REPORTS OF THE CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY, NO. I THE CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY; ESTABLISHMENT, AIMS, AND METHODS. THE CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY Department of Anthropology Universityof California Berkeley 4, California THE CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY: Es4i ESTABLISHMENT, AIlMS, AND METHODS I-S- 'PBWRY On July 1, 3.9'48, thanks to the interest of President Robert Gordon Sproul, the Board of Regents, and the State Legislature there was established the California Archaeological Survey as a permanent and continuing activity of the University of California. The Archaeological Survey will be statewide in its interests, and will have as its primary objective the collection and preservation of prehistoric remains and records concerning them. Administratively, the Archaeological Survey will be a subdivision of the Department of Anthropology of the University of California. Activities will be carried on with the close cooperation of staff members on the Berkeley, Los Angeles, and Santa Barbara campuses. An Advisory Board has been set up whose purpose will be to strengthen and broaden existing collaboration with other institutions and organizations throughout the State whose interests are akin to those of the Survey. Personnel of the Advisory Board is as follows. Ex-officio members The President of the University of California The Director of the California Archaeological Survey The Director of the Museum of Anthropology, Berkeley Campus The Chairman, Department of Anthropology, Berkeley Campus The Chairman, Department of Anthropology and Sociology, Los Angeles Campus 958 2 Appointed Members Mr. Allen L. Chickering (California Historical Society) Mr. Malcolm Farmer (San Diego Museum of Man) Mr. Mark R. Harrington (Southwest Museum) Mr. J. R. Knowland (State Division of Beaches and Parks and The California Centennials Commission) Dr. A. L.. Kroeber (Universityr of California) Dr. Theodore D. McCown (University of California) Mr. Phil C. Orr (Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History) Mr. Arthur Woodward (Los Angeles County Museum) Field work will be under the direction of Mr. Franklin Fenenga, Archaeologist, aided by Mr. Francis Riddell, Assistant Archaeologist. Since the founding of the Department and Musein of Anthropology on September 10, 1901,1 the University has sponsored a very consider- able amount of archaeological exploration,2 but without exception this work represents single forays into many areas, largely without any long-range over-all plan. The result has been the recording of sporadic site surveys, the areas of which are isolated or overlap only by accident, and a series of reports of excavations which are primarily descriptive, self-contained, and without serious intent to show wider culture relationships. All these materials, whether in the form of undescribed museum specimens, notes, or published accounts, 1 For details of the early history of Anthropology at the University see UCPAAE,2):ix-xvi, 1923, University of California Museum of Anthropology Report for the year ending June 30, 1946, pp. 4-11; B. I. Wheeler and F. W. Putnam, Ethnological and Archaeo- logical Survey of California, American Anthropologist, n.s., 5:727-729, 1903. 2 For a summary see American Antiquity, Vol. 14, No. 2, 1949. 3 constitute an invaluable fund of available data for the erection of the broader structure of California's prehistory. A number of other institutions in the State, notably the Sacramento Junior College, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Southwest Museum, Los Angeles County Museum, and San Diego Museu= of Man, have for many years been active in prosecuting local archaeolog- ical research, but these groups, too, have usually worked by themselves on programs which had little, if any, correlation with those being carried out by neighboring institutions. A comprehensive statewide pro-ram of archaeological research in which all institutions and individuals work harmoniously can be achieved only with effort and time. The spirit of cooperation has been growing in recent years and, if properly nourished, this cooperation will undoubtedly bear fruit, It is hoped that the California Archaeological Survey may make its influence felt in encouraging this trend of friendly, cooperative attack on problems which are the common concern of all archaeologists in the State. The chief aim of the California Archaeological Survey is to study and make known to the general and scientific public the prehistory of the State of California. Research is envisaged as the Survey's chief activity, with the State as its field of operation. No area or areas are to be Selected for intensive investigation and no region of the State is to be ignored. Where local institutions have archaeological programs in operation the Survey will stand by to lend a hand if invited and will attempt to carry out its investigations in near-by areas with the full knowledge and cooperation of those local groups primarily concerned with special or local problems. 14 For example, the Department of Anthropology of the University of California at Berkeley will continue its investigations in the Central California interior and coastal areas through funds from the Univer- sity Committee on Research or from private donations, Activities of the Survey in Central California may take the form of site surveys in regions which the Department has not found it possible or expedient to investigate, or the Survey may excavate sites threatened with destruc- tion, which the Department finds it inconvenient or too costly to dig. This does not mean that the Survey will be offered only the remnants or the difficult and thankless jobs; it simply means that the two organizations, each with its own budget, personnel, and special aims, will plan an integrated program of joint action with the single ultimate purpose of learning everything possible about the prehistoric Central California cultures. The Survey also comprises an emergency task force which can be dispatched to oversee the removal of an accidentally discovered site and to salvage significant material, Action of this sort has already, since August 1, 19148, been taken. Cooperation and joint action between the Survey and all other California institutions and persons whose interests are archaeological is offered and invited. In brief, any activities which contribute to the advancement of archaeological knowledge in California will be considered favorably and implemented or aided whenever possible by the California Archaeological Survey. Among the Survey's primary objectives is the organization of a master file of data. Information on the nature and contents of arehaeo- logical sites will be recorded on printed data forms and the sites will be located on maps to form a central data file. Obviously the two Survey archaeologists cannot hope to cover personally the whole of California in their site survey, and it is anticipated that local col- lectors, interested individuals, and collaborating institutions will contribute information toward the compilation of a complete file of site records. Two series of maps have been selected for use in plotting site locations. The first is the United States Geological Survey Topographic Quadrangle sheets of varying scale (1/62500, 1/31680, 1/125,000), which can be purchased with ease in many places in California or from the United States Geological Survey in Washington, D.C. The second series is the large and detailed county sheets of the General Highway maps. (scale: 1 in. to the mile), compiled and published by the State Division of Highways. Several commercial firms publish blueprint county maps and these, if obtainable in local book or stationery stores, serve the pur- pose of plotting site locations very well. Such county maps are adequate for preliminary field survey if topographic maps cannot be obtained. A form of recording site survey data has been developed which seems adequate for most types of sites within the State. A copy of this form is attached. Additional copies may be secured from the California Archaeological Survey by any person who will agree to return a duplicate copy of the completed record for incorporation into the master file. * A system of site numbering by counties will be employed. All sites within a single county will be numbered consecutively, and these site numbers will be prefixed by a three-letter symbol indicating the county. A copy of the counter symbols to be employed is appended to this report. In counties where archaeological surveys have been made or are now in progress, and where a central file of site surveys is being accumulated, 6 any new site should be cleared through that particular master file so that it may be assigned a number in the sequence. Two such files are now being compiled, one by the Archaeological 3 Survey Association of Southern California, the other by the California Archaeological Survey.4 Files of data regarding local sites have been compiled by various museums, among which may be mentioned the Southwest Museum, San Diego Museum of Man, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles Museum, and the University of California Museum of Anthropology. It is hoped that all such bodies of data may ultimately be combined to form a central site survey file which will cover the entire state. This mimeographed paper is the first number of the "Reports of the California Archaeological Survey." This series will contain occasional reports of Survey progress and activities, brief articles on material culture items, excavation reports, bibliographies of printed archaeological works on topical subjects, areas, and discus- sions of methodology and archaeological technique. Robert F. Heizer, Director California Archaeological Survey 3 Address: The Southwest Museu, Highland Park, Los Angeles 42, California. 4 Address: Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley 4. CALIFOINIA State Symbol = 4 County Abbreviations Ala - Alameda Alp - Alpine Ama - Amador But - Butte Cal - Calaveras' Col - Golusa CCo - Contra Costa No - Del Norte Eld - Eldorado Fre - Fresno Gle - Glenn 1lwn- Humboldt Imp- Imperial Iny - Inyo Ker - Kern Kin - Kings Lak- Lake Las - Lassen IAn - Los Angeles Mad - Madera Mn - Marn Mrp - Mariposa Men - Mendocino Mer - Merced Mod - Modoc Mho - Mono Met - Monterey Nap - Napa Nev- Nevada Ora - Orange Pla - Placer Plu Plumas Riv Riverside Sac - Sacramento SBn - San Benito SoD San Bernardino SDi San Diego SFr - San Francisco SJo - San Joaquin SLO - San Luis Obispo SMa - San Mateo SBa - Santa Barbara SC1 - Santa Clara SCr - Santa Cruz Sha - Shasta Sie - Sierra Sis - Siskiyou Sol - Solano Son - Sonoma Sta - Stanislaus Sut - Sutter Teh - Tehama Tri - Trinity Tul - Tulare Tuo - Tuolumne Ven - Ventura Yol - Yolo Yub- Yuba IMPORTANT: Any system of site designation may be employed by persons engaged in survey work, but permanent site numbers should be assigned only after the survey sheet has been cleared through one of the several master site survey files in the State in order to prevent duplication of site numbers. If possible, site numbers used in publication should refer to those in the mas- ter survey files. If this is not feasible, temporary site designations should be clearly indicated to prevent later confusion. At the present time the Archaeological Surveyr of Southern California (with headquarters at the Southwest Museum, Highland Park, Los Angeles 42) and the Department of Anthropology, University of California (Berkeley 4) have files of master maps with site locations and nufnbers. University of California Archaeological Survey ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE SURVEY RECORD 1. Site -2. Map _ __ - _ 3. County -- 4. Twp. -Range - 1/4 of- V Y4 of Sec. - - 5. Location -_ - - -------------- ----- -_ - _ - _---6. On contour elevation_- ----- 7. Previous designations for sit e _ _ __ - - 8. Owner - -- ---9. Address_ 10. Previous owners, dates- - __-------------------- 11. Present tenant - ----------- - --_ _ _-.-_----- 12. Attitude toward excavation -------__-_-_-_-__-- __-_-__----_-------- 13. Description of site- --- --- -_--- 14. Area - - - 15. Depth - -- 16. Height _- - ____ 17. Vegetation__ - --- - _ 18. Nearest water_ 19. Soil of site 20. Surrounding soil type__--. 21. Previous excavation----- ------------- 22. Cultivation --- -23. Erosion _- ____ _ - 24. Buildings, roads, etc. ----___--_____-__ 25. Possibility of destruction -------- - - - -_ __- 26. House pits _ - _ ___ - -_ ___-_ __ - _-_--- 27. Other features -------------------------------- -- ------- - 28. Burials-__ 29. Artifacts - - - -- 30. Remarks _ _ _ - __- 31. Published references . - _ - ---- 32. UCMA Accession No. -33. Sketch map - ----------------------------------- 34. Date ___ 35. Recorded by 36. Photos -_-