' Merriam states that the Chiltum'ne (which we also identify
with the Cholbones) "occupied the lower Calaveras river country and
reached north to the territory of the Mokalu,mne."  He places the
Yatchachumne about where Kroeber places the Chulamni. Our inter-
pretation of the Spanish annals agrees with neither exactly but more
closely with Kroeber. Between the middle and eastern San Joaquin
channels, in the north, the Spanish reported the Nototemes (fig. 1).
This name seems identifiable with Kroeber's Yokuts name Nututamne
meaning "upstream people." In the southern part of the same inter-
channel area the Spanish found the Jusmites or the Cosmistas, the
two names obviously referring to the same group. These terms see.m
identifiable with Kroeber 's Kosmitas, a Yokuts word meaning "north-
ern people." This use of Yokuts directional designations for groups
ma.kes us regard these groups as divisions of the larger Yokuts group,
the ChoTlbones or Chula;mni. South of the Jusmites were the Fugites
or Tugites with a village named after its chief, Tomchom. As these
are still within the San Joaquin delta, we have included them as
Cholbones groups. Apparently the Cholbon,es did not extend east of
the eastern channel of the San Joaquin (fig. 1). The Moraga-Munioz
expedition of 1806 mentioned the Indians apparently on the Ca.laveras
as totally different from the other Indians encountered, and this
expedition had just been among the Cholbones. Moreover, the later
expeditions very definitely assign the area between the Calaveras and
the Mokelumne rivers to the Yatchicomnes, Moque6lemnes, and
Tauquimnes (q.v.).

Yatchicomnes

Kroeber not only says that the village of Yachik was inhabited by
a division of the Chulamni, but that "Yachik, Yachikamne and
Yachimesi refer only to village sites or the inhabitants of particular
places, instead of being tribal names. "12 Merriam, however, makes
the Yatcha,chmnne a tribe extending across the lower San Joaquin
valley floor; and the 1817 expedition considered them a group on a par
with the Moque'lemnes and stated that they lived east of the San
Joaquin mostly on the ma.inland and reached to the slope of the Sierra
Nevada. This is evidently not the description of a single village. It

11 Op. cit., pp. 484-86.  12 Op. cit., p. 485.

1926]     Schenck: Aboriginal Groups of the California Delta Region

STOCKTON

Fig. 2. Map showing probable areas occupied by the major groups of the

aboriginal populationi in the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta regioin.

139

140      University of California Publications in Amn. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 23

seems more probable tha.t the inhabitants of Yachik were not Chulamni
(Yokuts), but Yatchicomnes (Miwok). The territory assigned to these
Yatchicomnes by the Spaniards seems to have been east of the San
Joaquin and along the Calaveras into the foothills. In the marsh they
adjoined the T'arquines, and on the higher slopes the Moquelemnes.
Whether they extended south of the Calaveras is uncertain but doubt-
ful. The territory of the Cholbones and the Yatchicomnnes is reversed
in the assignments of the Spania.rds and of Merriam. A shifting would
not seem to account for such a difference. The Spaniards are definite
and Merriam doubtful about the Yatchicomnes. Kroeber agrees with
the Spaniards' Cholbones location.

MIoquelem nes

These were reported by the Spaniards as northeast of the
Passasimnas, and adjoining the Yatchicomnes with whom they associated
themselves in warlike enterprises. Like the latter they lived mostly
on the mainland and reached to the slope of the Sierra Nevada and
informed "us that that which appears white is rock, not snow. " This
familiarity with the highlands seems to place them as a Miwok group,
undoubtedly Kroeber's Mokelumni and Merriam's Mokalunie. The
Moqu.lemnes do not seem to have extended into the marsh area. but
only to its edge. They are reported in practically the sa.me habitat by
all observers and remained there even to modern times. They were in
possession of horses by 1819, and seem to have made a determined and
successful resistance to the Spania.rds.

Passasi'mas

Whether this group was more than a village is not certain. The
village visited in 1817 was east of the San Joaquin, some distance from
that river and apparently south of the Calaveras, probably within the
limits of the present city of Stockton. The people had been at the
mission many times, and "here again they told us stories about there
being civilized people on the other side of the Sierra Nevada." This
fa.miliarity with eastern reports suggests a Miwok group.

Groups between the Calaveras and Stanislamts rivers

This area is assigned by Merriam to the Siakumne. The Spaniards
reported along the San Joaquin river in this vicinity Passasimas,
Coyboses, Leuchas, Pitemis, Anpimnis. These a.ppear to have been on

1926]     Schenck: Aboriginal Groups of the California Delta Region

the eastern bank, but it is possible that they were west of the eastern
channel and are Cholbones. Pitemis is a village of the Leuchas and it
seems that Aupimis is to be identified with it. The Leuchas might
possibly be identified with Kroeber 's Lakisamni (Yokuts) on the
Stanislaus river.

Taulamne

The villages of Taulamne and Tanualames are both definitely placed,
the former on an inaccessible rock on the Stanislaus river in the foot-
hi]ls, the latter at the ford of the San Joaquin just below the mouth
of the Tuolumne river. The inhabitants of Taualmes had gone to the
mountains. This seems to establish the region between the lower
Tuolumne and Stanislaus rivers as Taulamnne territory.  Merriam
agrees in assigning the same region to the Tuolumne. Kroeber states
the Tawa,limni were a Yokuts tribe.

Cuyens and Mayemes

The Cuyens and Mayeimes (Maijem) are mentioned only by the
1810 expeditions. Some of them at least were encountered on the
western bank of the San Joaquin north of the Stanislaus mouth, but
whether they had villages, or on which bank these were situated, is not
clear. The two groups are closely connected by the reporter. This
intimacy and the suggestion that they were transients, lead to the
conjecture that we may have here inhabitants of the two Miwok villages
of Chuyumkatat and Mayeman which Kroeber places close together on
the Cosumnes river. The suggestion is that the Cosumnes river
villagers were on a hunting or fishing trip to the San Joaquin when
met by the Spaniards. This part of the San Joaquin was apparently
less settled than possible fishing places nearer their Cosumnes homes.

Groups south of the Tuolumne river

West of the San Joaquin river south of the Stanislaus no groups
were reported unless Nupchenche, a village of Chief Chole/y, was on
the west bank. East of the river were the villages of Bozenats (prob-
ably chief's name), Latelate, Lachuo, and the larger groups of Tationes
and Apaglames. Nupchenche (Nopochinches) seem identifiable with
Kroeber 's Nupchinche or Noptinte, a Yokuts tribe.

141

142      University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 23

Ochejamnes

In the account of 1817 only a village of forty houses was mentioned.
This was on a slough connecting the Sacramento and Mokelumne rivers.
Kroeber gives a Plains Miwok village Ochehak on Dry creek near its
confluence with the Mokelumne, i.e., within five to ten miles of the
Spanish mention. But Kroeber thinks the Ochehaimni were probably
a "political community." Merriam gives the Ochehak or OchaJkumne
as a group but locates them on Grand and Brannan islands, i.e., between
the Sacramento and Mokelumne rivers in T3-5N. Brannan island we
have assigned to the Tarquines. The southern part of Grand island
was where the Spaniards apparently placed the Quenemsias, who may
have been a division of a larger group. At any rate the Ochejamnes
may be placed below the Moque'lemnes along the Mokelumne river.

Cosumnes

From their situation on the slough joining the Sacramento river
with the Mokelumne, we identify the Unsumnes with the Cosumnes
and place them north of the Ochejames east of the Sacramento and
along the Cosumnes river. Like the Moquelemnes they seem to have
offered a sturdy resistance to the Spaniards. The expedition of 1820
recovered seventy horses from them.

Ilamnes

This group was north of the Cosumnes either on Grand island or
farther east on the mainland. It seems likely that they are identifiable
with Kroeber's Plains Miwok "political community" the Lelamni, and
village Lelamni on the lower Cosumnes river.

Guenemsias

The Gulenemsias (or Quenemsias) were located on the southern part,
or perhaps all, of Grand island.

Northern Groups

On the Sacramen-to river (west bank?) in the vicinity of Sec. 1,
T5N, R3E, was a village of thirty-five houses, some of which were
forty to fifty paces in circumference, called Chucumes. On the east
bank of the river near the center of T6N, R4E, was a village called

1926].   Schenck: Aboriginal Groups of the California Delta Region

Chuppumne. Neither of these can be identified with larger groups.
From the phonetic similiarity one would identify these with the
Chuppunes, yet there is clearly a radical difference in situation. The
next villages to the north are those enumerated in the account of the
expedition of 1821.

The Ompines, north of the Sacramento's mouth, and the Suisunes,
north of Suisun bay, have been noted.

Western Groups

The Chu.puines (Chupca.nes), apparently a group, were located
along the southern shore near the east end of Carquoinez strait. West
of the strait, also on the southern shore-in the Pinole region of San
Pablo bay-were the Hu'choneg.

FOOD SUPPLIES

The early accounts make few direct statements as to native food
supplies. Shell-heaps near Carquinez strait are mentioned, also the
gathering of seeds, the catching of salmon, and the eating of torous, a
kind of pounded root. But the immense herds of deer, elk, and
antelope are spoken of a number of times, and later writers are
astonished at the superabundance of these animals and of water fowl.
It is proba.bly impossible for us to conceive the quantity of such game
and the ease with which it could be procured. Kotzebue stated that
one could ride among the herds of deer without frightening them.
Geese and ducks could be knocked over with a stick.

ABORIGINAL INTERCOURSE

The distribution of the population apparently in accordance with
a demand for ready access to a non-marshy region has been noted.
A number of incidents which imply that the population did actually
so move have also been set down. There seems little doubt tha.t a large
part of the population ranged into the Sierras. It also seems that
many of the same groups (e.g., Cosufmnnes, Moque'lemn1es) ordinarily
ma.de visits as far west as the San Francisco Bay region. The mission
at San Francisco was established in 1776 and by 1797 those of Santa
Clara and San Jose had been added. From the 1805 expedition it is
seen that these Bay missions ha.d been drawing converts from the
great central valley although no proselytizing had been done there

143

144      University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 23

unless the brief exploring parties of 1772 and 1776 may be so con-
strued. Other accounts emphasize this securing of converts from afar.
For example, the Passassimas "had been to the mission many times,"
the Nototemnes " had already become Christians at San Jose, " refugee
neophytes were sought among the Cosumnes, and horses were early
acquired by the Moquelemn.es. The suggestion is that the inhabitants
of the Delta region had long been accustomed to make visits to the
Bay. Continuing this practice after the arrival of the padres they
were brought within the mission folds. The conclusion is that in late
prehistoric times at lea.st there was free intercourse throughout this
area and a very considerable geographical range.

That much of this shifting was of a transient and periodic nature
is suggested by the rather definite linguistic boundaries which ethn-
ologists have drawn. Without doubt considerable groups of the
Cosumnes, to take a single example, were frequently on San Francisco
bay. B:ut that their home sites were near the Cosumnes river seems
likely because of their Plains Miwok linguistic affiliations.

The Bay region to which we have predicated these periodic excur-
sions seems to have been occupied by local groups. But judging from
their resistance to the Spaniards, their greater travels, their acquisition
of Spanish cultural elements, one could perhaps justly conclude that
the people of the central valley, and particularly of the Lodi-Stocktoni
region, were ma.de of somewhat sterner stuff. Consequently one would
expect to find a more complicated culture and a cultural focus in this
region.

Another aspect of aboriginal intercourse which is of interest to the
archaeologist is that which was due to Spanish pressure. Runaways
from the missions were numerous. Those from a distance who returned
to their own homes spread widely mission ideas and at least some ele-
ments of Caucasian culture-witness, for example, the horses among
the Moquelermnes and Cosumnnes. The homes near the coast, however,
were soon too much subject to Spanish interference and those who tired
of mission life sought refuge in the great central valley. Many of the
Spanish expeditions after 1805 were sent out to recover or punish these
delinquents. The direct influence of the expeditions was great. Far
more important must have been the influence of the ex-converts. Each
yea.r they probably amounted to five per cent of the population and as
the influx continued for two or perhaps four generations it might be
expected to have a marked effect upon the situation of the groups, the
physical type, and the culture of the Delta region. The differences

1926]    Schenck: Aboriginal Groups of the California Delta Region  145

between Merriam 's group locations and ours have been cited as prob-
able indications of the re-location of groups. The possible mixtures
and modifications of physical types impose great caution in the inter-
pretation of skeletal evidence as typical of certain groups or regions.
It is hard to note radica.l differences in cultures that have remained as
simple as those of central California. Yet one of our main purposes is
to compare these cultures as exhibited by archaeological evidence. The
Spanish annals remind one that he must be sure that he is dealing with
indigenous traits and not those intruded through white influence
during the century for which it operated before the ethnologist arrived.

146      University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 23

MATERIALS USED

1772.     H. H. Bancroft, Historyh of California, I, 184, 1884.

1776. (a) The Anza Expedition of 1775-1776, Diary of Pedro Font, Publications

of the Academy of Pacific Coast History, University of California,
iII, 1-131, 1 plate, 1913.
(b) Bancroft I, 289-90.

(c) Bancroft, I, 295 and 552.
1805.     Bancroft, II, 34.
1806. (a) Bancroft, II, 46.

(b) Bancroft, II, 47.

(c) Mufioz, Diario de la Expedici6n hecha por Don Gabriel Moraga,

Alf6rez de la Compaiiia de San Francisco, a los Nuevos Descu-
brimientos del Tular, 1806. MS. (Bancroft, II, 52.)
1807. (a) Bancroft, ii, 55.

(b) Bancroft, II, 85.

1809. (a) Bancroft, II, 55-56.

(b) Bancroft, II, chap. 4.
1810. (a) Bancroft, II, 91.

(b) Viader, Diario o Noticia del Viage que acabo de hacer por mandato

del Sr. Gobernador y Padre Presidente, con el objeto de buscar
parages 6 sitios para fundar misiones, Agosto 1810. MS. (Bancroft,
II, 56.)

(c) Viader, Diario de una Entrada al Rio de San Joaquin, Octobre 1810.

MS. (Bancroft, ii, 56.)

1811.     Abella, Diario de un registro de los rios grandes, 1811.      MS.

(Bancroft, II, 321-23.)
1813.     Bancroft, II, 324.

1817.     Expedition on the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers in 1817, Diary

of Fray Narciso Duran, Publications of the Academy of Pacific
Coast History, University of California, ii, 1911.
1819.     Bancroft, II, 335.
1820. (a) Bancroft, ii, 339.

(b) Bancroft, II, 339.

1821. Ordaz, Diario de la Expedici6n de Don Luis Argiiello al Norte, 1821.

MS. (Bancroft, II, 445-49.)
1823. (a) Bancroft, II, 497.

(b) Otto von Kotzebue, A new voyage round the world in the years 1823,

1824, 1825 and 1826, II, 139, 1830.
1826.     Bancroft, III, 109.

1827-34. Bancroft, II, chap. 6.

I? ?..I-1I.1 I'?._'I -,I-,.1, .. , II

I.?I.I-:-_-?II.. 1; ? ?:, ? ,, ,_ - i,?I,"I .I1? ? 11I---1-,:?. I ,?'..,?-?.,?, ,-,? ? ? ,,; :, 11 .

I?,?,II,,?,- Y?, , -?? 1 , . ?,.

..i-,IIII., . "'?,I.j, ;?, ';' 1?I.

I,?. ??.,,I.I

I,I,?I",1;"I ???-- ,,:,,, , 1?-'? .., ? -, " _I I.?I-

,? -, ,,.???,

I-.I,?? ?1'??,,,? ". I ?.a11.-:1II ?rI,-11 14?,I

1?,I,II?-_ ?,? "I",?.??- .,, ,,?"'Y ?,?,.., ",-??, ?_,1,,,?Ij ,?I
.??I-?.i..I1- ;I?:,1, ,mI,-,_.1-?1, ? ( .-I,4i?-,,, ?, 1!1?1.,.I_-" :

:_VI-i,??I,4 I,-?I--.I.I.,??III- w,, ,?i' ":

.I,-.1;II II,-

-???1? ??ImI,..,.-I?,,,M,? I ,I-, ?1_ " ?,

?I-?I?-..,.-?I,?, ? I,I
??.,

,I.I??11??. ?? .?I,? ".,,--,,I--.,,?I,, ,.?.. I?-1-,1,.

I.?.,qII?,.1,:?,?"I I .,II;?,?4 .?, ?? ,,1.???? ,,-1,-"??. "I.--?.,"4- ,-,.I-I, ,?- ,.,I

II"', ,-?- ,, ??,,,-,-,,? ? ?IIII ,?? .? ?,.,

-1 , ;-,.-,':",,,,.I,?I.I,., 4?1,?.,. -I,., ?, _? ? I,,-,?., : ?;? ?-:??', , ? ? ", -,I- ?I,-, ??,I,

-.? :? ,I,,?.?,?I.?,-,,,??,,?.,

I- III,,,:M? Ii-.?I.?? ?, III ,?? ?

?4,?',I-: , I",,?.I??;._I: .1 I,_?Lll,,? II.,?,?.?.I-,?? -1"" -, ,%-,? .,

?7-I.II,;II,.?IL-.1?,I,I-?,1, II? _?,I,I,I,,-I-??: ,?, ?? ,-,."

II i.-,,,.??I.:.1.?.It-; --??,?,?,t -??-, t,"II?'.,I. -, ,. ?, 'i, ?,,,? ?',? 1?.?.. 1,.II,,

-,;,?.-? ?.. -I.,?,'..?1,..i ??
?I,?? ,,-. I11 ,.-II. II: `I?.'.I?,?."-? "-, ;.I?? ,I,;,c :?,?,"-? ??-" -,-, " - -I-,--?:-,,

11 i. I:?I P,.,?,, -???-,II--., -?,I,I,,?--I ?,,.wI---I,,:?- ,.,7?41,,?.'..?,?,--? ,??,.?

,I", ,.; . , ??,?" ,,,,-,
I?I., ??,?I.:?_?..,,.,II!,-,?-?,, ???4?

I1,I. --,_ - _?.., ?,,, ,,, I;,,...-",,?_-,.. ,?_?,.,,I,,", , ".,?,,11,__,?-1 -,,---,"-,," ?,,;.?-,,II ..-1. ,?'-.

;?I.,-,L,.?A.:?,-?,??: ,,?.?,,I?.

,. -I..?.. ? III.,.,,,- ,(?, -??-,I-I II-I
III4:??I??I ---??, ., -q I ?,,I-,,;.,?,.? I?II,,? ,:,,-,??,??", , .,.,, :.?I,I?,.__,( ,:, -,?I?
.. .,, r?I?.-.I.",.,? ,,,

II,.?., ,`-?",, .,?._r,I,.,,,,,.-,. ;---?,, 71,.I-,

??I,.,,,.?*,., , ...,,II,-

-,?.t,,,?,?, ?,?

I. 1-I?I -II,"..?,,?, ,,-?.,,.? .,-?,,?,?, .,,1_,, , , :,,,-?"

??,I . I?.?i-u?-?-,,?::t? ,-,.

II, '?,I.,. , _? ,?,,!?,,,?%?.,,??: ?,,?"?I

I-r, ,,,?? .,-?
??,-,;???II?..I,?,,- -1 .?,"II,1.,. ,? ,,-,,.I_?I,_. I ?I- :'.,

.II?I,-,-,???, 1? i". , ?
.--tI.II ?,,.__:,-,III,

III.,T", -1,;.I,?,?,-,,",?-,.W,?,.? ,?.,,,..!,,.?I. ?

,

?. ,I, "-,,,- ,??.?- I,,?,.., , "-I ,,,:" '..; ",-I,??.- 'I, , Ili , II..?I-,
..."??.., ,, ?.?.?,I'?II,,-"-,,': ?,1??? ?,..I,-.,, ,-..

I,.y?1? ?, - ,II, --.,.-,,.*?1-11 ?- ? , ?. ,.??"'. ,?,.I,-,, - ,? .,., ??-, ,,II .I. .-,-...I,.,; ,..,?I1.
II,?'X.I I.?, I ??.???II? .,,?,,-I??A,,-",

L.I- ;-?I..I ,, ",?,.",II.- . ..I.? "?,I?. ,,"? ,!?i, ?? ?? :11 ,? I..,?, ,? .- .-

I1-I11.??I,?./I,?.??,-1.I ,,?.-?II?..:?,II,.: ,I,? ?,,,,,I,? ,- -, ,,,., ,,

,I-cI,.I,,_?m, , ?..: - ?-, I .I ;?.

I -"   , , ? I , ,? , , , , ? , ,   , - ? , :?, ?.r,? ?" ?  . i ", .- II . ,, , -. ,
IIII ? -, ,.,,?.I-II,?I,I.?, -? ?., '..," --?, -" : ,? ?, "',,.-, -,.,,??, ?,f' ,, ,; 1?,-,,i?

II?-,,,I-IIII,.,",,?I?,.?I1,I,-.-- ?? " -?
.II.I?,I.,'??11.I?I...1 ..?.'?.?"?11I?, I-,,!? I ,, ?'.,,,-II,

,i,',?. -, ,..-,?,. ? 1, . I.I'., ? I': , A-?- -? ''"..-

,IeI ._?,I1?L"I ?'?1,I11IIII.I?', - ?I??,;" ,??,.," --; ?_? I ,; 7 . .:?, ?- -- .t??,, -,I

I,?,,.- ?I .,I1? , ,??,.-, 14 ?, ,-

"

.1.?11 I'? Ii.. I,, -
,

I?I? .IrI'..I.?1, 11,Iu, 0 -, ?, ?--,,w?, S?;?4,?,,--.

II?, ,I?-? ,I11 'I, I ,,,?.,,, it, , ,,? ,?.??,??,I

"I ? ,?   "   'U ?NW Z   'S   ', -'." -k   "?   g,--- ,,   ":, - .,  11-,",? 1?,11 7??   - . ? . , ,, A ?-??:   CA? ,, i? ? -

0,=P0RXU-:-'v,0v,0i,p ox,
?-;?---I-I_F,_:,.I_ I"_?,,

.1- 1 ''. ,-j.1 ?, I ..,. , - - -, Ii 1?,_ I;i - ? _111?1_ - 1-?, .", I ? I- 1, _.,.? ? . 1? I I?;,_?i? ?"-?--,?.?.---, "

.I. - I.-?, ? ?? -.11_t ? .1, - . ??_ ,. ??

I,-,,?, ,?,II?,?-I - - . .14 . __..I I.?1?--I, .,,I,

?,? -"--,.I- .?.I-. I IIII,? . ,III'!I

?.?i46 ,i,.II, .,-I.?I`I,,II- ?_ 1-,I I1-14-??1, -?_I.- 11,III1?; 7. il .,I

,,"t-I I,, 11?1? `_1 -? I, ,I. ,,

I?I ..-?-?_-? I `?'I- ,I -? 1?
.I,?,,? .,,

-,

.,'- - `' "?` -, ?", ;?I? -I,?.
--? . .I?- 2T, ".

1? I I? I-., ?-., .#4A_ _0 , ?,

.? : I101, 'Als,rr0iffo,,

.r': ,,? 0,?V& O'sit ',-CA 4DA Ubuhiqdudial? I lb ?`,P41_1.vd,,, I

'11- 11 VOL 1. 6 -tow" Of- Ut

-?        L   ?   , 'i,   I ? -- I -,, ? ? 11 - , I   -.1   ? 1,  1-1   ,?   ,, ? , , ,,,  :, ? _,,,  , , _   ? ?, .  , "

I,-,",.?. ,.-?, ,?-.,?,.1 4 1? (?,?-

,I ,.- ?.?II ?,?;???,I; ?.11?--A

-,,- -II,,4

...'??I_ - -I .li?, , ,_.?-'i ,?.?? - _.- , , t !, 11, fl."",.,..?.

_Z_171.-*-_v4.;4k -:,1? I, .,I
?,?,-?I?'-I-----?M- ----- -'?. '% '0`,:`;`

?jp,,?
. _?,-? , _. " ,?,Ii -, I.- I", ,;II,,"" ,.,.-, 11-I?,. - ".",-. - ,,'- ?,-"-
.II, ,- ,.1.1 'I,,.-I,- ?-,

?'. .??,:_,_ DU,-1

?' 1, ,? " "'r, b` ,Li?$IIf -- 77, --- .3'-?4,, ,'. i -', - 3-

?', :i-2 --: , " ? ", ;,?, ,?w

-,I, -c ??-,I,I ,, , 107,,.?, -_,7-71777?? ??I,??,I..1 _?I. ,,.I1,,.,..177.,?,
.,.-, lw - ----I.I?, ; I1

4 M? , ,77",,,

?1.-1?,-I -, -..

,?? 1, ? , , ", ?', 1.--1?A,wo?, , II. 1. ?'j.

I-4. All, 'I.,,-'.;V.? -? ? -. ?'I? , " "I''

:, i ?1. jI I I- 1-14 __-o-riI? ,)I -.

?-1-I "'.---,

11I-0116,?
",,IIlif to ?)? Jnd?,

,?,.s, ??-?, ,__ ? ?., r .

II ,?.: ,? I-.
?."I.

-?,,?:-` _, ?. -,:.,,,I-?-I., I
1.?a-1- ''. I",,:--

,-II I., ? ,,I'?, ?-

?I,,? -?,-.."_1?1,v'- , ", I" ??I-_,; , -- -,!,__-?t?

.,?? , I?,,'k .-I- I??, .1,,-,?? ,. I?,

-- -.,I dzl-,? -11-I?,I

'

1,._?-,.,?,.,I,

,I ...,,, , 4 ''u?.a,, ',?. , -, ?. .;i ,'I , ?!.- , 7_

? ..., 1, ?, _?, -- ?, , u e, - "W .:6",;.- :_ ??4".?? ?.?,.%4?L.,.. - :1 ?? ? ,.-

-.I,,,-,-I-- I?-, )zt ? ?1,-'. ., ._? ".,,.?.:.),"?;,I.T7?7-_--,--- .. "', " Y, '.. -1 , ,', !, . ,

?,I-?'.1 , ,,,??',''.I ,I

? ,4.?, 11--..,1- - ,. III? 11"-?11?"t7l p,rLI-"

?-,,i- ,-I I,.I'I?I..?

?,,,?-, , - ?I ,?,? ," - ,I-

II,-, ??. I I? ,,,,._?,

-_;??-?,? -i.- ,,

I,.1,,

"', ?. , 1? a'.40 ?- -k Z '?-.- ..'?_ I ,"" I

.&,,Ax4 ? ?, ,.b ,.

?,Walecti?, W,'.; A., ,'I?-I.-?,?`, ".

?II . ??." ?, --I ?, ..--?.I. ?-,,,.?

,?-II?III?. ,,, -" ??.,. IOf,.1I,I

-:?-I__ -.- - ?. F10.94 1 ,I". ml.,

i.1,?-171,1.1,# ---,"

., j,-,,11 - ?1. ??,"1. ,?-? ?' , ,?

;-1,--?? ? ?? ,?,,. ,,?--. -?

,,

?,,jI .I,.1?I* -?,,. "",?-?."?.-. -_

-?",,_"k"Up't6tias `* ?_,,I""'W-r
I-, 1. -1_41w`? S. ?i*rd

T:,? ,?0 I. ?,,,, , ", * - ,,,, W!6* 6' ," p"_4'-??', 1;

-,, - k??,,-., ,,1,I"I . MY .- .?j,,-.?I ?I.

I.? ? ,"''I; '.I" ? ,I ,- ,?, -.1. I , ,c " i.11 ?, ,I"I--- . .: , 1-- , ,-

,?,,.?? ,,,- ---,u I I-.;V.,?--LI "_--, ?"-. , ?,_., ,,?( ? .II 11,?I

?1. ..-I-.,,?,M??. --I, --.
,?; .?, - -11?.,?,,?:, 1, ".I?I

.,?- III-,--, ?--?'.

I14i - t ''el '61 ?iousl`o _. a,,.,.11 - ,:?,I.

'4, , ,,-_
,iT,,f ??? - -

,
,'tit,

-0 UiL _C.by 100,??,.I

,

,. I1,,.,,, "Ilu,.;, %, ?? .?C?,,,
I?.",--,?1. I ,iI

I ?', .,11111 A!F?? ", P 41 *44le.?'-?

II ,?,: ,?? ? I. ? _.-?: .,'', .10 I ?? ",,"I j I---- ," ?- % , ,,-4? - - .- '' ?- ";, -1 '',

.I -_,IL'? -,?.,,'f?,

11?,?,:,,., . "!? ,,,"."I, ,,_i ?
?-I.?.. ", I ? 1)" .1 , %.",?I? _'? ?i, , , '-, ?%?,, , ,,?

1.I?I?? I,J,,-

"; I'- _`,-,,

?: ,- ? ? L? at - .I.I--1, ; ???Z.?

-I ?I?? " ",-.??,! ,;7??A4*_.__I.:?

I,: ?:?-- * " 1?64ax---7', - -"-----

I,??ki ? , Ilit ,4 wi;, 1.016? ,,L 4% ?r.I

"'' - i-- ?.-,!?r-?, "-,."-.-ii? .....?-I

,.x1,I- ?! I '-"--, -.11I,? _,? , ?? iI, 11 I -I

-,-, - ?4!? ei 1"._11 "'4-1 I- 11-i,

I?I? I' '_? ?'??

1.   ?%_   ?:,.`  _ ' ?   ? _   %;,,I?'.    ".     -"?_-.  _?  ',?L, ,

--II,I-a ,4,"",*,?I

?1, ? ?-?"IWI_Izdi '16 1, ,?';

.

,? ?, I1. -, 41 I - ?, - "_.., '. '', II-_ I

'.I?,-

I,_ atU

,--"'-.?, -7 'I.,.
.11.? , ?? -, 't - Tiib, VBAI??& a'Al lu M_ ,--.,. 1,-

.#?._' ,44 T "''"0 -tit -wilis--

I,- I.- IY ,1_1 ?I _-:o,".1

,?--'"I<,, -, I,i.."- ?-"? ?1? ,t? -?,-?-:

I??,'01 ,:,I ?,? ",-.v, -,??, 1;? , , , ." .11, ; ? , " .."?

-  ,

I,,'-'-'-,--"?''!1, ? ,? " -, ?_,; '"', , ''I?

?.L---" _'-1__ - '- ii??,,-,? ? , ?-?, - ? , ,:,

,?,,,'I?-,,..

,"'.,b" ?, " ?-.??.?,4.".._?..??i,_,?,..',--?, , "#
-I.If,MY$,,-,., _.

"'.- -I',..?'ji '',- ,',;;.."_.,... f?-- " ?_`-

., r-. ?,__.- -.11--, . _'I, c ?'?i I'V- I .I II ?t ,,?_ ""'.., 4,?.--I -_ . _;? ,, 6i?,.11,- ??., ?,-; ,

:,8.1,4 r," - ,., _:?. . ,-1 ?4,?;-"?,-1-- 4"-,"--,?,?! '.,?_,I-,,,,,

,,?4??..?.Z ?4 ?:.

_,, .,,,?

-,-,'-, ,

I1 7 1V ,, "-? I ". 4.1i, I?-,,i? II.I -1?I- ??,,? " ;,,.,-

,??,,I

,4 ."',-_, ? ,--L.- " ,.-?.1 I'- i, ,.-%

I, \?i: -"IC tro,.?th., Y. ?, O' ;I, ":,

I?", -1 -" _?- _?,-II-.'. . _.

I-

, ,?-

-, ? ?--da -b '', ??!:

IaI kr -,4,',,M".''
I...?,? v ""O'"-

.,7" Aiidalli,",1??I- '. --.t?xj?-

, ???4; i6_11 ??tint

,. , .-'-.?g6 I_---,II-

"III',,, _?'' ?' "I, ,1_ _?,,I

--,,,.

P' 112 I.W_ "I I ?,-", ?? 11-,,-.1, _L?-, ?,

I.,-- 1,,- _C'?,?I t" ?1?p?- ?,.,.,...?. . I

:., ? 'I., -1,,..1 '. t Oh-.0 - II' '-..:?, - , ,,)? -",, ,

-. ?1? ..":.,I.p,, ., I ?,.? -, ? ? "'i ..

?I,,Ii -.,L?--,, ,,,-'.,,,

o,,_., ;-, I .. ?,-T'O -i" -I,;,'L,- 9?7' ,"r.I-'

I..? .- * -?M ?? _. Ii4

, ,- ,

??:?; "L',-:W,,1, ?,,IIII?I_-,_,_ 1?,? w46.-,"-?;.? 4 ?,. ,m

, ,, ,-, .,I? _,
I, I".II1.? " ,,??,?'-,, O'. ",,?1' Ii. I. ? ".,j_-, -.?, .,,-.,
?,_I',,

.-jI,,-,.-

? I lit" 1. ?', "M _:11?,.??,' !?- -,;.? ?? ,?, ?. --?.Ii,

I,?IIL -1 I .,,I?I -I,

.-I. ? ,_ -1 ?I
II .- I,?,a,--"-

II 4; ?; C,?I,d-:?*.--,,

; .I" I.?,8-., ? '_?? " -,. "-
_?:_S??, _1-1:k,?,:- ?,

?1' "' , '' *.?, ?wo 1.? -Fbigo;W:,Otooj,d? _f. .? -"_??,6",

,.-I -, -, . ??,.%? ? ,- ,?I I-

-:?.?v ?1-1--

?? , ?

,-1.-?4,.? gy

11?I ?,.L, . ??., ?, i.f?,,-I!, "

II ??..,.I,,, ,-1. _?'i ?_"?-,`,? ", '??_: :_, -', w, ? 1?! _,"'. -1, ..,?,,?,-.11 ? , ?- ?;,

r11 .11 : ?t_,?.,--, 'n 4 .` ,`?,,-?'-, .;-.1?1,"' ?, ?,,,"I .,?" " ,,,, " ?-- I .,,,, ,I'- e, .I",I?,II

I-?".I? II,, ,'??,??, __?2.ij?,__??'i.? .... ?'".i..4, , ?,'14''?,., . I ,,, 1, ?
'.I? I .?!o..?. - ...--.- .??;?-. .. , ,,? ..

-?__ V!"I-.,:1 -?14--?- 11 ,,-, --,?--?.

,? ,,,,.,?,:.- -o . " ?'_ t,? ?,

II.4,.?.I1. ? -I-?-,?,?:? -jw??I. _1? ? I,,%,,, . I.

M ?-4? -_,'' - ?,_I?
?.14 'i-", ,?', ,?- -,
. 1.",-,? -0

"e",_ ,?,

?II --- I IIM,-"" ,, ".,.. ,.

,? 7.,

???I..I4?- . ... - I.-,I'.,- 1- %Y-, ,- oior- ,;? ,;, ?.',?--, ."I

II. I',..

-'m?ID I",

,,: k- ,' 'b"',-

-,??p.,?," 1, , _. __ I, ,,,,.;.. .05,
.? I? ,;, -- 11 11 -N,,, ?.?

?':?II.--L, "..,

II- - ?.:?-'L -.4.

.1?-,.,

,i*Wit!-, A" "L'

??.Ito-al -,I

_.,,1. ''01, a ev,.,-,? 1,?

"?9. 1- .-,Ip?-;:?? i9k,I ,i_ -"?. 11-.

1,4 ?-,", , ??,,-.,

,." ,,,,.,-.1
?-, ,-,

I, 1: .11 " ?' -j".

, , -
? ??? :ttx-.I

I-- ,I

.-Ml'I?i,?-,

?',I. If,-,? .?"I,`?, _-,?--,,?? _?

I:-II-??.,,? 11 11 ,,'? fo.?*:.?,-.."

I?-1 ..9,.I L, ?,v.,?-,

v',; --W, 06ieipq # - -of `,? --F,-

I. " ,??I,- -",-

.?., -I, , ??. 8? " ?,..?' ,_ ..,-

..,-?':
I I  I       ,,

?I,.,- ?-I.1?,W' , , ".,-?-tl ?. I :,. ?? ", - -,

?IL?_L Z-",_ " -?-?I-I

,,"??' "'__ ?,,' ,i?7,, 11 .: -.-, .;. I,,..I':

,? i, ,? -?`'?,- ,??- - i ,-??? I ?:?. ?:,, I ?,-- P?;z - $07 P_ , ,I ,e I .- -,
? ?1?. , ?. 4''k ?,

L,?i _p - ??II" ?,-?

,?,?",,I I III) I,'-,,??._,,

-1 I?I;?', 1,?'' 1_1 I , " ,?;

. ?.1,L,I?? .? _., L",;I-,.,I11-?r , ,- ,,?:' ?.
,.-I ?.I,,I f,.- .I,,-? :,-?y 1.?r '..?, ,,,?,"

__?., ,Li5? ,III%I??
I-_-7- , '" ?. ,-?.,, --; - ..??,"L"'..7.*-, .?-?. ".? . ?-,?..
?,;-P?IZt,Ujj?.I91?... ?? ,.

I_. I??,,?I-'LI ?,?..,?.44..?.,6??"- .., , ,? ",? kII ?,.?,"..

?I?, ,,?--9iii?? ?,io v,?.?""""', ,.??,_,- ',','V..,,,: ?,-, ? " , ?;, ? , ''

I-?.., - ,',?-", 7?',,. ??--tizt,7? ,m

II,,,- ?,?
I__ . . ,:,.
.           ? . .   I ? -?          7 ' I, ,,, 11  II   .0 .  ." I_?.

1,"?. :.1 I ? 1. 1-?,, ` 1. 1- :... ... f - .? ?,_ I ,--, -? "?.;',II ,.i",,!:,- ?,':

?!`? .,,!?11?;: - ,"".__ ",,; .. -- 67 ?:'-??:-,??'A_? Z?,?t.lo', _:I
--I;-, 11 I --JVV,'': ..-,

II.- - ?-.'? , 4", 1zII1- ,IA ?,.!??-- i

, ? ? , ,      'O-r. AV`8?,! ,,'..- - . _*4,  ''06

,I- ,,-,? Tol"'o'-. oc - "t 77 14 _? I, ?:

,

?

i, ,,-,% -?i itt P", X?I 10

,4 A -S,I.??_, m 1?-?'!777- ,,-',' N ??`?.?

,

?'? ?? , ?, ,,i-0 11?-I I,t?j

,,? - ..,14,? ?, ?,?-

11 ,nd-I., I " ?,?-

'1?I,-?,,","..I.?,`, %. ;E -,, . ,-,-..?". .. ''.

". ?_11_1 ?, ,?, 1,"11 _', ?, ? .??zI- ", ,.'? " ,??,-::-:-,,,

II,,?_ --? I', I-I. -,' ,,, ?, ,,, ? -,-,? '.-?? -? "?", -, ",:" ,.%I'_ :_ `-'L?, ,,,,- ',,'??`,

11-_,.?? ,I?'', ?- ? ?,?, ,4:?-',7 - "I,- ,? _"L-1?. -"? -:? .: .? I ?L''"_? L' "__', ?,..I.. I.?--.I..."_? 7L?A..

,I..7:2-II. I-,_ . -II

-,.- ,?'?-,I -,I,,1, -?' -', ? ??..:"-? .?_? '?I."

,?,,? I ?7 SV, ;.',,', ,_,??) ??? - - I
,.,,I "', pp, .40 47 1.

-?,",-i I?I?", -o .1_-, - IO

.," _ -? ,I,?_ ,?,"';,'. ., 1 - ?:,-,,. ??' , ,,, ,? !,;, -_?,".I. f, ".-1.I.? .,,, ,., f ", ,.?11 I I:I- I.w?:. "?,

IIII, I -_?? q-'.?.? ,-?- ,?, ?-??I-I?? II?,III,11,.?: I., ?.::..,_C' _ I?

L:3-.?',,1'..,, ?_._. I I ?, ,:,;?
I-?- ?`,- i"", A '- ? ,'i4,"

II'_..-,1?I,v_,7_",`_#I'?' 'W _??, ''I' :1,p

Llw,I .la?I-

-??,:-?,,?`I, iql-._'. ''I I., -,u-b'2'4,,

II Ui_-?I 0. ?a ,?.;?:,,.,,-'?? Y'..?

? A.4 , w, ,.I ., ?L "I ?.,

I-;?' ?, .

?, -, -, ,. '. ?I ?.-f ? r?, ?,"-, __,- 7 ?,; ,?,_4-. :-".. "i.. .-?A:, ?_i, II I?,.?? .,11 -

.,

-# iii?j_-, I I',_'I-I

t?.-A :1 : -? i,(?, -, i,,6iI_,-,6t__V?ijIisv,

?, ,"-m ,,4O, 7, -_':

,,,,,,,_? "I

,-, ?I-, ,? - ?,_, ,? "',I """,,.,I, ,-
i-?:?_., - " , ,?- ,. __"__ " ?_-?_ I, -- ,? - ?- ,??:, "t?7 !!?_,,-?,,',, i?

?- ":.?:-:"-? " ", L1. "-..-I _: ,?L?-,., 'I ?r,,

- ,

?, ,I ?.? .1",I;,?,LI., -I-,,.? ??"?,`-,?-,

-1? , .? -.---, _11!" ,.I ?- --I
I.1 -1 ?-,-.

I?_,-,--- 1.0",
L.1 1917,",,

,", ,, "II.: I_-4??",-""" -,__,i-i?t?4 ;.Af.";??.?4 _4;..,?, ?? 4?. ?".??,-?,'_I., ? ?

?--?? ?? ??,-, -',?' -.'.?' ? ?''I-,. iv" -I _. __?, -_.1?I jL?.",I, ?,I,

.I?.1 -, - ? ?1._?- '?'- -? ,-, -.?

.II -, _I,_ ,- ;":,
,1",.Z.??

44     4  4                                       4    44       4                                                                                    44     44                         444                      4

44             44                .              4                                4                   6       4

'6                                                                                   4444                                                    4

4                         4                 .4?                                                    4      44'

44                                                        444                  -             44                                                  4            4

6          .                                                           6                     '                      '                        44                                       '                     6   '                       4             4

44          44             ,            4                     4              44         '                          4                      46         '                                  '      4                         4           4

IIiI; . IIII??7. ,II,,?-?-,III-?,. . ." ;I, - ?I..j -1?1? , ? ,?." - .:?_ , ,-,_-?l ll?I.'. 4 1, ". j ?' "", ,', ? ,?,

..?-_? :'!??,,,_7 . ". !?,,,. ?.
,"II?? ,- .: i .?.--I?, , I.... -, ?I ,?_,? ?:

,I??.. I, ?-I.I ,I?,I??_.,?,f.;- 1-? ,..,I1 .,,,-,,,,,

11.III-11 -?-? 1., ?.- ,?,I ,?.-',; .,A,:,

I?,.;,I.I1 I.?, 1?.I.,"I.. ?? " '. s, ?,.I-. .?, , I .I;",%,3?- ,? !, ;?"--I,.IIIi" , ;,,,;,-,'-,.I ??.I.I,?, " ??-
I.I.,?I,,;.,I,?? I-I.-,IIII,I?,,,.I ,..
III,. I. ?I1 -". I...I?IIIII.?. ,.I1. I-.Ill? .II I I.,I,III?I.'.,,? .,

,,I-I,;!II1,,?,,- ,m-,,.?'I,.? ,.. ? , -,,,I.I.?...,":
III?-???1?I? "I,.II I,: ?I?? .,

,

I.?,,
:I.II..?,...I-I .1,,?-

I..-i..?, , ",I,"-r-.1 11..,,,.,'41'..1,,,.- ",?

.."?'?????.--II1,?y,?.1,1,",_..mI..,I--._,.?.?l I I,,I.I,,-?.

III,,.1-,"?, ,?I-, ..?,..:'.,I,.? ,I-

?-I, ..?..,! .I.,I?!,,;, :i.,?II--
.."III-??'_ I .,.- c

I.. , ?:.?.,,

,.?,,,,,?,I,.,,?.i?I...,:,.II??kll-,4?,,,;

,,,,.-. ,:1,,,-I?.?I;I.,?,,,,,,-"'?
?I."?;.14??11.It?..,.,,-.???-,,..II1,.-,..-.1.?I?.?, ?,??-II
I.I,I::.-,,II,,,, -I

II-I,I.??.,IIII?I.?,?,?.?..?".,,.:I.

-?I11-,_? 1?1 .;. .,,?.I.,II?I?;". "..'.

-IIII..?,,

-.-I",.,,????',?.
II?IJI?_,II.'.r

"?I.!III?I..?,".,;? :?
1,I,,?-I--I,-.1II,;I.!I... ?.I
I,,I,.?i..1...,..,-11,.I.?

...I,I?1.--!I..11?"?- "?I-I

..:Ir.N,,I?,,,?. .I?I?,1,I,, ?'-,-?,?`?:I-. ?..-1I--.-I?,IIIi`,?.11I,??

",.?..1.-,..II, ?, ?,,,.I .I,. ,,,1???.??,?1.,)- ,-,-"!." , ?III.I1 ?1? , ,?,I .III?II?,.,,..I-,,':,,.,--,-1, , ,??I

1,.?I.?.?,,.,".,.1,.,?I,I.,;.",,,I1.7 ,, .? - ,I,I ?;_. ?..??.?.
I,:?,,:I?,,,,,?. ;11?.-, ?, - ?,II?' ,?I

?..- I?_,I,.4,? ?,Ii, :.,0,,, .",?:,?;II,III;;_I?,?,,,

.... Ii?I?,I?,11?_? .?,I?,:-,,_,,,
?-,?.... I,.,Ii??,".,.

,,":,?-?11",I?i,II
? ,,?I.I;,I? I?,.?,, I.. "I,? 1???__4,?!,",,?-.,,

??,;rI. I?;.iI,,",?,?I, ,??A

I,?,e,:.?II .,,:?,?1?I,:, '.I
I ,.,?,,-.-;?,-. I,jI,!,,,,I

,, ,?-,,.??:I.I

", ,I??I,1?,,,':,,-.?IIt,?-,I" I,,,,,?

..??,,i:I%.',?,,, '.-,.; 1? . ,If, -- ,I,?11,1. 1".,?,,t??I"?,-,,. .

??II:,I1,I?l,,? ,, .,, ,.-??...,I

J,I?,-.II,, ?.,,-,
-?     " , ?,  ?,;  , - , - I. r?  ., I " ,_ - , ,?   ", ? ?- , - , ?., ?" " -  , I ? ? I - ;? ,,,, ." ? ; ,I
I. "..?.O. , "I.,, ",?1 .-,..?., ,I,I,?

,,? , .? ,??",,,?,,,?-,I," " ,"--,.,9,

''I.I., ?.,?-- .,-
,,,,,1 ?;' ?,i"',-I?-, ,-,?

.i,?,;: l ; ,:?? ?,,?:jII:I-F,I.-,?-1 :i.,-,., ,?I,?,?,,,,,?,

? ,,,.?I.,,.?"..? ,I .,?-,J,I I,.?",.I;,?I-I.,??, ?,-,-,,.. I,- ,:,?." - ? 'I,

?2e.,y?? , ,?-?/I. I,II".II-II ?.

., 1,-?,:-.,", ill.,,;,, ?".,-.? -,I?].,,,_'l -,,., . ?..,-II??. ? ,,I

,II,II1, .,?,. , 1,,,,I,1?. "I?-?. , ?,.-",,I. ,I.?.11141
i.,l I,,,; ?I.I?,?;??I?,,1. ?,,? ,!:?". ..1."I1.vI?I." ,,?,-4
,; ?"-I?-.??I ,.,f , ",-11I.I.?I,I?I . 11,`,?:?i..?, ? ,?
?.?.II..II II1?,III,,I?,

., .1 ?.,I.,.'.II.-?"I !?

-Ii

.,11.I ?l?,i?,,"i ?__ , 1, "'t,

I?II?OVA XFOAX. .1 ? , '.. '!?I. ?,,'.
I?? i-?-? ?" ?

II?1? I I?7 _?,-._-tTlqxvlrlAbllTXlW I.,,ICAT_, 10C :11-11I

?Ii?II11Mloxo??l --,

.:, -?.1,..-1? Y''.I-? I " - ? ?- ,,?,.,-. .

I. , 1. "'I .,; .
.?11 .1 ll?.? 1??11?1 I.?. ? I 1?'?,? -', ,, - " ,,, ? ?,?.-,?;I'Y;?t_ I'll 11: ?' ?l ,l/ ''. , " -S".
??_? " , I.-I" ` - , ".-I, ", '??' I',?.,.-?, - 1,??.-

?, 1.---I . "?'. I ----.??_ "11 - ...,. ,? 1? ". 11, ?,-?-?--?-'-:,- ..?,_-_, ?.il.,? .,

.., - i ,I -'. -I? .?,11 - , I., 1-1-1I? I- -,

?.,- 1,Ii - " I-'- '?_I. .I,? 1. I, ..

,.-? ,.,,,,-.-, ? , ""
I,- ,,,.II11 ,-,-II?--_?

?. I.I ?.?,.&.,, ?'., ". . I

,?
?

I1,--, -.I-Ajidedt 446,,
?I..?,
p? ?, 1. ,i9il? 10,

I-.??,l iiiAkft, :,6 ,, ux I Op ,?

.?-I ?.-?

? I?. _:?'..I:-. ?i
: .1, :1 1, , "'!. II"- --'!!tl

I,I I..
'.-II-...

... I .?1- 11.,.,7. ,?.4??;. .,

,, .1.-?16-1091 " ;"--??. , -??.-

_?? '_? ?,I,-,"4, '.?,V Vp- I1. 11,I
,r-twu 11 -t I Im' ''I

?,I-__ I I

-V761, tbo,.? 171-1..? "?

I.,., .17o,"-1,

??1_1 11 ",.? V

,.x41 io

,,41d, 11' i?lll` "

P:,,,?.,? -4 , v? ??

-.I "..

I?4 ,I ,?..,-I

,_14,., ,_,ar'.. . 1?V4, "?l._1_11 I.-

,,,?15D-40?I

,V-Iuc,? A?,I
.11 -1II.I

?,?I. ?`?,-_ ?11II-

?,r,I'.I1. " --- I

11, .,l. I. I I_. .,-"Z,'Ja?-,. 4DqjtU'X?i6,, -'ft?'tr66 *"'I'91 p,

.II.. "Ilf'ot-V 4,

-.1IrI ol I IL ,,,

., . .,r..OaI. ?lI-,?, ??- - -I ".II'll o", -?,?,.'-..

,   1,. ,  11- I. I1 ? 1,   . I. ,. I,   ' . I .. I.11   ?' "", -?,,   , " , ,   ,,, , I 1,   ,   :i .,   , , "

,,

I., ', ??, . -, ,?,,,,-,41

?'"I11,1: ?,? I il-,I",,t"?-I,,-f . I,,t., ??

",, ,. 1,I_ --.,?II11I

IIII?,,-?..i."4..,?,- -- -`4?4?,4,.---- ,,I

I,,,.:IM 4?, "

I.I-Selo'Ae"i-ibei -49 4-a"?,.?,.";??.??--?,??.;..t?,?.-t"?Y, , ??.,? '. _..,?

11 .,.I,I. ., ? ",?,." , , . ?. t? . II.,__ --."f ?, ., ,..I

.?"I" ?,, " , ,% f?. , , , 1, '. , 2Q, ?,. --tilw :, ? I - ?,X_Uft, '10*o?,II

. .:ItA?,,.?_? 'A,,,,?F",

-:,, ?-, 1. " ::.-

I , 1,   ?1:   I   I . .. ,   ,?,.I .?$   I .1  .1. ,,  .:  -, :   I , . " _?, ?,?

'19".I11 ,..I, '?, :; )
.,,0?

4? ,?I.#?,

'.?,..,? U ]*or, lik,.

. #:'.1,11 it

.1 " '' ,? .1,-,

.1, 1.?,? "',-6.?l t."I-? I, "i"..; ,. , "? - I.,I-? 1,?,- -I?

JI I ? i'' ?' ,'? %_,", &'Wijmt6r-&#l&S, '',tlifi Ift I?, J?i 1dIt, ".? ,,

-'"'

?- -.- ''?I- ..* - '' ''

,lolgu lt-,'? i'??I.I

I, "T .. "; ?, ?0?d
I'"'Al.), A?stou '' ?? "-??..o.,i,...4' '' -,".;*. ,? -.0

?...",.'.1 -?l ?i ..Ii- f,
..I0I_llkl? I P?.I.

4. ? ,,,,, ?I:4

,?,? ?.",.. "- ?I I ??Vp I zT "?, ? ?

?11. ., '' 171--i ??- ,,., MV.,,I

,: ,-??',

?. ?-,, - ,,?, `,

?,I I,.: 1,.,,-.I I"

,.,,,?01II ?-?I?,.71??111 11
?I,. -,?.I..I

?

.I??.,.

.-,-??9

,,'II.- ,I "W , rl*I,.'' (.,
.?';,

.. I1.?W&U,a IX* ot --b7,Plk',,

".j': , ,..,''4?,

,.. .1?,I-, ? ,-:-..-

-

.I -11.,

.,.-,' OfIfi" -,,

?:i.ttib ';6d,d
.I -* ,?, I4AA; ... I II I- u, .?
,?-I?,A- itai , , ,"'rWiu,k4,

.... - ?I .? IT-. II . ?I ..? I ., 6 -,. ?1_ .?' ''.11 .1. !?-?;,,. " "-

'I, __Cr_k ''. 1. . ?I 1- I 40,.,Ii, -.1??-,.lz?
I?II11?-1 I-,,?,!-?,-,-;

I1, .11. ''. ,-?,.1.I.. I

..I.m . I ?rl- 1. -,

I?II_11, ?,." t?__ -11 '. y. ??.,?_.. -- '-'I?;''I, ?

;I.,?'?_'??.lp -2 -?. 2? $, 1 fli tle.x. I'll ler tuar ,?-_, ?-;-
.?I PI' I., , -V, , -IL$?2C,!._,".r. - ..?'. 'i?d ,,?

I..''?? q'It...,

?,I", ?, ,i*.; I ',x.,
I,, ?I.,..?,w,,,:.

,:,?*.,O,-'_?"-

'k I ;__..l.L 'I, I,

-

?,! , , , ??,? M." ,"I, -, 'Y,, " , ,''4III I

?. III'll -o"

I? I-"?.'l 1.I?,."I?,-.?_".., -6., o.-

.,II0.4'.. ?. ?I ?,:%-

?: 11 1 .? - ?- ,?'_ ,, ._', ?.,-, ,? ? ? t'_. , -,I"I-,

III?11I''?-,.,?, ,,'', ";"II ? , "!" ? `,? f, ?,

?,

I'.,
,?? ?l I-,,4..??,

III?,I.1 .k' f-?? 16 '?:,,-

,,,

, ,I I- "144"Til " -, ,-? , _P ?', - 0,74, i -. go?.ttinbik,,

I,- &,X1 O?';.

??,;? ?. I1" -"?

I?,,I.I,7--i", 711;W, ,, - ;It ,:,? ., , 0

.,?

",I 't?wi',,, ih?ii- U-6, ".bllk   ? , , M,  .?? p "- ? , ? 7?Odi ?., _??  ItL"

.

1? .,.,? '-,41 -A 1,JW-1?,:?,?, ,;?,?
?, .""'t,-
, -,

,_ ;:?, I ?I 1. I I .,? ; !, ,?4,.,, '' '' ?1.II,, 1.I*.. ?0",,.- :!t` , ? ?'.,,,' ??'.1`1. II I. .,..--,,

? 'I', ''., "
lll?? ? I - ?, , ""-

11 . ," .""",? ''.,
--1"'r,""ll.

??4 ,I ,,, 4,?.ted,

IIt.

I_, ',-ate$ ',I v,

,I1? " ,?I ?:, ,?-.02 ,." !-!!'-W?.-.-?4tI

, -?,. I?.

-

?_, -- , ??.' 365-372, p'l ? I, -O' ""' aii "'It.. _i,,.; ,,'.351,
':I,",,-.. ?l1. II I1. I.., t'.IfI"I

-? ". :,V_?-,", 61 ? I ? ". , -, ,--, ", ?I ,- "4?-, - - 1'.,_ liu 1 I;'. ?` 1. I -i,

?,?? :' ,,? ,? ?,,, '? "i -- ?.??t.??,.",e?,

.?I.-?V6? -, - ' A'""'..??
.,,,Ot., , I 7 11 " L. I,,
I

-I.." 1"'??, _%l..?,-6??:--,,, " V rw

?_ ?;?,-:41, iw,

I,,",, I? ..to

0, , a_de b ,-

-II, ?I1:7? -X, , "?--,,? ?, -I

11 '', I I,
.?? - ;.,Oi. II-1,

,

1? II'14, ?,

?,,46:'_?__-,111?1`

t?..i.?-,?, I?_ 1-1.!, - I

,r" ... ,,,,
, ",,;i,-I",

?.-.,?? ,7 ._.,.,I_?

?I?-?,.1- " I.?,,?O, , .??-,.?, ,''. 1: I'.??.

I?'? -',, 11?I

?..%??.-I''b-1 40-,

-47?466 'i' '2.? 1 N?t -10? _'. ?. .....

?,I?,v .I__.".???-

. ,

Ip

.1, I?-. - ?., I??_?..--PlAte 1. ?ov,,? " : - _,,,-.1-11f

- ?I... "I11..?, , - ,!' _ , ;,,,-i,.,K-, I- 11,I- .,-??_--,I

"I-.I 1.?; 1. " i. 4i 4t-: , ,I? :,I ,,-, ?:1I

` , ."II -. -1. -_ I.. 1. i? -1; -,,?? I-

I"??,!,? ?_ , r,"1, 11,1, ... I-II.",.I ,- ;I ?-,i J-

"I I ..II," ?. ., . , ?I, 1, 1,1., 1,

.II,II ,-?,,? , ,, ?,

I?-, nI11,.,..,?,

, !,-,-7,?.

I III, '' 'J, . ?.?,
I.,I-1

?A _',,'' --,_?, I.I. , /, ''.I.'. . ,:,.?,

'o j$ ? 1; "W ''

,:7. . I :..,I. It4l"Anov,;?

? II,? I.?,,,,, ,tibn

??'. , :?, , ." - , :,," _-,.'' ?.":."
;;?!"-"-11 ??;2 1? . I_, , I. .I "-, 't ,'-,,_e "...."'.., ".-1 1? -,,?

"I.u'-_ '?..,, ?l,

I? ,-1 IiI".?' , ll? " ,?,-

f, ,, ",-_?,

'''d"7' '. ": 'gI,,
IIII,,-.I--?,

, II,,-??,,,'djk?r ..-,

-11 I _,? . ,,*_P " I

"T.;,p

., ,i,,'? M,I.,I,,

..? 1, ??:,. 6?tl d Ibtl?,IWo,,I?. - 1? 86fl, " -.1. -I

,,-41 , ioo.?.,

-7? .1 , ?4 I f, , 4, ,,??.

,,, .1", ? "'., - 1, 1%, ,?, j,? ",?

-1 ''

-," , , ?.??"
':,?_ , .I ?

"

,"..;,??*.-?...,.,10 ?r - I'',I

,, ioAlifI7. 7.11, ,?5,
., lw oiwlkll

,?? ,? ?_ 11-, ?''],

,..6?,1'. . "

.",?_F? 7?4 ??!l ? "I".tsmiI,?

?,-",'-'',, ---, 'I

1-,I. '' ?,c 0?4 ?', -,j* " :,

,,, , ,?,,,-." ? ?'-"?- ?' I 7, "..41

...- M,? , -et!-??

j?l., ?1, 1.?,

,I-?:?.? ?, I-,,'?-.,.?.?_., . 4.

....??. 4'?29 32; #,?.l . ".. .?-..?--??.'?...,.'.?,.,'.,?'..;...?'",?.????.. .,?'_?..4?4_ "I

,I "I.!?z-I.,,? "I ", -, .lq,,.. Ili??I?

1?_ ?'?I?? . I?11 . 4?".11. I, ," I...

-''?
I                       - -   I . .

.I--1 ?--28,40 -t, ?'-", ? ?.

.?.,11 l_ ??, I.-_?
1,'

I",II11% "'.. .,, ,
. I;, '',"f,, "??,-,"O "Yo" '4" y", wiiisi-o ok* ?,?- p16.1-11 ll:? I ?

?O,v ,-

11 -, ?,? ?, ?,?I;? 1?? '',,, 11",.. _- _i?1114

11,I-,?"'V-,, 1,
?, -,? - ..,-'-? ditt
'' ,,,.-;? fi?".-?'11! ,,, gadOll; , "d,W ?*

??,:,MVI` 11! I , ? - 77, ? ,',(,', 7? l',.!,,."", ?;,,,,

, ?D ?.i6?? z ,,,

?"

.I-

I.,
.?.?I ?., .,RI ,.6 ,?il _,.IV,?

II, .II.,I)1926_? I? ?. ?l .,?_,- " )..?I .,;.,I?, T , I !?,-?,.

?? 'I', 4? ..????'. . ?1,,,,;' ,, -? "', , .,!",I; ": , ,.1 -?;l a ,. -

, ;?i,, ????-,, ?'. II IIMI, ,,. ,7i, 'r . ., "-?-?-?? :,,,",?' ".

II" .111- -?. .,1- `,?;"?,.;.",O."i?;4-4. ?? ? ,?.,.?t.- _?.,-?.,,.4.....t-4.. 7.? ... .,-",1.$`

.4?..?_...?tji;,-,_ -?,! ,.,?;. _-._ ,-,3'. , "

I?": .:, ?, ? ,?.. 1, I ,'?? ,-? ,? ,....

.?,-1,Iy!V,.,`!-'-,-1-7,-7., ? ,,I117 ? I"?,

--,

,,._17

-?--W_.:31904;.,?w
I,i.. ?,.:'&,W'-,. ,?,?:?,?

??? , ?, ?-? ": "' I.-? %ok ',C,Igv ''W ,G.' iI" I ?,, ,-I' 41?, -.,

') - ?I

?I ."..1 -W ? by ? -,,;4dvO4 d , ? - ,, ,?d- !1?0.:tlD .1 .,.,6..

-. ?. I,." ?! ?-..,,1, - 926, , .

I' i.- ",?"-.1 ?? N-1.I.,-.

1? -I-.c -?- -?-,_?-, ??L ". , I".

.- I?? I? ?-? .,.?.I

,,??,. I .I". ,,_. '' 11 ?.?el.

'

1, ..-,?,-_ _. . ?,..-11

?,II .-.

., ?- -,i,.,?",,? -I

.-,? .:?,, "., ?, k, _ ?.

I.1. C;,-

;.1 ? 1, .,?,,I. 1?1??, ,'' . ,? ,

..I.: I?I-'V_ -;?4 ,-41i.?"..,? ?-,'_?,,,1?,.?4"'l

-,.,?"I ""-1-, ,"".

-,,,? ". 11-.'. . i. . ,--I -?, -_ .:-?4-,
?` _-?,,,? -,.?,;' -j ?,,-, :,':-?, ?? ,? ,,?,,.I. .1 ?.l,

. ., I I I jU41jeX ? 0?,..,

?_..,V.,-,? ?

I-,I,I ''),.,.?I"l,,--

?? '.J, , ,, 1. ,..I.tI ''"11I,- 1?

; .I" 1???- , -., -.,-, ,. ,'4'_ - I.11-, .)_?..., ,.

,,?l -, ' ',,?,,. .,. II"-" -- ? ?,,I

.?lI'. ?"I-, 1-._r ,! -0 " ":k L;,192 -.,?,: ?". " " -.

-,.j., - ."e'j,a,.? -1
,.I,?175'? -_?
I11-I?,,. , Tt.,?,11?11?1?1 I I ?, !), I ?,

.,! ,, I'.?.? ? '9411A ?j,,,

".?(",-,,.?

'I'll,I..'4'
,

?,I"I",-'&: ,'bj J? iA ', `

-.. - ?;: - 11 J;.,101,

?II: !,1-, 0- '' _T_iJc* Tirst ?'_l di,t-Ui - " -
,,? ., " ?I..13,4

V-114, .4 ?6 ,t

.,. , 1,*11", .1 III ; Ol I't "' ;?,-,- _,?, -,' I -, ? ?

k-PIT "-,:-,, ,

''o -,I, ,"', ?

.4'---,

-                                   4

4,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    -                   4'
-4'.                                                                              -                                                                                                   -                                                                                                                                              -

'/4'

4'                          .                                                                                                                                    .4'

-                                                                                                         -                       -4     4'.                     ,                        -                                                                             4

-.4'.              44'                4'

-'4