Kroeber, A. L.

1939    Cultural and Natural Areas in Native North America. Univ. of

Calif. Press. Berkeley.

McEntire, D. et al.

1946    The Population of California. Commonwealth Club of Calif.

San

Francisco.

Merriam, C. .H.

1905    The Indian Population of California.. Amer. Anthrop., 7:594-606.

Mooney, J.

1928

Powers, S.

1877

Rosenblatt,

1935

The Aboriginal Population of America North of Mexico. Smithsonian
Inst. Misc. Coll., 80:7, Publ. No. 2955.

Tribes of California. Contribs. to North Amer. Ethnol., Vol. 3.
Washington.

A.

El Desarollo de la Poblacion Indfgena de America.
1:1:115-33; 1:2:117-48; 1:3:109-41. Madrid.

Terra Firme,

Scott, M.

1959    The San Francisco Bay Area: A Metropolis in Perspective. Univ.

of Calif. Press. Berkeley.

Spinden, H. J.

1928    The Population of Ancient America. The Geographical Review,

18:641-60.

80. TWO EARLY REPRESENTATIONS OF CALIFORNIA INDIANS

Robert F. Heizer

ABSTRACT

Portrayals of California Indians of the Costanoan and

Wintun groups dating from the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries are reproduced. Details of dress are shown.

*   *    *   *   *    *   *

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The earliest published illustration purporting to show California

Indians appeared in the year 1599 in the twenty-five part compilation en-
titled Collectiones Peregrinationum in Indiam Occidentalem, by Theodore

and John De Bry.  This picture, which is intended to show Francis Drake's
welcome by the Indians of California in June, 1579 almost certainly does

not represent an engraving after an original sketch made on the spot, but
is the artist's conception of what California Indians looked like accord-
ing to the description by Francis Fletcher, who was Drake's chaplain. A
book of sketches which is known to have been made during the voyage by
Francis Drake's cousin, John, has never come to light, and if it should
ever be discovered it may contain sketches of the Indians encountered by
Drake in California nearly four hundred years ago. The De Bry engraving
has been reprinted many times and is perhaps most easily accessible in

The California Indians (R. F. Heizer and M. A. Whipple, eds., University
of California Press, 1951).

California was visited by many expeditions between 1542 and 1850 and
many of the accounts (a number of which are unpublished or only partially
so) contain pictures of Indians, It would be an interesting and useful

project for some student of California history or anthropology to compile
and publish a list of all such pictorial records.

The two drawings shown here in Plate 2 present women in native dress.
The first (P1. 2a) is a woman of Monterey and of the Costanoan tribe. It
was drawn at Carmel Mission in 1791 by Cardero, and a more finished (and
slightly altered) version is published by J. G. T. (1932, P1. XI and p.

111) and Chinard (1937, pl. opp. p. 98). The drawing reproduced here was

secured by Dr. D. C. Cutter from the archives of the Museo Naval in Madrid.

The second picture (PI. 2b) portrays a group of Indians from the

"Upper Sacramento Valley" and was drawn by H. D. Brown in 1852. The group
represented is pretty certainly Wintu. Notable items shown are the cradle,
conical burden basket, hide and rush skirt, and deerskin cape.

References

Chinard, GC

1937    Le Voyage de Laperouse sur les Cotes de l'Alaska et de la

Californie (1786). Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore.

J. G. T.

1932    Repertorio de los Mss, cartas, planos y dibujos relativos a

las Californias, existentes en este Museo. Publicaciones del
Museo Naval, Madrid.

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