INDEX* Titles of papers in this volume are printed in bold-faced type. Acatl (Aztec day-sign), typical 319; original sources, 318, 319; form, 306; ornamental form of, origin of, 321; twenty as a fac- 331 fig. 7, 368, 369 fig. 29. tor in, 322, 326; probable line Accent, stress, mode of emphasis, of evolution, 327. See also Time- in language of Germanic origin, periods, Thirteen, Day-signs. and in Kato and other Athabas- Aztec codices. See Codices, Aztec. can dialects, 17. Aztec manuscripts, delineation of. Achomawi, 281 footnote 6, 287, 288 day-signs in, 297; bibliography footnote 16. . of, 394. See also Codices, Aztec. Adjectives, Mutsun, 425, 461. See Aztec mythology, cataclysms in, also Suffixes. 379. Adverbs, Mutsun, locative, 466, Aztec year, initial day, 312; year- temporal, 466, descriptive and sign, 314; cycle of fifty-two miscellaneous, 467. years, 314. Algonkin, 288. Baegert, cited, 290. American Indians, Handbook of, Bandelier 's papers on ancient cited, 288. Mexican manuseripts, value of, Animals, list of names of, in Mut- 320. sun language, 427. Barrett, S. A., cited, 281 footnote Antigiuedades mexicanas, 300. 6. Athabascan, 288. Bartlett, 280. Athapascan, spoken by Sarsi In- Bear, totem, 295. dians, 190. Beaver language, 190. Atl (Aztec day-sign), typical form, Belmar, Francisco, cited, 280, 285; 306; ornamental form of, 331 orthography altered, 281. fig. 7, 357 fig. 22, 358 fig. 23, Blackfoot Indians, Sarsi associated 359, 360. with, 190; Sarsi stories about, Atlatl, 337, 338 fig. 7, p. 368. 263, 269. Atsugewi, 281 footnote 6, 287, 288 Boas, F., cited, 288. footnote 16. Boas Anniversary Volume, 303. Aztec calendar, 300; time-periods Bologna Codex, 309. in, 300, 302; intercalations in, Book of Indexes, 310; applied to 300, 317, 319, 320, 328; Venus time-periods, 311. year, 301, 320; Mercury year, "Book of Tributes," 299. 301; moon not regarded, 301; Brinton, D. G., 280, 289; cited, star-periods, 301; cempoalli,301, 279, 288. 302; nemontemi, 301; method of British Columbia, relationships of making observations, 303; sys- Indian languages of, with Sarsi tem of dating, 303, and method and Beaver, 190. of writing dates, 309; day-signs, Buffalo hunting, Sarsi texts, 273, 304, derivation of, 327, deline- 275. ation of symbols in manuscripts, "Calendar round," fifty-two years 328; thirteen as a factor in, 308, period in Maya Calendar, 314. 313, 323, 324, 326; numerals, Calendar symbols in the manu- 308, 313, 322, 323, 324, 326; scripts, delineation of, 328. Tonalamatl, 310, 311, 315, 325; Calendar system of the Aztecs. See cycle (fifty-two year period), Aztec calendar. 314; not devised for chrono- California, Gulf of, 280. logical records, 315; as a means California, Lower, 279, 290. of soothsaying, 315; index of California, South Central, social birthday used for personal name, organization of Indians, 291; to 315; corrections of, 316, 317, be compared to that of Luiseflo, * Univ. Calif. Publ. Am. Arch. Ethn., vol. II. 473 Index Mohave, and Pima, 295; inter- relations within its own area, 296. California, University of, scientific publications on native Indian languages, 401. Calli (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental forms, 341, 342. Campo, California, Dieguenlo dia- lect spoken at, 177 footnote. Cane (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental form, 331, fig. 7. Cempoalli, in Aztec calendar, a "period of twenty," 301. Chamberlain, A. F., cited, 288. Chavero, 300. Chemakuan, 288. Chimariko, 281, 285, 286, 287. Chontal. See Tequistlatecan. Chumash, 287. Chumash and Costanoan Lan- guages, cited, 421 note 8. Cipactli (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental form, 329, 330 fig. 5, 333 fig. 8; sources of drawings, 334. Clavigero, original source for study of Aztec calendar, 319. Coatl (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental forms, 329, 329 fig. 4, 345 fig. 13. Cochimi, proximity of the Seri to, 280. Cocopa, 186 footnote 34; fricative x, 180 footnote 10; open vowel compared with Mohave and Dieguenlo, 184 footnote 20; proximity of the Seri to, 280. Codex, Bologna, 309; Borbonicus, 300; Tro-Cortesian, 323; Vati- can A, 320; Zapotee, 299. Codices, Aztec, publication of by Lord Kingsborough, 299; nu- merals in, 308. Costanoan, Mutsun dialect of, 399, 400; structure, 402; phonetic system, 402; vowels, 402; con- sonants, 402; sonant g missing, 403. Cozeaqauhtli (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental form, 364 fig. 26, 375 fig. 33, 376. Cree, 261, 269. Crowehief, Charlie, interpreter, 190. Cuesta, Father Felipe Arroyo de la, the Mutsun dialect of Cos- tanoan based on vocabulary of, 399; collection of Mutsun words, phrases, and sentences, 400, 470; Mutsun grammar, 401, 420, 421. Cuetzpalin (Aztec day-sign), typi- cal form, 306; ornamental forms, 343, 344 fig. 12. Curo, Rosendo, Dieguenio Indian, 177. Cycle, fifty-two year period in Az- tec calendar, 314. Dates, in Aztec calendar, system of, 303; method of writing, 309; date of birthday used for per- sonal name, 315. Day-names, Aztec, 305. Day-signs in Aztec manuscripts, delineation of, 297; typical forms, 306; year named after initial day-sign, 312; dominical, 312; local varieties, 321; se- quence of, 330; convergence, 331, 354, 355, 362; ornamental forms, figures of: Snake, 306, 329, 345, 346; Water-Monster, 306, 330, 333; Rain, 306, 331, 385, 386 fig. 36; Flower, 306; Cane, 306, 368 fig. 28; Grass, 306, 364; Wind, 306, 338, 389 fig. 37, 390; House, 306, 341; Lizard, 306, 344; Death, 306, 347, 350; Deer, 306, 351, 352, 354, 355; Rabbit, 306, 353, 354, 355, 356; Water, 306, 331, 337 fig. 22, 358 fig. 23, 359, 360; Dog, 306, 361 fig. 24, 362; Monkey, 306, 363, 364, 365 fig. 27, King-Vulture, 364 fig. 26, 375 fig. 33; Ocelot, ocelotl, 306, 370, 372 fig. 31; Eagle, 306, 373 fig. 32, 374; Motion, 306, 377, 378 fig. 34; Flint, 306, 381 fig. 35, 382; borrowing of char- acteristics between, 391 fig. 38, 392. Day-symbols in Aztec calendar, 305; derivation of, 327; delin- eation of, 328. Death (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental forms, 347, 350 fig. 15. See Skull. Deer (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental forms, 351, 352 fig. 16, 354 figs. 17 and 18, 355 figs. 19 and 20. Deer totem, 295. Delineation, The, of the Day- Signs in the Aztec Manuscripts, 297. Diegueflo Language, Phonetic Elements of the, 177. 474 inaex Dieguenio language, phonetic ele- ments of, compared with Mo- have, 283, 284; unaccented vowels, 284. Dixon, R. B., cited 279, 281 foot- note 6, 285, 286, 287, 288 foot- note 16. Dog (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental forms, 361 fig. 24, 362. Dominical day-signs, 312. Eagle (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental forms, 373 fig. 32, 374. Eagle-ribs, Sarsi informant, 191; story about, 223; war deeds of, 269. Eagles, in Sarsi texts, 277. Edmonton, Canada, 257. Ehecatl (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental forms, 337, 338 fig. 9. Elements of the Kato Language, 1. Enclitics in the Mutsun language, 426. English, parts of speech, 405. Esselen, 281, 286, 287. Fabrega, Jose, original source for study of Aztec calendar, 319. Flint (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental form, 381 fig. 25, 382. Flower (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental form, 331 fig. 7, 389 fig. 37, 390. F6rstemann cited, 301; on element of thirteen in Aztec calendar, 323, 324, 325. Fortes, member of dental series of stops in Kato language, 10. Gender, in Mutsun language, 408. Genitive case of Mutsun nouns, 410. Goddard, P. E., 1, 189. Goodman, cited on the tonalamatl in the Aztee calendar, 326. Grass (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental forms, 331 fig. 7, 364, 366 fig. 28. Haida, 288. Harrington, J. P., 177; cited, 287. Henshaw, H. W., cited, 288. Hernandez, F., work on Guerra del Yaqui, 280. Hewitt, J. N. B., cited, 280. House (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental forms, 341. Humboldt, original source for study of Aztec calendar, 319. Indo-European, 286; model cate- gories, 418. Inflection in Mutsun language, 408. "Intercalations" in Aztec calen- dar system, 300, 317, 319, 320, 328. Interjections, Mutsun, 468. International Phonetic Associa- tion, 184 footnote 20. Iroquois, 289. Itzcuintli (Aztec day-sign), typi- cal form, 306; ornamental forms, 361 fig. 24, 362. Ixtlilxochitl, Fernando de Alva, original source for study of Az- tec calendar, 319. Karok, 281, 286. Kato language, elements of, 1; stress accent in, 17. Phonology: Individual sounds: vowels, 4, semi-vowels, 5; continu- ants: liquids, 5, nasals, 6, figures of, opp. 92, 94; spirants, 7, figures of, opp. 88, 90, 96; stops: labial, 9, figures of, opp. 98; dentals (fortes), 9, figures of, opp. 100; palatals, 11, figures of, opp. 102, 104; velar, 12; glottal, 12, 13; aifricatives, 13, figures of, opp. 106; table of sounds, 13; com- parison of Kato and Hupa sounds, 14; assimilation of sounds, 17. Modification of syllables, 17. Morphology: Nouns: simple, monosyllabic, 19; figures of, opp. 110; with possessive prefixes, 21, figures of, opp. 112, 114; parts of the body, 21; cloth- ing, 23; relatives, 23. With suffixes, 23, figures of, opp. 116, 118; plural and class suffixes, 24; locative suffixes, 24; suffix with in- strumental meaning, 26; suffixes of temporal-modal force, 26; suffixes of size, shape, and color, 26. Nouns compounded with nouns: first noun qualifies the second, 27; with pos- sessive prefix for second component, 27; with sec- ond component modifying the first, 27. 475 Index Nouns compounded with ad- jectives, 28, with verbs, 29; adjectives and verbs used as nouns, 29; figures of, opp. 124; verbs with in- strumental prefix used as nouns, 31, figures of, opp. 132, 134; polysyllabic nouns unanalyzed, 31; figures of, opp. 120, 122, 126. Pronouns, personal, 32; per- sonal demonstratives, 33; demonstratives, 34; inter- rogative and indefinite pro- nouns, 34; figures of, opp. 130. Adjectives, 35; pronominal, 35. Numerals, 36; cardinals, 36; multiplicatives, 36; dis- tributives, 36. Directional words, 37. Adverbs, place, 38; time, 38; manner and degree, 39; figures of, opp. 128, 130. Postpositions, 39; particles and interjections, 41. Verbs, 42. Prefixes, first position, 42; adverbial, 43; deitic, 49, 51; objective, 51; first modal, 52; second modal, 53; subjective, 55; third modals, 57. Stems, 59. Sufflixes, 80; source of in- formation, 80; modal, 81; temporal, 83. Tenses and modes, 84; table of analyzed verbs, 85. Tracings of speech, interpreta- tion of, 86; lateral sonant and spirant, 88, 90; nasals, 92, 94; spirants, 96; labial stop and nasal, 98; dental stops, 100; sonant palatal stops, 102; surd palatal stops, 104; af- fricatives, 106; miseellaneous, 108; monosyllabic nouns, 110; nouns with possessive prefixes, 112, 114; nouns with suffixes, 116, 118; polysyllabic nouns, 120, 122, 126; nouns of verbal origin, 124; adverbs, par- ticles, etc., 128; pronouns, ad- verbs, 130; prefixes of verbs, 132, 134; verbal prefixes, sub- jectives and objectives, 136; verbal suffixes, 138; suffixes of verbs, 140; verbal stems, 142, 144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176. King-vulture (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental form, 364 fig. 26, 375 fig. 33, 376. Kingsborough, Lord, publication of Aztec "codices," 299. Kroeber, A. L., 177, 279, 401; cited, 403 note 6, 421 note 8. Kuyahomar, 181 footnote 16. Kwayu, 181 footnote 16. La Posta, 177. Leon y Gama, Antonio, original source for study of Aztec cal- endar, 319. Library of American Linguistics, 400. Lizard (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental forms, 343, 344 fig. 12. Loustanou, 280. McGee, W J, monograph on the Seri, 280. Magic, famine relieved by, 251; practice of, 253. Maguey, 299. Malinalli (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental form, 331 fig. 7, 364, 366 fig. 28. Manual de los ministros de las Indias, 301. Manuscripts, Aztec, 299. See also, Codices, Aztec. Manzanita, 177. Maricopa, fricative x, 180 foot- note 10. Mason, J. A., 399. Maya calendar, 314. Mazatl (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental forms, 351, 352 fig. 16, 354, figs. 17 and 18, 355 figs. 19 and 20. Mesa Grande, San Diego County, 177, 179 note 9. Mexican Antiquities, 299, 332. Mexico, 288. Miquiztli (Aztec day-sign), typi- cal form, 306; ornamental forms, 347, 350 fig. 15. See also Skull. Modal categories, Mutsun, 418. Mohave, comparison of Dieguenlo with, 177, 178, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185; representative of Yuman group, 281; w of, 282; k, and 0 of, 283, 284; other dialectic comparisons, 285, 286, 287. 476 Index Monkey (Aztec day-sign), typieal form, 306; ornamental forms, 363, 364, 365 fig. 27. Monterey, California, 400. Monterey County, California, 295. Monumentos del arte mexicano an- tiguo, 299. Morning-star, mentioned in Aztec manuscript, 303. Morphology of the Kato language. See Kato language, elements of. Reduplication in Mutsun, 408. Motion (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental form, 377, 378 fig. 34. "Motolinial" (Toribio de Bene- vente), original source for study of Aztec calendar, 319. Mutsun Dialect, The, of Costanoan Based on the Vocabulary of De La Cuesta, 399. Mutsun language, 400, 401; struc- ture, 402; phonetic system, 402; vowels, 402; consonants, 402; phonetic laws, 405; de la Cues- ta's collection of words, phrases, and sentences, 400, 470; his grammar, 401, 420, 421. Parts of Speech, 403. Nouns, 403, 405; suffixes, 406, 410; inflections, 408; gender, 408; grammatical person, 410; genitive case, 410; class- ified lists, 427-439. Pronouns, 411, 439; demonstra- tive, adjectival, and interro- gative, 440; lists of, 439, 440. Verbs, 411, 441; suffixes, 412; reduplication of verbal stems, 412; modal categories, 418; relations implying motion, 420; negative particle, 423; lists of, 441-461. Adjectives, 425, 461; suffixes, 425, 426; lists of, 461-465. Particles, 426; enclitics, 426. Adverbs, locative, temporal, 466; descriptive and miscel- laneous, 467. Interjections, 468-469. See also Suffixes, Numerals. Nahuatlan, 288. Nejo, Isidro, 179. Nemontemi, in Aztec calendar, 301, 302. Nose-plug, used in delineation of Aztec day-signs, 335, 373. Numerals in the Athapascan dia- lects, 36; in the Aztee calendar, 308, 313, 322, 323; list of, in the Mutsun language, 439. Nuttall, Mrs. Z., cited, 303; on initial day-signs in Aztec calen- dar, 312; original source for study of Aztec calendar, 319. Oaxaca, Tequistlatecan idiom of, 279; Belmar's work on, 280. Ocelot, Ocelotl (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental forms, 370, 372 fig. 31. Olin (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental form, 377, 378 fig. 34. Onorato, Diguefio Indians, 177. Oregon, 288. Orozco y Berra, Manuel, original source for study of Aztec calen- dar, 319. Ozomatli (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental forms, 363, 364, 365 fig. 27. Pala, 177. Palaihnihan, 288 footnote 16. Particles in the Mutsun language, 426. Peace River, Canada, 190. Peniafiel, A., 280, 299. Penutian, contrasted with Hokan, 286; new family, 288, 401. Phonetic Elements of the Diegueiio language, 177. Phonology of the Kato language. See Kato language, elements of. Piegan, 259. Piman, 288. Pinart, A., 280. Pleasanton, California, Indians at, 470. Pomo, 281, 286, 287. Powell, J. W., cited, 288. Prefixes, in the Kato language. See Kato language, elements of. Quauhtli (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental forms, 373 fig. 32, 374. Quetzal-coatl, Aztec wind-god, 307; represented by day-sign, Wind, 337; realistic drawing of, 338 fig. 9, q; figure of face, 340 fig. 10; ear-ornament, 377. Quiahuitl (Aztec day-sign), typi- cal form, 306; ornamental forms of, 331, 385, 386 fig. 26. Rabbit (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental forms, 353, 354 figs. 17 and 18, 355 figs. 19 and 20, 356 fig. 21. Rain (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental forms, 331, 385, 386 fig. 36. Ray, Bill, vocal tracings of Kato language, 3. 477 Index Rousselot apparatus, 190. Sahagun, Bernardino de, 300, 318; cited, 303. Salidon, Dieguefio, Indian, 177. Salinan, 287; totems, 295. San Diego County, California, 177. Salishan, 288. San Felipe, California, 177. San Juan Bautista, Mission, Cali- fornia, 400. San Lorenzo, California, 470. Sapir, E., cited, 281 footnote 6, 288. Sarsi Texts, 189; key to sounds, 191; Sun Dance, 193; prayers, 197, 227, 233; hair parters, 197; counting of coups, 203, 269; clog feast, 209; societies, 215; quali- fications and duties of chiefs, 215; shamans, 217; sports, 219; painting of tipis, 219; buffalo pounds, 221; trapping beaver, 219; primitive dishes, 221; stone arrowheads, 223; What Eagle- Ribs Saw at Edmonton, 223; planting tobacco, 227; Buffalo Bill Gives a Shield, 231; painted tipi, 243; buffalo stone, 243; famine relieved by magic, 251, by Broken Knife, 253; Two Hawks Test Their Speed, 263; water- being, 267; ghost, 269; grass- hopper, 273; buffalo-hunting, 273, 275, eagles, 277. Seler, Edward, cited, 301, 303; on initial day-signs in Aztec calen- dar, 312 note 22; original source for study of Aztec calendar, 319; on element of thirteen in Aztec calendar, 323, 324, 325; investigations of Mexican chro- nology, 327; criticism of conclu- sions, 335, 336. Serian, Tequistlatecan and Ho- kan, 279. Serna, Jacinto de la, cited, 301; original source for study of Aztec calendar, 319. Shasta, language, 281, and foot- note 6, 286, 287, 288 footnote 16. Shea, J. G., Costanoan manu- scripts, published by, 400, 405. Shoshonean, 179 note 9, 288, 291, 292. Siguenza, Carlos, original source for study of Aztec calendar, 319. Sioux, story of Sarsi boyys escape from, 259. Skull, representation of in Aztec day-signs, 348, 349, 350; real- istic drawing of, 350. Snake (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental forms, 329, 329 fig. 4, 345 fig. 13, 346. Sonora, relation of Seri language of, to Tequistlatecan and Yu- man, 279. Spanish spoken by some Indians in California, 470. Spanish j compared to Yuman de- velopments, 180 footnote 10. Spanish orthography used for ex- pressing Costanoan sounds, 401, 402, 403. Star-periods in Aztec calendar sys- tem, 301. Stops in the Kato language. See Kato language, elements of. Suffixes in the Kato language. See Kato language, elements of. Suffixes of Mutsun adjectives: ad- jectival, 425, 426; infix occa- sionally found before, 426. Suffixes, of Mutsun nouns: Etymological: resultative, 406; infinitive, 406; causative, 406; abstractive, 406; instrumen- tal, 406, 407; agentive, 407; nominal, 407. Morphological: plural, 408; compositional, 409; partitive, 409; terminative, 409; objec- tive, 409; instrumental, 409; locative, 410; comitative, 410; regressive, 410. Suffixes, of Mutsun verbs: Etymological: possessive, 412; imitative, 421; purposive, 412; dative, 413; substantive, 413; oppositional, 413; exces- sive, 413; corporeal, 413; mandatory, 414. Morphological: indefinite, 415; past tense, 416; intransitive, 416; transitive, 417; reflexive, 417; reciprocal, 417; passive voice, 418; future passive, 418; perfect passive, 418; im- perative, 419; missionary im- perative, 419; subjunctive, 419; hypothetical, 419; con- ditional, 419; iterative, 420; mandative, 420; purposive motion, 421; prohibitive, 421; " excellentive, " 421; bene- ficial, 422; perfect transitive, 422; adjectival, 422, 423; per- fect intransitive, 423. 478 Index Swanton, J. R., cited, 288. Taylor, A. S., 400. Teagueagga, a wise Sarsi, 427. Teepatl (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental form, 381 fig. 35, 382. Tehuantepec, California, 279. Tenochio, 280. Tezozomoc, cited, 303. Thirteen, as a factor in Aztec cal- endar, 308, 313, 323; importance of, 324; F6rstemann's theory of origin, 324, 325; Seler 's hy- pothesis of origin, 324, 325; factor in the tonalamatl, 326. Thomas, Cyrus, 299, on vigesimal numeral system in Aztee calen- dar, 322; on element thirteen in Aztec calendar, 323. Thomas, C., and Swanton, J. R., map of linguistic stocks of Mex- ico, 280. Tiger (Aztec day-sign), 306. Time-periods in Aztec calendar system, 300; method of deter- mining, 302. Tlaloc, rain-god, 385. Tlingit, 288. Tochtli (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental forms, 353, 354 figs. 17 and 18, 355 figs. 19 and 20, 356 fig. 21. Tonalamatl, 310, 311, 315, 325; factors thirteen and twenty in, 326. Torquemada, Juan de, original source for study of Aztec calen- dar, 319. Totems, among Salinan Indians, possible significance of, 295. Tro-Cortesian Codex, 323. Troncoso, original source for study of Aztec calendar, 319. Twenty, as factor in Aztec calen- dar, 322, in the tonalamatl, 326. Uto-Azetaken, 286. Vatican Code A, 320. Venus year in Aztec calendar, 325. Vigesimal numeral system in Aztec calendar, 322, 323. Waikuri language, 290. Wakashan, 288. Walapai, 184. Water (Aztee day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental form, 331 fig. 7, 357 fig. 22, 358 fig. 23, 359, 360. Water being, in Sarsi texts, 267. Water-monster (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental form, 329, 330 fig. 5, 333 fig. 8; sources of drawings, 334; re- semblance to snake, 335. Waterman, T. T., 297; cited, 179, 180, 181, 184. Wind (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental forms, 337, 338 fig. 9; used to repre- sent Wind-god, Quetzal-coatl, 337. Wind-god, Quetzal-coatl, 307; rep- resented by day-sign Wind, 337; realistic drawing of, 338 fig. 9, q; figure of face, 340 fig. 10. Wiyot, 288. Xochitl (Aztec day-sign), typical form, 306; ornamental form, 331 fig. 7, 389 fig. 37, 390. Yana, 281, 286, 287. Yaqui, Hernandez's work on, 280. Year sign, in Aztee calendar, 314. See Aztec year. Yokuts, kinship system, 292. Yuma, fricative x of, 180 footnote 10; open vowel compared with Mohave and Dieguenlo, 184 note 20. Yuman, 283, 284, 290; Dieguenlo and Mohave as members of, 177; genetic connection with Seri and Tequistlatecan, 279, 280, 287; Mohave representative of, 281. Yurok, 288. "Zapotec Codex," 299. 479