INDEX* Agates, 376. Agua Caliente Indians. See Cupeflo Indians. Alaska Indians, culture of, 368. Algonkin linguistic stock, 250-251. Arcata, California, 248. Archaeology of the Wiyot Territory, sites or deposits, 255, 256-257, 258, 260-261, 275-281; classes of remains, 279-281; illustrations of, opp. 414, 416, 424, 428. Gunther island shellmound (site 67), 337-386, 352; environment, 337; size, shape, composition, 339-345; vertebrate remains, 345; age, 347; human remains, 350; material culture, 357. Arrow tree, 252, 253; picture of, opp. 410. Artifacts of the Wiyot Indians, 280, 387-392. See also Implements. Athapascan Indians, 251-256; plant names, 234; geographical names, 284, 285, 290-292. Barrett, S. A., 437. Basketry, 386. "Battle-grounds," Indian, 257. Beads, use of, by Wiyot Indians, 386. Bear shamans, 209-211. Blue Lake, Indian settlements near, 263-265. Bodega, Spanish explorer, 241. Bone, objects of, 382-384. Bucksport, California, 248. Burials, Indian, 254, 350, 351-353, 367-368, 386. See also Cremation. Cahuilla Indians, totems of, 169, 170, 186; clan and moiety organiza- tion, 186-188, 215, 216, 219; myths, 188; list of clans, 189-191. California, aboriginal population, esti- mates, 298-305; treatment of, 308-311, 317-329, 334-337; reser- vation system, 311-316; massacres by the whites in 1860, 329-334. See also under Indian and names of Indian tribes. Moieties, clans, and totems in, 215- 219; map showing locations of, opp. 215; varieties of moiety or- ganization, 215; distribution of clan organization, four groups, 216, 217; affinity and ultimate origin of, 218; problem of totem- ism, 219. Cardium, 280. Charmstones, 255. Chert, formation in Humboldt bay region, 279; implements of, 357, 359, 360, 361, 375. Chilula Indians, 251-253; the "Arrow Tree, " 252. Chukchansi Indians, 216. Chumash Indians, 216. Chunut Indians, 216. Clan names; Luisenio, 203; of women: Piman, 176, 219; - Shoshonean (Serrano), 180; Yuman, 157-161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 219. Clans and Moieties in Southern Cali- fornia, 155-219; Indian inform- ants on, 164, 166, 167, 172, 176, 187, 192, 209 note, 211. Clay, objects of, 377-380. Clowns, in Indian dance ceremonies, 457. Composition of Gunther Island shell- mound, 339-344, 346. See also Gunther island. Copper, 242. Cocopa Indians, 156, 216; clans of, 158, 159-161; women 's clan names, 162, 163, 164, 165; clan customs, 166; totem beliefs, 166. Colorado river Indian tribes, 156, 215, 216. Coulter, 5. Cremation, 347, 353. Culture, material, of Indians in Wiyot Territory, 357-392. See also Artifacts; Implements; Names of materials, etc. Cupenfo Indians, 170; clan and moiety organization, 192-199, 216; to- tems, 192, 193; clans and parties of, 193-195; ceremonies and cus- toms, 196-198; myths, 199-201. Curtis, E. S., acknowledgment, 157; cited and quoted on Piman clan system, 174-176. Dances (dance ceremonies), 174, 196, 208, 213, 268, 269, 282, 461, 462, 464, 472; ceremonial objects, 441-442; Tuya dances, 447, 454, 457, 460; Moki dance, 451; sweat dances, 454, 461; Toto dance songs, 481. See also Orations; Wintun Indians. de la Cuesta, A., 5. * Univ. Calif. Publ. Am. Arch. Ethn., XIV. [503] Index Diegueno Indians, 156; clan features of, 167, 216; list of clans of, 167- 168, 174; clan customs, 168-169; culture and origin myth of the Southern Dieguenio, 169-172. Northern Dieguefno, clans, 172-173; clan customs, 173. Dixon, R. B., 5. Dixon and Kroeber, cited, 250. Drake, Francis, 241. Eel river, Indian settlements on, 271- 272. Emeryville, shellmound, 347. Ethnobotany of Humboldt bay re- gion, 231-235; Wiyot plant names and uses, 232; Athapascan plant names, 234. Ethnogeography and Archaeology of the Wiyot Territory, 221-436. See also Wiyot Territory. Eureka, Indian villages near town of, 266-269. Exogamy, 166, 167, 169, 173, 177, 178, 180, 186, 193, 213. Fauna of Humboldt bay region, 235- 251; mammals, 235; birds, 237; fish, 237; mollusks, 239; other fauna, 240. Ferrelo, Spanish explorer, 241. Flint, 256; implements of, 358, 359, 360, 361; illustrated, opp. 420, 422; in Gunther island shell- mound, 376. Gabrielino Indians, 216. Gambling songs, Indian, 483, 484. Gashowu Indians, 216. Genetic Relationship of the North American Indian Languages, 489- 502; early studies of, 489-490; list of linguistic stocks in North America, 490,; fundamental re- semblances, morphological, 490- 491; with reference to specific tracts, 491; three subgroups sug- gested, 492; ethnological consid- erations, 492; data demonstrat- ing, 493-502. Geographical names used by Indians: Athapascan, 284, 285, 290-292; Yurok, 297-298; Wiyot, 284-285, 286-290, 292-296. Geology of the Humboldt bay region, 279-280. Gifford, E. W., 155. Glen Cove, shellmound, 347. Goddard, P. E., cited, 255, 264. Gould and Yates, 5. Gunther island, massacre on, 263, 268. Gunther island shellmound, 225, 266, 268, 283, 352; archaeology of, 337-386; environment, size, and shape, 337; composition, 339; vertebrate remains, 345; age, 347; human remains, 350; mate- rial culture, 357. Hale, N., 5. Harrington, J. P., acknowledgment, 157. Henshaw, H. W., 5. Hesi ceremony. See Wintun Hesi ceremony. Hokan family of Indian languages, 5. Hopi Indians, 219. Horn, objects of, 380-381. Hudson Bay Company, 247. Human remains in shellmounds, 350. Human sacrifice among Indians, 368, 372. Humboldt bay, discovery of, 245; ln- dian settlements on, 269-271; early map of, opp. 406. Humboldt bay region, 226-248, 279- 280; physiography, 226; forest, 228; prairie, 230; Indian trails, 230; ethnobotany, 231; discovery and settlement, 241. Humboldt city, 270. Hustenate, shellmound described by Schumacher, 349, 352, 354, 356. Implements of the Wiyot Indians, 280, 357-375. Indian Commissioners for California, 1851, report of, 298; various esti- mates of its members as to abo- riginal population, 299-301. Indian ceremonial systems, 438, 440. See also Wintun Hesi ceremony; Wintun Indians. Indian languages, Hokan, and Isko- man, groups, 5; vocabularies of, 5. See also Genetic Relationship, etc.; Salinan Indians, Language of. Indian reservation system in Cali- fornia, 311-316. "Indian Wars" in California, 309- 311. Iron, 242. "Iskoman" group, of Indian lan- guages, 5. Juanefno Indians, 216. Kamia Indians, clan names, 158, 159, 161, 162, 164, 167. Kawaiisu Indians, 216. Klamath river, 248. Kohuana Indians, clan names, 156- 162. Kroeber, A. L., 5; cited, 250, 269, 282; acknowledgment, 155, 157. Kroeber and Dixon, R. B., cited, 250. Lindsey, W. R., cited, 259. Loud, L. L., 221. [504] Index Luiseflo Indians, non-totemic, 201; organization, 201-202, 216; clan names, 202, 203-205; parties, 206- 208, 212; customs, 208-212, 213; bear shamans, 209-211; myths, 212; individual names, 214. McKee expedition of 1851, 298-300, 301. Macoma nasuta, 280. Mad river, Wiyot Indian settlements on, 258-263. Mad river slough, Wiyot Indian set- tlements on, 265-266. Maidu Indians, ceremonial dance sys- tem, 440; ceremonial clown, 457. Maricopa Indians, clan names, 156- 162. Mason, J. Alden, 1. Massacres of, 1860, 270, 272, 274, 329- 334; at Gunther island, 263, 268. Matthole Indians, 256. Maurelle, cited, 245. Miwok moieties, 176, 215; clan names, 202; personal names, 219. Mohave Indians, clans of, 156-16]; women's clan names, 164-165; clan organization, 216. Moieties, and Clans, of Southem Cali- fornia, 155-219. Moki, ceremonial dance, cloak for, 442; the dance, 451; speeches, 476-479. Mono moiety organization, 215. Mythology (mythological interest), myths, among the Wiyot Indians, 281-284; among the Athapascan Indians, 283, 284. Mytilus calif ornianus, 280. edulis, 280. Nongatl Indians, 255. Nutunutu Indians, 216. Obsidian in Humboldt bay region, 243, 280, 376; ceremonial blades, knives, etc., 357, 358, 359, 360, 361; illustrated, opp. 420. Ophthalmia among Wiyot Indians, 278. Orations, in Indian dance ceremonies, 452, 460, 462, 465, 473, 475-482 (Bole Ho), 476. Papago Indians, totemic clans in, 174-177; clan names, 219. Paphia, 280. Pestles, sandstone, 361-363; figures of, 389. Pima Indians, totemic clans of, 174- 176; clan names, 219. Piman clans. See Papago Indians; Pima Indians. Pomo Indians, ceremonial clowns of, 457. Powell, J. W., 5. Powers, S., cited, 253, 254, 256. Quartz, 376. Radin, P., 489. Russell, F., cited and quoted, on Pima clan system, 174, 176. Russians, The, on the Pacific Coast, 245. Salinan Indians, The Language of the, 1-154; early work on, 4-6; In- dian informants, 4; dialect of, 6; phonology, 7-17; morphology, 18- 58; texts, 59-120; vocabulary, 121-154. See also pages 1-3. Sandstone, 376; implements, 361-375, 379. San Francisco bay, shellmounds, 245. Sapir, E., 5. Saxidomws, 280. Schizothaerus, 280. Schumacher, Paul, cited, 349. Sequoia sempervirens, 228. Serrano Indians, 170; clan and moiety organization, 178-182, 216, 219; totems, 178; clan names, 179-180; clan customs, 180-182; myths, 182-186. Shamans, bear, 209-211. Shell, objects of, 384-386; figures showing, 385. Shellmounds. See Emeryville; Glen Cove; Gunther island; San Fran- cisco bay. Shoshonean Indians, 155, 167, 168, 170. Shoshonean clans and moieties, 177- 214. See also Cahuilla Indians; Cupefio Indians; Luisenlo Indians; Serrano Indians. Siliqua patula, 280. Sinkyone Indians, 256. Sitjar, Fray Buenaventura, 5. Slave-killers, 366-375; figures of, 371, 373, opp. 430. Slavery among the Indians, 366-367, 368. Sparkman, P. S., acknowledgment, 203. Steatite, 376. Surf-fishing sites, 278-281. Sweat danees, 454-461. Tachi Indians, 216. Taylor, A. S., 5. Telamni Indians, 216. Totemic Indian clans, 155, 156-161, 163, 164, 166, 169, 170, 174-176, 177. Totemism, in California, origin, 219; development of, in moiety organ- ization, 219; expressed in names of individuals, 219. Toto ceremony of the Wintun Indians, 438, 439. [505] Index Trinidad bay, 242; Spanish accounts of Indians on, 242-243; EEnglish accounts of Indians on, 244-245; discovery and accounts of, by gold seekers, 247-248. Tiubatulabal Indians, 216. Tuya, ceremonial dance, 447, 454, 460; costumes, 446, 447. Vancouver, George, English explorer, 244. Vertebrate remains in Gunther island shellmound, 345-346. Vizcaino, 241. Vocabularies of Indian languages, 5. Waterman, T. T., 5. Wechikhit Indians, 216. Whilkut Indians, 253-255. Winship, Captain J., discovery of Humboldt bay, 245-247. Wintun Hesi Ceremony, 437-488; In- dian information, 440; detailed description of ceremnony of 1906, 441-482; the "hand" or "grass" game, 482. See also Dances; Win- tun Indians. Wintun Indians, territory, languages, culture relationship, mortuary cus- toms, 438; ideas regarding the world, 463; "handy" or "grassyy game, 482. Ceremonial system, 438-441; major ceremonies, Toto and Hesi, pur- pose of, 438; relative importance, 439; minor ceremonies, 439; dances, 439; assemblies, 439; Toto ceremony, 439-440. Wiyot geographical names, 284-285, 286-290, 292, 296. Wiyot house, description of, 264, 267; figures showing, 267. Wiyot Indians, leading men of, 260; ophthalmia among, 278; estimates of population, 298-305, 392. Wiyot Territory, Ethnogeography and Archaeology of, 221-436; boundaries, 249; Indian neigh- bors, 249-256; map of, opp. 402. Ethnogeography, 256-337; descrip- tion of settlements, 258-285; archaeological sites, 275; sites for surf-fishing, 278; places of mytho- logical interest, 281; geographical names: Wiyot, 286, 292; Atha- pascan, 290; Yurok, 297; aborig- inal population, 298. See also Archaeology of the Wiyot Ter- ritory. Yates and Gould, 5. Yokut moiety organization, 215, 219; lack of, in certain peoples, 216. Yuitia Indians, clans of, 156-161; women 's clan names, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167; clan organization, 216. Yuman clans, features common to, 156. See also Cocopa Indians- Kamia Indians; Kohuana In- dians; Maricopa Indians; Mohave Indians; Yuma Indians. See also Clan names of women. Yurok Indians, early Spanish accounts of, 242-243; settlements of, 249- 250; social relations with Wiyot Indians, 250; linguistic relations, 250-251; geographical names, 297, 298; burial customs, 353. [506]