ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS 7:1 CULTURE ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONS: XIX CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST BY JOHN P. HARRINGTON UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES 1942 CULTURE ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONS: XIX CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST BY JOHN P. HARRINGTON ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Vol.7, No.1 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS EDITORS: A. L. KROEBER, E. W GIFFORD, R. H. LOWIE, R. L. OLSON Volume 7, No. I, pp. I-46, i map Submitted by the Editors May I, 1940 Issued March 6, 1942 Price, 50 cents UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON, ENGLAND The University of California publications dealing with anthro- pological subjects are now issued in two series. The series in American Archaeology and Ethnology, which was established in 1903, continues unchanged in format, but is restricted to papers in which the interpretative element outweighs the factual or which otherwise are of general interest. The new series, known as Anthropological Records, is issued in photolithography in a larger size. It consists of monographs which are documentary, of record nature, or devoted to the presentation primarily of new data. MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTENTS Page tion, by A. L. I(roeber .i... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . 1 Wgraphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 1 rtribal statistical correlations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 B and abbreviations .... . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 rinnts . . . . . . . . ................................. 5 ibal abbreviations in the element list .. .. .... .. .. ..... ............................................ 5 element distributions list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 boi used in the element list ............................. . 6 ting, elements 1-35 ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Fhing,36-69 ...................................... . 6 is eaten, 70-91 .7 d practices and taboos, 92-106 .......................... . . . 8 d gathering, 107-154 .8 d preparation and storage, 155-177. 9 .es 178-256. 9 igaion, 257-272 .11 ing utensils, 273-308 ................... . ............ . 11 lehod implements, 309-339 .12 is and processes, 340-378 .13 one, bone, and shell work (ornamental), 379-398 .13 pons, 399-487 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 adornment--habitual, 488-556 ........... ... .... .... ... ... . 15 adornment--ritual and festival, 557-621 . .. ........... .. . .. . 17 thing, 622-670 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 stures, 671-687 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 idens, 688-707 .................................. 20 etry, 708-857 ................................... 20 ving and netting, 858-877 ..................... .. .......... 23 dles, 878-905. .................................. 24 dae, 906-922. .................................. 24 ttery, 923-930. .................................. 25 es, 931-1024 .25 ey, 1025-1041. .................................. 27 pes, 1042-1057. .................................. 27 bacco, 1058-1065. . . . . . .................. . 28 ical instruments, 1066-1119 28 endars and counting, 1120-1128 .29 ronomy, etc., 1129-1155 . ... - ......................... . 29 *iage, 1156-1184 .30 itery, divorce, remarriage, various, 1185-1205. 31 nhip usages, 1206-1219 ................. . ......... 31 Cial status, 1220-1225 ..31 daches, 1226-1236 . 1.2.7.-6......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 ciopolitical organization, 123;-1263 .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 iefs and officials, 1264-1311 ....................... ...... . 33 perty and inheritance, 1312-1317 ............ .... .... .... ... . 34 1318-1324.. ................................ 34 th, 1325-1396.. ................................. 34 rls' puberty, 1397-1425 ................................ . 36 strual customs (mature women), 1426-1439 ........ .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . 36 ' puberty, 1440-1446 .................................. 37 th, 1447-1485.. ................................. 37 ing ceremony, 1486-1524 ............................ ... . 38 anism, 1525-1602 .................................. 39 ests, 1603-1608. ................................. 40 ngichnish cult religion, 1609-1620 .......... .... ... ... .... .. . 41 soellaneous religious traits, 1621-1691 ......... .. .. ... .. ... .. . . 41 ious items, 1692-1706 .................................. 43 phic notes on the element list .............. ..... ..... .... . 44 erences cited.. ................................. 44 * . .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ii SAN FRANCISCO 1< *Cn 0 Cs An JANGELES ARIENO IVapQA 1 Map 1. Area "N" of the Element Survey, and local groups referred to. I CULTURE ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONS: XIX CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST BY JOHN P. HARRINGTON INTRODUCTION BY A. L. KROEBER a the spring of 1935, when Drs. Drucker and secularized 101 years earlier; and some of them er took the field to collect culture-element were founded more than a century and a half be- among the Indians of Southern California fore 1935. No other investigator has collected ,a "O") and of the Southern Sierra Nevada one-tenth as much information on the ethnography n (area "M"), respectively, which were sub- of the area as has Mr. Harrington: the task is a ntly published as Culture Element Distribu- difficult one and calls for incredible patience V and VI, Mr. J. P. Harrington, of the and pains. u of American Ethnology, suggested that he His list is based mainly on Dr. Driver's, with d probably furnish more information from his some supplements from Dr. Drucker's; but in each books than could still be secured from liv- case it is the prefield list, based partly on natives of the southern coastal tracts of Gifford's and Klimek's Pomo list, which was avail- ifornia.' able to him. Both investigators of course sub- lnasmuch as Mr. Harrington began collecting sequently altered their lists in the field to ac- from the few surviving descendants of the cord with the data encountered; which Mr. Har- ionized Gabrielino, Chumash, and Salinans rington did not feel free to do. rly thirty years before, had repeatedly in- Our genuine thanks are due Mr. Harrington for ewed probably every such informant, and as his cobperation. tof these old people had since died, I ac- ted the offer with gratitude. Mr. Harrington ly stipulated that in return we should not ETHNOGRAPHY or upset the very few remaining aged sur- rs, among groups like the Kitanemuk and I have extracted from these lists a number of sh, with whom he enjoyed carefully culti- the more important or distinctive features whose d relations. This we refrained from doing; distribution is reasonably certain and definite. he, in turn, added list data on the Northern These yield something of an outline picture of Southern Costano. the culture of the area, especially in comparison The result is a mass of data almost certainly with the remainder of California. er and more authentic than Drs. Drucker and ver could have secured so late as 1935 from Features common to all groups in the area are: scattered and thoroughly Mexicanized Indians domed living house thatched, without earth cover- the area between Los Angeles and San Fran- ing; bedrock and portable mortars; slab mortar 00; the more so as they would have had first with basketry hopper asphalted on (!? for Salinan find the "buried" informants and then to ap- and Costano); paddle for stirring; skins dressed oh them as strangers. by men, with rib-scraper, on inclined post or h them as strangers. pole, brains rubbed in, but no smoking; sinew- rDhs liStS, as is always the case when note- backed bow (Fernandeflo, but not Gabrielino); ks instead of personal questioning are used, slings for birds and small game, but not for war; out somewhat different. Negative answers no shields; no armor; headbands of yellowhammer; cially are proportionally fewer. Neverthe- rabbit-fur blanket with string weft; men and s the returns are much the most valuable that children naked; all habitually barefoot; hammock- id have been secured, and constitute an inte- like carrying net; twined tule mats; string of 1Lpart of our Element Survey. The gaps and Apocynum and of Asclepias, rolled on thigh; whole rpartiofin this lot of lists are due Olivella and Olivella-disk beads as "money"; to- repancies i t r T bacco gathered wild for smoking also eaten with efly to time. The California missions were lime; cocoon rattle (Costano not certain) and split-stick rattle; bull-roarer as toy; berdaches; chief's rank by inheritance, wealth only ici- Assistance in the preparation of these ma- dental (no Costano data); mother warmed or baked rials was furnished by the personnel of Work in pit after childbirth; weather-control shamans; Jects Administration Official Project No. grizzly-bear shamans, turn into bears, return to 1 08 62, Unit A15. life. [1] 2 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Common to all groups except the Costano: When these specific major or diagnostic fea menstrual hut; grooved steatite arrow straight- tures are added up, their ethnic frequency is ener; sewn as well as twined tule mats; hand- follows: held feather ornaments for dancing; coiled bas- ketry cap for carrying loads- net-sack carried Found among: Trai in hand (Salinan not certain5; boiling baskets coiled (Costano twined): mortar hopper coiled; C S Ch K G . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Y-frame cradle (except Gabrielino U-ladder); S Ch K G . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Urtica (nettles) used for string; beads measured Ch K G . . . . . . . . . . . . around hand. C . . . . . . . . . . . . s . . . . . . . . . . . . Other southern traits, which however have C S . . . . . . . . . . . . failed to penetrate to the Salinan as well as Ch . . . . . . . . . . . . Costano: sudatory built against a bank; curved, Ch K . . . . . . . . . . . . flat throwing-club for small game; palut type of Ch G . . . . . . . . . . . . feathered net skirt; seed beater with parallel G . . . . . . . . . . . . warps; carrying basket flat-bottomed, coiled; 43 54 78 68 69 (totals) deer-hoof rattle; mourning ceremony, with images burned (west only to Ventura Chumash); Wamkish cult. It appears that Chumash culture is the rich est; Gabrielino-Fernandeno and Kitanemuk next; Features limited to the two northern groups Salinan definitely more meager; Costano meager are few. Costano and Salinan: carrying basket est of all. conical and twined. Costano only: boiling bas- kets twined; women shamans prominent. Salinan only: tule mats as house cover alternative INTERTRIBAL STATISTICAL CORRELATIONS thatch (Yokuts import to missions?); musical rasp. This short list probably reflects meager- ness of Costano-Salinan culture, largely. It Mr. Harrington's data, being taken from not may however be partly due to the list being con- books, contain a smaller percentage of negativ structed with reference to Yokuts-Chumash-Gabri- or absences than the answers to list questions elino and weighted for elements known to occur put in the field. This has been our universal there, with nothing to compensate on behalf of experience. At that, many of his negatives ar the two northern groups. universals. That is, they relate to features Chumash s ecialties: earth-covered assembly which do not occur at all in his area and whos house; wi ladder; scaffold beds; bird-skin significance lies in comparison with other are ulanket; spe lr-thrower; tuLedat unroof ed cere- There are however 115 traits on which his monial enclosure, list contains both positive and negative answe that is, in which there are intertribal differ Chumash and Kitanemuk only: daily sweating; ences within the area. The number of unqualif erect headdress of roadrunner tail-feathers; positive or negative answers to these 115 ele trees or seed-tracts owned by households; also is 585, or about five for each element. In t eagle nests; extended burial; grave planks, and count the several informants from one locality grave masts; shell cylinders as treasure (per- have been treated as a unit: Bl and B2 have be haps Salmnan also). lumped as Ba or Chumash of Santa Barbara. Thi Chumash and Gabrielino only: plank boat; makes eleven "tribal" groups out of eighteen i double-ended paddle; yellowhammer bands untrimmed formants, as follows: (viz. feathers rather than quills); hung on pole as banner (Fernandeno). Group ~~~~Abbrev. + Gabrielino, or Gabrielino-FernandeMo, spe- Group cialties are fewer than Chumash or Chumash-Ki- Costano, Northern . . . . . . . . Cn 20 tanemuk: U-ladder cradle frame; bull-roarer in Costano, Southern . . . . . . . . Cs 35 initiation ritual; Chungichnich, and Raven his Salinan, Antoniano . . . . . . . An 24 messenger; tobacco not used as offering. Salinan, Migueleno . . . . . . . Mi 17 Chumash, Inezeno . . . . . . . . In 18 Some limited or irregular distributions: com- Chumash, Barbareino . Ba 19 munal dwellings, multiple household, but without Chumash, Ventureno . . . . . . . Ve 32 separate doors or fires: Salinan, Chumash, Chumash, Emigdiano . . . . . . . Em 12 Kitanemuk. Shoshonean, Serrano speech group, Name of dead taboo until regiven to a child: Kitanemuk . . . . . . . . . . . Ki 25 Costano, Chumash, Kitanemuk; taboo indefinitely Shoshonean, Gabrielino speech or permanently: Salinan, Gabrielino (Chumash group, Fernandeno . . . . . . . Fe 10 and Kitanemuk also specified--presumably in Shoshonean, Gabrielino speech case the name was not rebestowed). group, Gabrielino .............. Ga 21A CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XIX--HARRINGTON: CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST 3 Within the framework of these 115 varying Ve-Em 11 0 1 20 elements, all the groups show an excess of nega- -Ki 18 9 4 44 tive entries, as is usual, except the two Cos- -Fe 9 3 1 16 tano divisions. The reason for this exception -Ga 17 12 17 7 is not clear. The list furnished Mr. Harrington Em-Ki 9 1 2 18 though originally developed among the Pomo, was -Fe 6 2 1 13 subsequently given more southerly orientation -Ga 7 5 6 13 by Drucker and Driver; so that negatives rather than positives might have been expected to be Ki-Fe 8 2 1 16 particularly numerous among the Costano, who -Ga 14 5 21 33 lived farthest north. Possibly the cause is greater paucity of surviving information among Fe-Ga 9 1 1 18 the Costano, which made Mr- Harrington cautious about entering any but clearly remembered facts, and these would tend to be positive. While the absolute values are small--the low,,- The following are the a, b, c, d intertribal est totals only 8 items--they seem sufficient to values: operate with. However, of the bb sets of values, 22 contain a 0: 16 for "d" in Costano-non-Costano Cn-Cs 20 0 0 3 comparisons, and 6 for "b" or "c" in intra-Cos- -An 5 5 1 0 tano and intra-Chumash comparisons. These in- -Mi 6 5 1 0 validate the use of the Yule ',2 fornula. I have -In 3 14 1 0 therefore had rhk and Z computed (see tables 1 -Ba 2 11 1 0 and 2, p. 4). The rhk values convert into the -Em 1 6 1 0 diagram of figure 1. -Ki 2 17 1 0 -Fe 1 8 1 0 -Ga 1 14 3 0 Cs-An 9 9 5 2 Cost. Sal. Chumash Shosh. -Mi 8 10 4 0 Cn V En Ki Fe Ga -In 6 20 4 1 In Ba e -Ba 4 19 4 0 Cn E U -Ve 6 27 11 0 C -Em 2 9 1 0 -Ki 3 24 9 0 Cs -Fe 1 12 1 0 -Ga 2 21 9 0 An | A A An-Mi 25 1 1 32 Mi * ED DD L Z l II -In 13 13 8 19 -Ba 10 6 12 18 In DI a E E M * * * ED CD -Ve 12 19 13 19 -Em 4 5 7 13 Ba | I LI] EU U E I FL -Ki 8 23 12 16 -Fe 27_ VeDE MEILI -Ga 4 23 7 21 I Hi-In 14 8 7 21 -Ba 10 7 7 21 Ki | * D f IE I* -Ve 14 11 11 22 -Em 4 3 7 15 Fe M EE T -Ki 9 16 10 18 -Fe 2 5 7 8 Ga *#D ID IL E -Ga 4 17 20 9 m 0.85-1.oo In-Ba 21 1 0 38 -Ve 22 3 0 41 0.50-0.8 -Em 10 1 1 19 -Ki 15 12 4 36 0 0.00-0.49 -Fe 7 4 2 15 l -Ga 12 12 13 25 negative Ba-Ve 21 0 0 40 * less than -0.80 -Ki 14 6 4 35 -Fe 7 3 2 16 Fig. 1. Graphic presentation of rhk -Ga 12 10 13 25 coefficients. 4 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS TABLE 1 Intertribal Coefficients by Formula rhk Cn Cs An Mi In Ba Ve Em Ki Fe Ga Cn 1.00 -0.29 -0.26 -0.47 -0.55 -0.52 -0.67 -0.55 -0.67 -0.84 Cs 1.00 -0.19 -0.44 -0.45 -0.64 -0.73 -0.53 -0.82 -0.71 -0.87 An -0.29 -0.19 0.93 0.24 0.21 -0.02 0.09 -0.21 -0.32 -0.13 Mi -0.26 -0.44 0.93 0.39 0.34 0.23 0.22 0.00 -0.17 -0.49 In -0.47 -0.45 0.24 0.39 0.97 0.91 0.86 0.50 0.55 0.16 Ba -0.55 -0.64 0.21 0.34 0.97 1.00 0.94 0.62 0.61 0.20 Ve -0.52 -0.73 -0.02 0.23 0.91 1.00 0.94 0.62 0.72 0.20 Em -0.67 -0.53 0.09 0.22 0.86 0.94 0.94 0.78 0.70 0.27 Ki -0.55 -0.82 -0.21 0.00 0.50 0.62 0.62 0.78 0.76 0.31 Fe -0.67 -0.71 -0.32 -0.17 0.55 0.61 0.72 0.70 0.76 0.85 Ga -0.84 -0.87 -0.13 -0.49 0.16 0.20 0.20 0.27 0.31 0.85 *rhk = (ad-bc)/v![(a+c)(b+d)(a+b)(c+d)]. The following inferences can be drawn from sidered, a block consisting of Chumash, Kitane these tabulations. muk, and FernandeAo is evident. That the Gab 1. The intergroup relations are regular, and elino do not adhere to this block is surprisi linear according to geography, in order from because of the similarity of their speech to northwest to southeast. that of the Fernandeto. Evidently their outlo 2. All high coefficients are internal to and relations were southward. linguistic groups. For instance, all four Chu- 4. With medium coefficients included, the mash groups are more similar to one another than Gabrielino as well as the Fernandeho are seen to any non-Chumash group; this in spite of the belong with the Chumash and Kitanemuk; and the fact that the Emigdiano were neighbors of the Salinan go with the Chumash, but only with the Kitanemuk, and the Ventureho of the Gabrielino, 5. The Costano have only negative coeffi- but that both were some distance east of the cients, except as between their two divisions, Inezeho Chumash. In short, ethnic relationship and possess much the most divergent culture in as evidenced by speech made for closer cultural the area. similarity than did geographical proximity, in The values for Z come out very close to tho this area. for rhk. In fact all the significant rank or- 3. With second-rank coefficients also con- ders and groupings are the same. TABLE 2 Intertribal Coefficients by Formula Z* Cn Cs An Mi In Ba Ve Em Ki Fe Ga Cn 1.00 -0.09 0.00 -0.67 -0.71 -0.62 ^0.75 -0.80 -0.80 -0.89 Cs 1.00 -0.12 -0.27 -0.55 -0.70 -0.73 -0.67 -0.83 -0.86 -0.88 An -0.09 -0.12 0.93 0.21 0.22 -0.02 0.17 -0.19 -0.27 -0.09 Mi 0.00 -0.27 0.93 0.40 0.38 0.24 0.31 0.02 -0.09 -0.48 In -0.67 -0.55 0.21 0.40 0.97 0.91 0.87 0.52 0.57 0.19 Ba -0.71 -0.70 0.22 0.38 0.97 1.00 0.94 0.66 0.64 0.23 Ve -0.62 -0.73 -0.02 0.24 0.91 1.00 0.94 0.65 0.73 0.21 Em -0.75 -0.67 0.17 0.31 0.87 0.94 0.94 0.80 0.73 0.29 Ki -0.80 -0.83 -0.19 0.02 0.52 0.66 0.65 0.80 0.78 0.29 Fe -0.80 -0.86 -0.27 -0.09 0.57 0.64 0.73 0.73 0.78 0.86 Ga -0.89 -0.88 -0.09 -0.48 0.19 0.23 0.21 0.29 0.29 0.86 *Z ( a+ed-b-c ) / (a+d+b+c ) INFORMANTS AND ABBREVIATIONS INFORMANTS Kitanemuk Serrano.--(Kl) Eugenia. Of mixed Kitanemuk and Kawaiisu descent. (K2) Jose Juan ?oostanoan, Northern.--Information from San Fustero. Of mixed Kitanemuk and Alliklik descent. M iission and vicinity. Nearly all information from Kl. KCostanoan, Southern.--Information from San Fernandelo.--Setimo Lopez. Of Fernandelo Bautista, Carmel, and Soledad missions. descent. Antoniano Salinan.--Antonio Gomez. Of Anto- Gabrielino.--(Gl) Jose Maria Zaldidea. Of o descent. mixed Gabrielino and Shoshonean Island descent. igueleio Salinan.--Pacifico Gallego. Of (G2) Jose de los Santos Juncos. Of Juaneio gieleto descent. (Ajachme) descent, but reared at San Gabriel. IIezeio Chumash.--Maria Solares. Partly of (G3) Felicitas Montana. Of mixed Gabrielino and are~ (Yokuts)descent. However, her informa- Shoshonean Island descent. Information mostly on was checked, and it is pure InezeYo. from G3. Barbareho Chumash.--(Bl) Luisa Ignacio. Of arelo and Spanish descent. (B2) Juan de TRIBAL ABBREVIATIONS IN TEE ELEMENT LIST Justo. Of Barbareio descent. Little in- tion from B2. Cn Costanoan, Northern Ventureho Chumash.-- (Vl) Fernando Librado. Cs Costanoan, Southern ly of Island Indian descent, but VentureAo An Antoniano Salinan ormation. (V2) Simplicio Pico. Mother Ven- Mi Migueleio Salinan , father Spanish. (V3) Candelaria Valen- In Inezeffo Chumash ela. Partly of Fernandeho descent, and had Bl, B2 BarbareAo Chumnash sited among Kitanemuk. (V4) Jose Peregrino Vl, V2, V3, V4 Ventureho Chumash ro. Pure Ventureto descent. Nearly'all in- Em Emigdiano Chimash tion from Vl and V3. Kl, K2 Kitanemuk Serrano migdiano Chumash.--Juan Valdez. Of mixed Fe FernandeTo sh and Kern Lake Yokuts descent. G1, G2, G3 Gabrielino Fi. ,~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~5 CULTURE ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONS LIST SYMBOIS USED IN THE ELEMENT LIST + Present R Recent - Absent * Asterisk indicates that there is a note i'-) 9 Probably present, or absent, or said to to the element under "Ethnographic be; doubt on part of ethnographer Notes on the Element List." * Inquired into but uncertain ELENENI'S OCCURRENCE _ Cn Cs An Mi In Bl B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em KlK 2 Fe Gl G2 HUNTING 1. Communal drive: with fire . . . . . . . . 2. Over cliff, occasionally, by chance + 3. Antelopes into enclosure . . . . . + + 4. Rabbits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 5. Rabbits into net . . . . . . . . . + + 6. Running down deer . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + 7. Individually . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + 8. In relays, or back and forth . . . 9. Spring-pole snare: for deer . . . . . . . 10. For small birds . . . . . . . . . . + + + + 11. For ducks, trigger under water . . _ _ _ 12. Running noose for deer . . 13. Fences with nooses in gaps for deer, rabbit, quail . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14. Long nets for: deer . . . . . . . . . . . 15. Rabbits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16. Quail .... 16. Qual .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .__ 17. Ducks or geese . . . . . . . . . 18. Pocket nets for small game . . . . . . 19. Woodpecker net trap . . 20. Basketry trap for quail, long . . 21. Deadfalls: for large game . . 22. For small game . . . . . . . . + *+ + + + 23. With acorn "trigger" . . . . . . . + + + 24. Pitfalls for large game . . 25. Booths and blinds* . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + 26. Live-bird decoys* . . . . 27. Stuffed bird skins.* . . . . . . . . . . 28. Deer- (antelope-) head disguise . . . . .+ + + + + + + + + + 29. Grass or brush deer-disguise worn . . + 30. Bolas, 2 bones on string, for birds . . + 31. Flares for flying geese, etc. . . . . . 32. Dogs for hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . + 33. Rat nests burned . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + 34. Fan for blowing smoke into ground- squirrel holes . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + 35. Feather fan, brush on occasion . + + + FISHING 36. Seine net, dragged or circled ......+ + 9 37. Gill netv set .............._ 38. Dip net++ [6] CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XIX--HARRINGTON: CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST 7 Cn Cs An Mi In Bl B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Kl K2 Fe Gl G2 G3 ing net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ _ ne sinker: transverse groove . . . . .() (+) l. Longitudinal groove . . . . . . . . led sinker . . . . . . . . . . . . . .) ) t floats . . . . . . .1n e . . . k.s. . . + ng fishtrap twined of slender sticks. + shing scaffold . . . . . . . . . . . . oon with foreshaft . . . . . . . . . + + :4?. Inserted . . . . . . . . . . . . . + *. 48. Single toggle . . . . . . . . . . . + 49. Of bone, pitch, and cord + + -50. Quills used in toggle . . . . . . . 51. Toggle barbed . . . . . . . . . . . ish "spear" with one point . . . . . . . + 53. Bone point, one barb . . . . . . . + Iish "spear" with 2 points, 1 barb each + _ _ Several prongs spread by ring . . . . . . Gaff for raking fish . . . . . . . . . . Double-pointed "hook" (gorget). . . . . ._ WSarp-angled hook of cactus spine . 59. Of bone, 2 points . . . . . . . . . + + O,ircular hook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + i 61. Of haliotis . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + 62. Of mussel shell . . . . . . . . . . + + Artificial fly of hair, feathers, etc.. Large fish scoop of sticks . . . . . . . Catching crawfish with hands . . . . . . Fish club. Neck of fish broken . . . . . . _ Bonfire for night fishing . . . + Fish poisoning ........... . + + + + + + + + ANIMAIS EATEN Dog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + i Wolf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + Coyote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + Fox ~~~~~~~~~+ + Bear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + Pmar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + ++ + Wildcat . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+ + + + Skunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + _ + + + Raccoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + Tree squirrel . . . . . ....... ....... .... . + + + + + + Mole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + Eagle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _+ + Buzzard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Raven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._H Hawk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + Owrl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ H H Dove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + Muid hen . . . . . . . .... . . . .... . . . + + + + + + + + Snake ......................... + + + + + + ++ Lizard (guicos ) + + + + + + + +) 9 ) TortoiseM....+ + + + + + ~Frog ..9. 9 9 9 8 ANTEROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Cn Cs An Mi In Bl B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Ki K2 Fe Gl G2 FOOD PRACTICES AND TABOOS 92. Fetuses taboo to young . . . . . . . . . 93. Deer heart taboo to women . . . . . . . 94. Quail eggs taboo to young . . . . . . . 95. Heavy vague restrictions against a youth eating his kill . . . . . . . . . . . + + 96. Mussels at times poisonous .... ... _ _ 97. Octopus poisonous . . . . . . . . + 98. Sex hostile to deer hunting . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + 99. To fishing . . . . . . . . . . . 100. Root incense before hunting . . . . . . - 101. Ritual disposal of deer or fish bones. 102. Game believed immortal . . . . . . . . . 103. All-night ceremony for deer hunt . . . . 104. Singing at home while man hunts deer . . + 105. Bad luck to follow wounded deer . . . . + 106. Hunters should cook and eat game afield on the sly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + FOOD GATHERING 107. Crook for gathering acorns . . . . . . . 108. Straight pole for knocking off . . . . . + + + + 109. For live-oaks only . . . + 110. Fork-top climbing pole _ _ _ 111. Cross-stick climbing pole _ _ _ 112. Sapling for tree climbing _ _ _ 113. Only men climb 9) 114. Acorns leached: in sand basin + + + + + + + 115. On conifer boughs _ _ _ - _ 116. On fern leaves .. . . + 117. In openwork basket .. . .... + + +999 118. Buried whole in mud . ...... 119. "Molding" (whole kernel). 120. Acorn bread .... . . . . . . ....+ + + 121. Dyed red with fungus or earth.. 122. Cooked in earth oven . ..... + + + 123. Acorn "biscuits," i.e., very thick mush .+ + + + 124. Mesquite .... . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ _ _ ____ *+- _ __. 126. Yucca. .. . . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127. Agave ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 128. Chia (Salvia columbariae) ....... . + + + + + + + + 129. "Grass" seeds .... . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + 130. Wooden knife for cutting off heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131. Buckeye nuts .... . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + 132. Wild-plum-seed meal .... . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + 133. Cactus fruit .... . . . . . .. ... + + + + + + + + 134. Cactus tongs .... . . . . . . ... . + + + + + + + + 135. Yellow-jacket larvae eaten . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + 136. Grasshoppers .... . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + 137. Caught in pits .... . . . . . + 138. Octopus eaten .- - - - - - - - - - - --- + + + + 139. Angleworms eaten . .. .- 9 _ 140. Caterpillars (chrysalids) eaten .... + + + 9) 141. Salt from mineral . . . ................... + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 142. Seaweed (lettuce) dried and eaten . ..| + l+ + l+ + +l ll CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XIX--HARRINGTON: CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST 9 Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vi V2 V3 V4 Em Kl K2 Fe Gi G2 G3 Salt from burned "grass . . . . . . . . Salt from ocean . . . . . . . . . . . . + + i) Hoineydew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + W Digging stick for roots, etc. . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 147. Stone-ring weight . . . . . . . .() 148. Footrest . . . . . . . . . . . . Soaproot as fish poison . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + 150. As food (root). . . . . . . . . . + + 151. Shoots eaten green . . . . . . . 152. Adhesive for coating brush . . . + + + . Vegetable chewing gum . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + ,Asphalt as chewing gum . . . . . . . . .+ (i) + FOOD PREPARATION AND STORAGE , Small mammals pulverized . . . . . . . . + + + + + + , Dried venison pulverized . . . . . . . .(+) , Dried fish pulverized . . . . . . . . . Ground bone cooked . . . . . . . . . . . ,Marrow extraction . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + 160. With little stick . . . . . . . + + .Earth oven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 162. For Spanish bayonet cabbages, 4-foot diam.* . . . . . . . . . + + 163. For cacomites, diam. 3-4 feet . . + + , Stone boiling in baskets . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + , Blood cooked in paunch or gut . . . . .) , Parching, with coals, on basket, tossing + + + + + + + + + 167. In pot, in mission times only . . R R R R R R R + , Sun drying of food . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + , Smoke drying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + +__ , Granaries, outdoors, on platform . . . . R 171. With flat tule roof . . . . . . . R , Roughly coiled ("bird's nest") granary on ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 173. Roofed with grass . . . . . . . . + + Storage indoors in large coiled baskets * + + + + + + + + + + + ,Irrigation of wild crops . . . . . . . . , Burning for better wild crop . . . . . . ,.Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HOUSES Ceremonial "sweat house," large, circular * . circlar* . . . . . . . . . . . . ..+ i Ceremonial "sweat house" (like 178) plus small sweat house . . . . . .+ + + + + + + Small sweat house only, semicircular* . + + + + + 181. Conical .... + 182. Domed (See 245-247) . . . . . . . Large sweat house: door at top . . . . . + Small sweat house: door at side . . . . + + 185.. Center posts . . . . . . . . . . 186. Medial posts 187. Many peripheral posts...... + 188. Built in pit against bank, earth [ ~~thrown against lower half of F "temescal" .... + 10 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Kl K2 Fe Gl G2 189. Door on level of ground, facing water . . . . . . . . . + 190. No smoke hole . . . . . . . . . . + 191. Entrance rectangular . . . . . . + 192. Door of weeds . . . . . . . . . . i 193. Stone platform outside door . . . 194. Fireplace near center . . . . . . + 195. On surface of ground, no pit . . + 196. Large sweat house earth-covered all over + + 197. Fireplace in center, or nearly. + + 198. Posts of different heights set contiguous . . . . . . . . . . + 199. Dwelling domed (See 204 f.). . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + 200. Dwelling conical . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 201. Dwelling gabled, only from mission times R R R 202. 2-pitch roof . . . . . . . . . . R R R 203. Nearly flat roof . . .R R R 204. Domed dwelling circular . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + 205. Peripheral posts a step apart, no. varying, no central posts + + + + + + + 206. Thatch of tule, wild alfalfa, fern, carrizo . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + 207. Pole binders for thatch. .+ - _ _ _ 208. Mats as covering . . . . . . . . + 209. Of tule . . . . . . . . . + 210. Earth cover all over . . . . . . 211. Skins for cover . . . . . . 212. Entrance faces "street" or beach, so would not face N wind . . . + + + 213. Smoke hole the main entrance . . 214. Second side or back entrance . . 215. Entrance rectangular or nearly so + + + + + + + 216. Entrance covered with mat of tule * + + + + + 217. Entrance flush with wall, no tunnel.. + 218. Stone platform outside door. . . 219. Fireplace in center, or nearly so + + + + + + ++ 220. Fireplace on surface or slight hollow from throwing out ashes. + + + + 221. Communal house *. + + + + + + 222. Separate entrances . . . . . . . 223. Separate fires . . . . . . . . . 224. Separate allotments of space . . + + + 225. Partitions mere tule mats . . . . + + 226. Families related . . . . . . . . + + 227. Beds on raised scaffold * . . . . . . . . + + + + 228. Mats for bedding . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + 229. Skins for bedding, esp. bearskins + + + + 230. Whale-vertebra stool . . . . . + + + + + + 231. Ladder (only in large sweat house) .+ 232. Earth oven inside house, separate from fire . . . . . . . . .+ 233. Houses in single or double row . . + + + 234. Brush-fence ceremonial structure . . + + + + + 235. Of tule mats . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + 236. Only insummer . 237. Primarily for mourning ceremony . _- 238. Circular........... .. *++ + + 239. Center post........... .- _ _ - _ 240. Direction of entrance fixed* .... .. CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XIX--HARRINGTON: CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST 11 Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Kl K2 Fe Gl G2 G3 1.Roofed . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Screen in rear for performers 3. Sides and seat allotment . . . . 4. Near chief's house + + + 1 (steam-heated ?) sweat house, med (see no. 182) . . . . . . . . . + + 6. Built against bank (see no. 182). + + + + + i) r 247. Covering of brush (see no. 182) .| [ l + + l l trual hut + + + + (+) g hut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ _ __ ng house for fish or meat se or shade for grinding . . . . . ting by direct fire heat (see nos. 178-198) . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + (+) 253. Sweat-house singing . + 254. Competitive sweat groups . . . . + 255. Sweating daily + + + + 256. Sweat-house fuel-gathering ritual NAVIGATION Simple dug-out boats + + + 258. Hollowed by burning (+) (+) 'Plank boat.+ + + + + + + + 260. Planks drilled, lashed, calked > with asphalt . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + Large stone for anchor . . . . + + Balsa (tule-rush raft boat). . + + + + + + + 263. Prow curved up + + + + 264. Three bundles . . . . . . . . . + + + + 265. Lashed together + + + + 266. Pinned together with sticks . . . 267. One or two passengers + + + 268. Usable on ocean + + + Paddle double-ended + + + + ,Ferriage in baskets .Ferriage in pots. GRINDING UTENSILS ,Stone mortars: bedrock .+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 274. Portable.+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 275. Hollowed, spheroid, out- side ground . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 276. Hollowed, outside rough hewn .+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 277. Slab (?) ............i + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 278. Squared. (. 279. Special, small, for paint, medi- cine, tobacco, etc. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 280. Used by poisoner only . . . . ) () ( () 281. Sunk in ground (sometimes). . . . + () i) + + + + 282. Made by Coyote or myth people . . I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ _ 283. Made by recent humans. ..... + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ,Wood mortars, hollowed. ........ + (+) H- H2 285. In end of log.- ( .... ) 286. In side of log.+ . | +(+) |l 12 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Kl K2 Fe Gl G2 287. Sunk in ground . . . . . . . . . *+ (+) 288. Pounding slab . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 289. Hopper basket: set on . . . . . . () ? - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 290. Asphalted on . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 291. Pestles of wood . . . . . . . . . . . . (+) 292. Pestles of stone . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 293. Natural . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 294. Shaped . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 295. Ring near top (?). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 296. Ring near bottom. + 297. With bulb end . . . . . . 298. Long, slender (ca. 2 ft.), for deep stone mortar. + + + + 299. Metates or grinding slab, more or less oval (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . ()(+) )+ + + (+) 300. Used on one side . . . . . . . . + + + 301. Used on both sides . . . . . . . + 302. Sunk in ground . . . . . . . . . + + + 303. Mullers: oval . . . . . . . . . . . . .(+) (+) + + + + + + + + (+ + + + + 304. Squared, Mexican style .++ H (-)?_?_?_ _ _ H 305. Looped . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306. 2-horned . . . . . . . . . . . . 307. Back and forth motion, Mexican style . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 308. Round or elliptical motion . . . (+) (+) + + + + + + + + + + + + + HOUSEHOLD IMPLEMENTS 309. Brushes: soaproot . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 310. Hair . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 311. Mealing . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 312. Agave fiber . . . . . . . . . . . 313. Other fiber . . . . . . . . . . . 314. Roots for hair . . . . . . . . .) 315. Pine burr for hair . . . . . . . 316. Porcupine tail for hair. 317. Swab for sipping . . . . . . . . 318. Food stirrer: 1-stick . . . . . . . . . 319. 3-stick . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320. Paddle . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 321. Looped stick . . . . . . . . . . - 322. Stone lifter: looped stick . . . . . . . ) 323. 2-sticks . . . . . . . . . . . . ) ) ) 324. Split stick . . . . . . . . . . . H H H H) 325. Spoons: horn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326. Shell, natural . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 327. Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328. Pottery . . . . . . . 329. Gourd (dipper)* . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 330. Bark platter for meat . . . . . . . . . ) ) + ) 331. Wood platter for meat . . . . . . . . . ) ) H H 332. Wood bowls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 333. Cylindrical box with lid . . . . . . . . F H H H ) F 334. Steatite fry-pan . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 335. Trapezoidal, holed . . . . . . . ) (+) ++ + + + + ) (+)++ ++ 336. Small-mouthed vessels, spheroid (olla) .+ + + + + + + + + + +++++ 337. Open cooking vessel, directly over fire. F+) F) + + + + + + + + +++++ 338. Flat bottom..... .F F) . . .- 339. Rounded bottoa .F..... )Fi) ++ + + +++F()Fi)+ + CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XIX--HARRINGTON: CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST 13 Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Ki K2 Fe Gl G2 G3 :: TOOIS AND PROCE3SSES Knives: hafted . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 341. Buckskin wrapped.(+) (+) + + + + (+) 342. Bone for butchering .(. . .) (i) + + + + + 343. Flint for butchering .(+) i) (+) (+) () (+) Split cobble for cutting . . .(+) (+) + + + + + + + (+) Scrapers and fleshers: chipped stone, edge retouched, hafted. .. ) H) H .) (-) () H H H 346. Horn .HVH ()) H (H) H 347. Bone: rib . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 348. Scapula .. ) (-) . . x). .-. .() ( H 349. Split cobble .... . . + + .i.) (+) + + + 350. Shell.(+) (+) (+) (+) ,Awls: bone, deer cannon . . . ....... ... + + + + + + + + + + + + + 352. Deer ulna ... . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + 353. For lamprey splitting H(+) (+) i) (+) (+) 354. Cactus spines . . . . . . . . . . (-) ) (-) ) ) 355. Handle wrapped .... . . . . . (+) (+) + + (+) (+) + 356. Handle covered with asphalt . . (+) (+) + + + + + + + (+) (+) Drilling: with tiny flint held in fin- gers with buckskin.(+) (+) + + + + (+) (+) 358. Stone point, wooden shaft . . . + + + 359. Bone awl for shell work (+) + + 360. Cleft stick for vise (+ ) (+) 361. Object held in toes. + + Wooden adz, shell blade (iron blade in mission times) .+ + Wedges: deerhorn, straight .+ + + + + + + + + (+) (+) 364. Length, max. 6 in., av. 4 in. .... . .. . (+) (+) ++ + + + i) i) 365. Wood .... . . . . . . .... (+) (+) () 366. Whalebone .... . . . . . . . . + () Mauls (not pestles): pear shaped (Yurok) 368. Natural cobble . .+ (+) (+) + + + + + 369. Wooden club for pounding . Flint flaking: retouching by pressure. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 371. Antler flaker . . () + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 372. Retouching by percussion .. . + + _ + + + + + + + + + + + Skin dressing: by men .... . . . . . + + + + + 4 + + + 4 + + + + + + 374. Rubbing stone (?).+ + + + + + + + + + + 375. Blunted, inclined rubbing post. + + + + + + + + + + + + + 376. Brains and wood ashes + + + + + + + + + + i) 377. Oil or grease . . .+ + + + + + + + (+) + 378. Smoked . . . . . . .. - ... _ _ _ BONE, AND SHELL WORK (ORNA1MENTAL) liotis pendants and ornaments: thin circles with tab (+) i ) . (+) 380. Banjo-shaped i ) . i .) (+) 381 Haliotis inlay i. .) (+) + + + + + + + (+) g gorget, clamshell .... . . . . . _ lashell asphalt-mosaic .(. . . . ) .. pbaidian curves ............................. (H) (-) H-) () osidian blades (NW type) .. ................ () H(+) arved steatite artifacts: "scoop or ; shovel"...............9 9 38>7. "Spike" ............. .9 9 14 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Ki K2 Fe Gi G2 388. "Hook" .... ..........(+) .i.) . 389. Cetacean . . . . . . . . . . . .() (+) (+) 390. Quadruped . . . . . . . . . . . .(+) (+) 391. Cog-wheel stones .(+) i .) 392. Cylindrical vase (steatite) (.) (.) 393. Wands with perforated stones and feathers (+) (+) i) 394. Charmstones plummet shaped . + + 395. Charmstones spindle shaped (Yokuts type) (+) (+) + 396. Bear-paw stones ....... .) ) .) l 397. Pictographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + 398. Petroglyphs .... . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + WEAPONS 399. Self bow .... . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + 400. Length 3 1/2 feet, or less. . . . + + + + + 400a. Length 3 1/2 - 4 112 (5) feet .. + + + + + + 401. Tips, or whole, sinew wrapped .. + + + 402. Ends recurved . . . . . . . . . . 403. Sinew-backed bow . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + H () 404. Length 3 feet . . . + + + + + + + + + + 405. Length 3-3 1/2 (4) feet. + + + + 406. Width 1 1/2 inches . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 407. Imported . . . . . . . . . . . . 408. Made locally .+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 409. Ends recurved (sometimes) . . . + + + + 410. Bowstring, sinew .+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 411. Vegetable fiber . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 412. Two or three-ply (pre-Caucasian). + + + + + 414. Two-ply . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + 415. Position when shooting: horizontal (or nearly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 416. Slanting . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 417. Bow kept strung . . . . . . . . . . . . 418. Wood from one side of tree (N,E,S,W).. 419. Wristguard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+ + + + + 420. Arrows single shaft, no head . . . . . . + + 421. For birds, sharp . . . . . . . . + + 422. For war . . . 423. Ring-pointed for water skipping. 424. Bird arrow with cross sticks. . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 425. Foreshafted, no other head . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 426. Foreshafted, stone or bone head . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 427. No shaft, but head . . . . . . . + + 428. Of cane, hardwood foreshaft . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 429. Pyrographic ornament . . . + + + 430. 2 wooden points, featherless for fish* 431. Arrowheads of stone . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 432. Tanged . . . . . . . . . . . . . ) (+) 433. Not tanged + + 434. Single base notch . . . + + + 435. Triangular . . . . . . . . + + + 436. Laurel leaf . . . . . . . + + 437. Arrowheads of bone . 438. Feathering: radial, 3. ........ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 439. 4............ .- . . . . _. _- 440. Spiral .............+ + 441. Tangential, double.... . . - _ _ _ _- CULTtlRE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XIX--HARRINGTON: CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST 15 Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Kl K2 Fe Gl G2 G3 442. Asphalt adhesive . . . . . . . . +________________ 443. Gum or pitch adhesive . . . . . . -444. (Fish) glue adhesive . . . . . . ~rrow poison, rattlesnake . . . . . . .+ 446. Liver or gall + + + + Otone arrow straightener, 1-piece. . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 448. 1 groove . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 449. 2 or 3 grooves . . . . . . . . . + + + + 450. Transverse . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 451. Longitudinal . . . . . . . . . . 452. More or less rectangular (sometimes) . . . . . . . . . . + 453. Oval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 454. For cane arrows only . . . . . . 456. 2-piece, single groove in each. . 457. Of steatite . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 458. Of sandstone . . . . . . . . . . 459. Incised design for pyrography Clay arrow straightener Wooden arrow straightener . . . . . . . Perforated elkhorn straightener . . . . Arrow release: primary . . . . . . . . . + + 464. Secondary . . . . . . . . . . . .+ + + + Quiver: cased skin . . . . . . . . . . . 466. Open skinned, sewed up middle . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 467. Tule . . . . . . . . . .....________________ 468. Carried on back, arrows pulled over shoulder . . . . . . . . .+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 469. Carried at side under arm . . . . _ _ _ Spears and javelins . . . . . . . . . . 471. Spear thrower . . . . . . . . . .+ (+) Shields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ______________ Quiver used as shield . . . . . . . . . Armor wo rn............... __________________ Sling: for hunting birds . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 476. For small game . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 477. For war . . . . . . . . . . . . .________________ 478. Clay shot . . . . . . . . . . . . Clubs: simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . ) 480. Ball-ended . . . . . 481. Cone-ended (potato masher). . . . ????(+) (+) (+) 482. "Slave-killer" stone club, edged. 483. Curved rabbit club . . . . . . .(+) (+) (+) + + + + + + + + + + + 484. Straight rabbit club . . . . . . + Daggers: elkhorn . . . . . . . . . . . . 486. Bone: whale, cannon, ulna . . . (?) (+) 487. Hardwood . . . . . . . . . . . .(+) (+) BODY ADORNMENT--HABITUAL* Hair Head hair: long, past shoulders, m,f J.. + + + + + + + + + + + + + 489. To neck or shoulders, m,f . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + (+) 490. Short, close cropped, m,f . . + + 491. Bangs on forehead, wom en.. + + + + + + + + + + + + + 492. Cut by singeing off, m,f . ... + + + + + + + + + Plucking of beard: with fingernails ..+ 494. With stone flake ..... . .. .- _- _ _ _ 16 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Kl K2 Fe Gl 495. With tweezers . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + 496. Shaving with oijsidian flake . . . . . . 497. Depilation of body hair . . . . . . . . ) (-) () ) 498. Depilation of eyebrows . . . . . . . . . 499. Coiffure: loose, m,f . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + 500. Parted in middle, m,f .(+) (+) (+) .) (+) 501. Part painted red . . . . . 502. Knotted in back, m,f . . . . . . + + + + 503. One tie at neck with string, m,f. + + %+) + + + *+ 504. In pencils . . . . . 505. One braid down back, m,f . . . + + + + + + + 506. Two braids front of shoulders,m,f + R *R 507. Doubled back or tied on top of f . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + 508. Clay hair washing against lice, m,f . + + + + + + + 509. Mesquite hair dye in mud plaster . . . . 510. Other hair dye . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511. Oil or marrow hair-oil, m,f . . . . . . + + + + + Mutilations 512. Ear lobe bored, m,f . . . . . . . . . . *+ + + + + + + + 513. Nasal septum bored, men . . . . . . . . *+ *+ + + + + + + i) 514. Intentional head deformation, fronto- occipital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515. By manipulation, with hands only. + + 516. Tattooing, m,f . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + 517. Face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 518. Chin nearly solid . . . . H () (7) - - _ _ 519. Chin, vertical lines . . . 7 ( () (-) - - ( - 520. Horizontal or radiatory across cheeks . . . . . 521. On forehead . . . . . . . + + + 522. Arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 523. Thighs . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 524. Special fate of soul of untattooed . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ornaments 525. Necklaces: clamshell beads, m,f . . . . | | t+) + + + + + 526. Whole olivella shells, m,f . . . ) +) + + + + + 527. Olivella beads, m,f . . . . . . . + + + + + 528. Squared, m,f . . . . . . .) ) 529. Dentalia . . . . . . . . . . . .) 530. Bear claws . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + 531. Eagle claws . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + 532. Deer hoofs . . . . . . . . . . .) ) 533. Belts, clamshell beads or human hair . (7) ( 534. Woodpecker scalp . . 535. String, of Indian hemp. . . . + + + + + + + + + + 536. Ear ornaments: elder or carrizo tube for tobacco; men . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + 537. Others . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538. Nose ornaments: "nose-stick"; men . . . + + + + + + (+) 539. Shell . . . . . . . . . + + + + 540. Bone, bipointed . . . .iA) 541. Feather........_ 542. Pendant, shell or string of beads (7 (7|H ) (7) 9 CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XIX--HARRINGTON: CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST 17 Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Ki K2 Fe G1 G2 G3 Nonritual Paint Pigments: red spruce fungus . . . . . . 544. Red mineral (from ground) * + + 545. Red mineral (scum off pools). . . _ ) H ) F) ) L) () 546. White mineral. + * Applied to: face . .+ + + 548. Body + + ,Applied by: roller printing . . . . . . 550. Fingers .... . . . . . . . . . + + 551. Brush . . . . .......... .... ... . . . . Cosmetic: mud . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + Miscellaneous .Flowers in hair or ear . . + . . + + + + + + + + 554. Around necks of little girls + Haliotis pendants and ornaments ... . + + + + + + Powdered steatite to prevent chafing . . H F) BODY ADORNMENT--RITUAL AN1D FESTIVAL Head Topknot type bunched in center (Hdbk, 5085. . . . + + + + + ++ + + 558. Base of various feathers . . . + 559. Magpie-feather bunch ... . . . + (+) 560. Roadrunner-tail-feather bunch . . + + + + + Bunches of owl feathers (S. Cal. type) + + .2 feathered sticks, 1 each sid e e- - _ - Spliced condor feather, trimmed with woodpecker scalps .- - - - - _ _ _ _ .3 rods, woodpecker covered ..- - - _ - - _ Feather "forks and darts" (cf. Dixon, Maidu), flicker-quill attachment . . . .Yellowhammer-quill bands .+... .... + (+) + + + + + + + + + 567. All trimmed, edge even . . . . . 568. Feather tips at intervals . 569. Feathers untrimmed (Luiseilo type) + + + + + 570. Other than yellowhammer + 571. Worn on forehead + + + + 572. Worn down back (+) 573. Worn as bandolier (+) 574. Hung on pole as banner + + + ,Woodpecker scalp . . . . . . . . . . . . ,Fur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H_ _____ ___ .Sea-lion tooth .... . . . . . .. - .) Haliotis-shell rim "horns" - _ _ ,Headdress of human hair . ....(+) ? . . 580. Other than headband . ...... 'Big head,? radiating feather-tipped sticks or similar for bole dance ... (+) , Head hoop of woodpecker scalps . .... .Feather visors . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flat "wand"? on forehead, snake rattles attac1led, painted red ................(+() 585. Flint or crystal on end F.................) . "Masks" (face covering) .... ..... 18 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Kl K2 Fe Gl 02 587. Hairpins of wood . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + 588. Of bone . + + + + + 589. Bird (hollow). + + + + + 590. Mammal (solid). + + + + 591. 1-point (natural joint at other end) .. . (-) (.) H) F) 592. 2-pointed .F.. . ) ()H () F) 593. Ear ornaments* . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594. Mud smeared on face for hunting luck after dream . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595. Feather garment on net foundation* . . .+ + + + + F) 596. Tied over shoulders . . . . . . .(+) (+) (+) (+) 597. Tied under arms . . . . . . . . .) 598. Tied around waist . . . . . . . .) (+) (+) 599. Skirts: eagle-down rope, pendent wing or tail feathers at bottom . . . . . . .) + 600. Palut, net, pendent wing or tail feathers at bottom * (+) + + + + + + + 601. Belts: woodpecker scalps, mallard drake. 602. Bandolier (see 566 f.) . . . . . . . . . Arms and Legs 603. Women's bracelets of shell beads . . . . + + + + ) 604. Anklets .F) .(.-.).......... . F Held in Hand 605. Feather ornaments . . . . . . . . . . . (+) + + + + + + + + + 606. Shredded tule bundle . . . . . . . . . . 607. Paviut wand: wood . . . . . . . ++ 608. Bone (Chumash arch. spec.)*. . . + 608a.Feather rope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + ) Various 609. Olivella-shell rope, double ). . . . . Paint 610. Pigments: red-spruce fungus . . . . . . 611. Red mineral from ground, red ocher + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 612. Red mineral from scum off pools . _ 613. "White" mineral, kaolin . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 614. Yellow mineral (archaeological) . + 615. Charcoal for black . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 616. Manganese for black, obtained by Cahuilla . . . . . . . . . . . + + 617. Applied to face . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 618. Applied by: roller printing . . . . . . 619. Fingers . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 620. Brush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621. Stick .. .. ..) . L+ i) i) i) i) i) i) i) i) i) (+) i) i) i) i) CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XIX--HARRINGTON: CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST 19 Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Ki K2 Fe Gi G2 G3 ? ~~CLOTBING Headgear: basketry cap, for carrying - only * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+ 623. Cap of animal fur, pre-Caucasian. _ _ _ _ _ _ H 624. Hair net .... .... .. . _ _ _ _ _ 625. Eyeshade . . . . . . . . . . Robes and capes: of hide (hair on), bear* + 627. Sea-otter (probably sewed together) . + 628. Buffalo (imported).... 629. Deer, single skin . . + + + + 630. Deer, double skin, painted _ _ 631. Buckskin (dehaired), with quail tops, single, painted _ _ .. .. 632. Feather robes, double warp of cords with feather insertions + + 633. Warps of bird skin twisted with cords . . . . . 634. Woven rabbitskins (technique under Textiles) ........ under Txtiles)+ + + + + + + + + + + + + 635. Vegetable fiber . . . . . . . . . ,Buckskin shirts and gowns * Cougar or deerskin around middle of body ) ) - _ _ _ _ Breechclout (between legs) . ...... Small front apron: of unfringed buckskin* + 640. Of slit (fringed) buckskin, larger. . . . . . . . . . . . .+ 641. Of shredded inner bark of cotton- wood or willow .(.+.). . . . . 642. Of "grass" . . . .T. . . . . . . 643. Of network .+... . . . . . . . 644. Of seeds, strung . . . . . . . . 645. Worn alone, sometimes ... . . . + 646. Worn with back apron .+ + Large back apron: of buckskin + + + + + 648. Of sewed sea-otter skins . + + + 649. Of fringed buckskin + + + + 650. Of tules 651. Of shredded inner bark of cotton- wood or willow 652. Of braids or cords ... . . . . 653. Back apron merely an animal skin with hair on . . . . . . . . .+ One-piece skirt .. . .. _ _ _ _ _ Two-piece skirt, sewn both sides . . .. , Mittens, of animal skin ... .. i _ Leggings, buckskin, short (to knee). . .() ( - _ - + + Footgear: snowshoe of circular type . . 659. Tule moccasin .... . . . . .- - 660. Yucca-fiber sandal + + 661. Imported + 662. Leather sandal (pre-Caucasian?) + + + + + + + + + + + + + 663. Separate sole (pre- Caucasian) . . . - 664. High moccasin, hard sole . _ _ - (_ (2W) 665. Habitually barefoot ................... + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Naked (men, boys, girls) ................... *+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Body coated with mud or clay, for warmth + + 20 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Kl K2 Fe Gi G2 668. For coolness . . . . . . . . . . + 669. Buckskin bandolier across shoulders 670. Bandolier as regalia . ..... POSTURES 671. Sitting: crosslegged (Turkish) . . . . . + + + + + + + + + 672. On knees and toes, buttocks on heels, feet crossed . . . . + + + + + + + + + + 673. Feet drawn back, both same side + + + + + + + + + V 674. One leg drawn back, as above, other stretched out . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + 675. One leg drawn back, as above, other knee up . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + 676. Knees drawn up, clasped . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + 677. Both legs stretched out in front. + + + + + + + + + + 678. Feet crossed (occasionally) + + + + + + + + + + 679. Squatting more frequent than sitting .... . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + 683. Sexual: girl scratches at first inter- course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 684. Hymen, no word obtainable *. . - + + + + + + 685. Foreskin habitually retractive, probably in certain individuals + 686. Foreskin habitually covering glans . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + BURDENS (Carrying Baskets under Basketry) 688. Pack strap: skin . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + 689. Woven. . . . . . . . . . . . + +i) 690. Spreading . . . . . . . .) ) 691. Across head . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 692. Across shoulder-chest . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 693. Pack string for bringing home wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + 694. Small net sack, often in hand (+) i) + + + + + + + 695. Trapezoidal . . . . . . . . . . . 696. Large back net ("hanmmock") . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + 697. Adjustable loop . . . . . . . . . + + + 698. Large back net sack . . . . . . . . . .) ) i) 699. Frames on back . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700. "Coolie yoke" . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 701. For hoops of fish . . 702. Rolled case of twined stems . . . . . .+ + + + + + + + + 703. Folded case of skin. . .. .. . . . 704. Whole cased skin "bag," deer . . . . . 705. Loads on head, willowbark or rag rings* + + + + + 706. Litter, for sick . . . . . . . . . . . .i) 707. For dead . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + BASKETRY 708. Coiling: clockwise (when looking into basket). .............. + + + + + + + + + d 709. Counterclockwise ... . . . . . _ _- CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XIX--HARRINGTON: CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST 21 Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em KI K2 Fe Gl G2 G3 710. To left of worker . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 711. To right of worker .... . . . + + + + + + + + 712. Awl enters inside of basket + + + + + + + + 713. Awl enters outside of basket . . _ _ _ _ _ _ 714. Foundation: bundle + + 9) + + + + 715. Single-rod. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 716. Multiple-rod . . . . . . . + + + + 9 9 9 717. Bottom: coiled .... . . . . . + + + + + + + + 718. Checker .-. - . _ _ _ _ _ 719. Solid piece of wood... Twining: clockwise (when looking into basket) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + 721. Counterclockwise . 722. To left of worker 723. To right of worker .... . . . + + + 724. Downward lean (\) of outer weft, basket upright .9.9.. . . . . 725. Upward lean (/) of same . . . . . 9 9 726. Weft: plain 2-strand . . . . . . + + + 727. Wrapped (1-weft around slat). . . . . . . . . . 728. Lattice (2-wefts and slat) 729. Diagonal .... . . . . . 730. 3-strand in courses only + + 731. Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732. Closework .... . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 733. Openwork .... . . . . . . . . + + 734. Cross warp .... . . . . . . _ 735. Bottom (starting knot) 4 warps (2 pairs) * ..... .. . . . . . + + 9 9 + + + + + + Checker or wicker . . . . . . . . . . . Cap: round top* .9.9.9.9. . . . . . . . i ) () + + + 9) 738. Flat top .9... . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + 739. Twine, plain or diagonal . ... 740. Coiled . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + 741. Decorated 9.9..... .. . . .. + + + 9 742. Woven on .+ + 743. Painted on.. Seed beater: oval with handle, simple twined ..... . . . . . . . . . + +? 745. Circular 746. Twined: "parallel' warp with hoop and handle ......... . + + + + + + 747. Spoke warp . . . . . . . 748. Wicker . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749. Stick with loop .... .. . + Winnowing and sifting basket: triangular + + 9 9 - - 751. Diagonally twined . . . 9 . . . . 752. Circular (coiled) . . . 9 + + + + + + + + 753. Oval ..... . . . . . .. . ._ 754. Plain twining + + _ - - 755. "Parallel" warp *.. ++ __ 756. Close . . . . . . . . . . ++ 757. Coiled (circular) . . . . . . . .(+++ + + + + ++ 758. Decorated . .+ + 9i + + + + + + + 759. Bone tapper when sifting .................... ;0. Leaching basket (if distinct): twined openwork ................... + + il.Gambling tray .................... .9i + + + + + _ 762. Coiled . .. . .9||()+|+ + + + - 22 ANTIROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vi V2 V3 V4 Em Kl K2 Fe Gl G2 C 763. Decorated . . . . . . . . . . . .) + + + + + _ 764. Boiling basket: coiled . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + 765. Twined . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 766. Decorated + 767. Water bottle (definitely necked): pitched + 768. Asphalted . . . . . . . . . . . . ) ) + + + + + 769. Flat bottom . . . . . . . . . . . (+) (+) () + + + + + 770. Pointed bottom . . . . . . . . . + 771. Rounded bottom* . . . . . . . . . + 772. Twined . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + 773. Diagonal . . . . . . . . . + 774. 3-strand in courses only . + + + + 775. Coiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776. Decorated . . . . . . . . . . . . 777. Basket hopper, twined . . . . . . . . . + 778. Coiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + 779. Decorated . . . . . . . . . . . . ) ) + + + + + + + 780. Nonutilitarian or fancy basket for dancing: bottleneck (2- or 3-course neck or no neck) . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + 781. Rounded shoulder . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + 782. Sharp shoulder . . . . 783. Feathers at shoulder . . . . . .(+) 784. With considerable neck . . . + + 785. Twined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . + +? 786. Coiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + 787. Woven decoration . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + 788. Attached decoration . . . ... . . + + + + (+) 789. Quail plumes . . . . . . . + + + + 790. Patterns in feathers (2 colors of feathers). . . _ _ 791. Shell beads + + + + 792. Haliotis pendants . . (.) i) 793. Carrying basket: true conical, pointed bottom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + _ _ _ _ _ 794. Curved conical, rounded bottom. + + + + + 795. Truncated cone, flat bottom . + + + + + 796. Bell-shaped (Pomo). . . . . . . .. 797. Twined . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + 798. Plain . . . . . . . . . . + + + 799. Open . . . . . . . . . . . + + 800. Made by women . (+) .) 801. Close . . . . . . . . . . + 802. Made by women . . . + 803. Coiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + 804. Decorated . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + 805. Bottom reinforced or coated 806. Fishing basket. 807. Tule basketry and bags: twined baskets' + i)? 808. Warp and weft 2-ply +(+)? 809. Quill overlay . . . . . . 810. Feather insertions . 811. Tule coiling . . . . . . . . . .) 812. Sacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . .) 813. Southern complex: coarse coiling (4-6 per inch) on Epicampes. .......+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 814. Mortar hopper ......+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 815. Flat basket (plate, tray, winnower) .(....F ) (+) + + + + + + + + + + + + + 816. Shallow basket ......+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XIX--HARRINGTON: CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST 23 Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vi V2 V3 V4 Em Kl K2 Fe Gi G2 G3 817. Large deep basket (storage, carrying). + + + + + 818. Small globular basket (trinkets). + + + + + + + + + + 819. Geometric designs . ... + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 820. Realistic designs (pre- Caucasian).+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 821. Twined in Juncus, etc.: rough openwork .... . . . ....+ + + + + + 822. Deep or globular shape . + + 823. Wash-basin shape + + + + 824. For straining + + + + 825. For sifting . . . . . . . 826. For leaching.- _ _.) (.) 827. For gathering _ _ (+) 828. Made by women (+) (+) (+) *lerophyllum complex ... . . . . . . . , Twined rackets for ball game .-. . . _ _ Basketry lids or handles (modern?) . . . L Large baskets used for ferrying . Rectangular (box) shapes .-... . . _ _ ,Banded woven ornament .-... . . . _ _ 3-color patterns (red and green of Jun- cus, black of dyed Juncus) . . + + +.++ Patterns painted on .... . . . . . . O.Qwnership marks .. . ... _ _ _ ... .Plants used: tule .... . . + .) _ _ _ 839. Leaf ... . .+ (+) 840. 'Root .. . . . . . .. - ) 841. Rush (Juncus sp. . . . . . . . . + + 842. Leaf . . . . . . . . . . . - 843. Stem .... . . () + + + + + + + 844. Grass (Epicampes rigens), stalk ) ) (+) (+) + + + + 845. Squaw grass (Xerophyllum tenax), leaf . . . . . . . . . . . . .______ 846. Slough grass (Carex barbarae) 847. Redbud (Cercis occidentalis). . . 849. Squawbush (Rhus trilobata), stem. _ + + + + 850. Willow (Salix sp.), stem + + + + + + + + 851. Root .... .. ..- _ _ _ - - 852. Sapwood .-.-. ...-. . . . 853. Bark for basketry . 854. Hazel (Corylus rostrata) ..... 855. Pine (Pinus sp.). . . . . . . . . 856. Pitch for waterproofing. + 857. Other conifers .. . . . . . . . WEAVING AND NETTING Rabbitskin blankets: coiled without foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859. Checker .... . . . . . . . . . 860. Twined .... . . . . . . . + + 861. Warp twisted with string + + + + + + 862. Wefts of string ..4... .+ + + + + + + + + ++ +++ - 863. Wefts of fur ................______ 864. Frame horizontal +................ + 865. Frame vertical ................_ 866. Perforated stick to twist skin.._ 867. Nade by women +................ + 24 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vi V2 V3 V4 Em KI K2 Fe G1 G2 868. Bird-skin blankets, double-stringed quill-wrapped warp and double- stringed weft . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 869. Mat of tule, twined, whole stems .+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 870. Tule skin . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 871. Sewn, whole stems pierced . . . .(i) i) + + + + + + 872. Checker . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873. Mats of ropes of mescal (?) fiber . . . 874. Nets: mesh spacer of elkhorn . . . . . . 875. Wooden mesh spacer . . . . . . .(+) 876. Net shuttle of wood (Yurok type). () 877. 2-piece net shuttle . . . . . . . CRADLES 878. Sitting cradles . . . . . . . . . . . . 879. Lying cradles: board . . . . . . . . . . 880. Y frame*...) + + + + + + + + + + 881. Kite frame 882. Y-kite frame . . . . . . . . . . 883. Hooked-ladder frame . . . . . . 884. Soft tule . . . . . . . . . . . .) 885. Basketry3 vertical or horizontal warps *. . . . . . . . . . . . 886. U ladder . . . . . . . . . . . .H- _ _ __+ 887. Oval ladder. 887.Ovalladdr .. . . . . . . . . ._______________ 888. U frame, vertical warp * . . . . . 889. Hood ..... . . . . . . . . . ... .) i) 890. Skin for hood . . . . . . . . . .(+) 891. Pendants . . . . . . . . . . . .) 892. Belt (lashing): skin strip . . . . . . . 893. Vegetable fiber . . . . . . . . . 894. Braided strands (no.) . . . . . .) 895. Woven (on frame). . . . . . . . . 896. Method of carrying: cradle strap across breast ... + + + 897. Cradle strap across forehead . . + + 898. Cradle held on hip . . . . . . . 899. Child held on lower back . . . . + + + 900. Child held on hip . . . . . . . . + + + 901. Child held under arm head forward + + + 902. Child in carrying net . . . . . . 903. Skin toe or covering . . . . . . . . . . 904. Cradles made by men . . . . . . . . . . + 905. Sex of child indicated by hood or belt design, or cradle shape . . . . . . . CORDAGE 906. Materials: Indian hemp (Apocynum). . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 907. Milkweed (Asclepias). . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 908. Iris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909. Reed (Phragaites) . . . . . . . . . . . 910. Nettle (Urtica), 2 species. . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 911. Human hair used . .... ) 912. 2-ply string ...... ........ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 913. 3-ply string .............. ...+ + + + 914. 4-ply string............. . | | |+ CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XIX--HARRINGTON: CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST 25 Cn Cs|An Mi In Bl-B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em K 2 Fe G1 G2 G3 Ir heavier rope, several strands of 2-ply . . . . . . . . . . . . .+ + + nufacture: rolled on thigh . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 917. Spinning stick with crosspiece. . 918. Spindle whorl . . . . . . . . . . 919. Made by both sexes . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + Braided rope, but learned from mission times *. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R Ropes of withes of grapevine, etc. (e.g., for bringing home wood) . . . + + (+) i) + + + + + Thumb guard of mussel for fiber drawing. POTTERY Coiled with paddle and cobble . . . . .)) Temper: none (already in clay) . . . . .+ Rim bound with fiber . . . . . . . . . . Firing in open bark fire . . . . . . . . Shape: spheroid (max. diam. 8 in. at E belly)+ Pot rests: of pottery . . . . . . . . . 929. Of stone . . . . . . . . . . . .+ + + + + + + + + + + 930. Three . . . . . . . . . .+ + + + + + + + + + GAMES Ball race, each side a ball, kicked in same direction . . . . . . . . . . 932. Field: definite . . . . . . . . . 933. Along a course and return (usually)* . . . . . . . + + + + + 934. Puck: wood ball (a little bigger than a baseball) . . . . . . . + + + + 935. Stuffed buckskin ball, stone, stick, hoop 936-8. Propulsion:with curved, straight, or looped stick 939. With bare feet $.+ + + + + 940. Goal: hole 941. Paired posts, at one end of field + 942. Single post for each side at same end of field . . + 943. Any set place . . . . . . + + 944. Speed wins . . . . . . . . . . . + + 945. Fewest number of strokes wins 946. Number on a side 1 or 2 . . . . . + + + + + 947. Betting . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + *+ 948. Two umpires . . . . . . . . . . . + + 949. Umpires on horseback sometimes. R Shinny: 1 puck, each side a different direction, on a definite field . . . + + + 951. Puck: wood ball . . . . . . . . . + + + + + 952. Elk astragalus or other bone .........._ 953. 2 sticks tied to ends of buckskin cord ....._ 26 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Cn Cs An Mi In Bl B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Kl K2 Fe Gl G2 954. Braided or knotted buck- skin cord, rope ring, stuffed buckskin ball. . 955. In hole at start of game . + + + + 956. Completely buried at start + + + + + + 957. Propulsion . . . . . . . . . . . 958. Curved stick . . . . . . . + + + 959. Straight or netted stick, basket racket, seed beater, feet . . . . . . 960. Goal: paired posts at each end. . () (+) + 961. Single posts at each end . + 962. Arch of branches . . . . . + 963. Running with ball in racket permitted . . . . . . . . . . . 964. Grappling permitted . . . . . . . + + + + + 965. No. on a side indefinite but equal sides . . . . . . . . . . + + + 966. Cannot remember whether sides are clans, moieties, villages, or districts . . . . . . . . . . . + 967. Hoop-and-pole game . . . . . . . . . . . + + + 968. Hoop: plain . . . . . . . . . . . + 969. Tule hoop . . . . . . . . 970. Sliding block, given as another way to play it. _ + 971. Ring stone sometimes . . . + 972. Pole: plain . . . . . . . . . . . + + 973. Two players on side . . . . . . . (+) (+) + + 974. Hoop female, pole male . . . . . + 975. Ring-and-pin or cup-and-ball . . . . . . + 976. With acorn cups . . . . . . . . . + 977. Guessing, hand, grass, or peon game . . + + 978. "Bones": bone . . . . . . . . . . + + 979. Hollow, cylindrical + + + 980. Shell* . . . . . . . . . . + + 981. String of entire Olivella . .+ 982. 1 of each pair wrapped . . + + + 983. Unwrapped guessed for . . + + 984. Called man and woman, or tep and wei . . . . . . 985. Finger loops . . . . . . . + + 986. Hiding under blanket . .. + + + + 987. Under mat . . . . . + 1,15, or 24 .+*+* 988. Counters: 12,15or2..... *++*++ 989. Referee holds at start . + + + + 990. Deposited in 2 piles as won . . . . . . . . . . + 991. All held by guessing side, transferred . . . . . . + + + 992. Four players on a side + + + + 993. Many-stick guessing game with "ace" . . _ _ _ _ 994. 4-stick game (2 long, 2 short, laid) . . _ _ _ _ 995. Hidden-ball game . . . . . . . . . . . . 996. Dice--"stick" type ..+ + 997. Wood, split sticks, 8 in. long, 3/4 in. side......... + 998. Bone. .............+ + 999. Played on blanket, hide, or mat . + + CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XIX--HARRINGTON: CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST 27 Cn Cs|An Mi|In B1 B2 V1 V2 V3 V4 Em|Kl K2 Fe G1 G2 G3 1000. Six dice . . . . . . . . . . . + 1001. Burnt for ornamentation . 1002. Painted, flat side white, round side black. + 1003. All white up or all black up scores . . . . . . . . . . . + 1004. Mixed white and black up does not score . . . . . . . . . . + 1005. All in neutral pile first . . . + Dice--disk type: half walnuts . . . . . + + + + 1007. Asphalt filled . . . . + + + + 1008. Shell inlay . . . . . . + + 1009. Eight dice . . . . . . . . . . + + 1010. Points for all up . . . . . . . + + 1011. Points for all down . . . . . . + + 1012. Played on basket . . . . . . . + + Foot-bone dice: cow (calf) . . . . . . + + + + + 1014. Pre-Caucasian . . . . . . . . . ) ) ) Games, toys: jacks with stones . . . . + + 1016. Acorn top (stick handle). . . . + 1017. Acorn buzzer (on string). . . . + + + + + 1018. Cat's cradle . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + 1019. Static figures . . . . + + + + + 1020. Played by women . . . + + + + + 1021. Juggling . . . . . . . . . . . 1022. Archery: stationary mark . . . + + 1023. Mark thrown (little tule bundle) . . . 1024. For distance. . . . . . (+) ) ++ + MONEY ,Dentalia . . . . . . . . . Olivella: whole shell as bead .+ + + + + + + 1027. Whole shell double strings . + + 1028. Shell disk money . . . . . . . + 1029. Shells squared . . . . . . . . 1030. String of human hair . . . . . , Clam shell: disk money.+ + (+) (+) + + +.+ 1032. Cheapest form of money . . . . Magnesite cylinders as treasure . . . . Shell cylinders as treasure .(+) i) + + +.+.+ Human-hair string.... . _ _ Loans at interest .. .+ '4-fathom string (Cah. witcat) . .+) , Methods of measure: around hand . . . .+ + + + + 1039. Breast nipple to end of opposite arm . . . . . . . . 1040. Sternum to end of arm . . . 1041. True fathom . . . . . . . . . . (+) PIPES , L-shaped: stone ....... ......... , Obtuse angled: stone + + + +(- 1044. Pottery.___ , Tubular: cane+ + + + + + + ++ ++++ 1046. Elder +i 28 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS |Cn Cs |An Mi|In B1 B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em|Kl K2 Fe .1Gl G2 1047. Stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . + +|(+) + + + + + + + + + 1048. Pottery . . . . . . . . . . . . 1049. Straight sides . . . . . . . . + + + + 1050. Concave sides . . . . . . . . . 1051. Convex sides . . . . . . . . . + + + + 1052. Wood pipe, mortised steatite bowl . . . . . . . . . . . . 1053. Disk bowl, stone . . . . . . . . . . . 1054. Mouthpiece of cane . . . . . . . . . . 1055. Mouthpiece of bone . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + 1056. Stone bowl, wood stem . . . . . . . . . 1057. Used by shamans to suck through . . . . TOBACCO 1058. Gathered wild . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1059. Planted . .... . . . . . . . . . 1060. Container: basket, pouch of fur . . . . 1061. Uses: bedtime smoking . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + 1062. Smoking by shamans . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1063. Eating with lime . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1064. As offering . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + 1065. Mixed for smoking . . . . . . . . . . . MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS 1066. Rattles: cocoon . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1067. Used by shaman . . . . + + 1068. Used in other dancing. + + + + 1069. Feathered, or attached to quills 1070. Attached to stick handle . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + 1071. Worn as garter or belt H () - - - 1072. Stick: I-split . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1073. 2 sticks tapped together . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + 1074. Notched rasp + _ _ _ _ _ 1075. Pottery . . . . . . . . . . . . 1076. Gourd . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1077. Turtle shell . . . . . . . . . ) ) + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1078. Deer hoof . . . . . . . . . . . )+ + + + + + + + + 1078a.Several hoofs . . . . + + + + + + 1079. In bunch . . . + + + + + + 1080. In line . . . 1081. Attached to short buck- skin covered stick . . . + + 1082. To accompany death songs. + + + + + + + 1083. Drums: basket scraped . . . . . . . . .i) 1084. Others . . . . . . . . . . . .- 1085. Bull-roarer. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1086. Amusement . . .. . .. . .. . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1087. When boys taught (initiated). .+ 1088. At fire dance . . . .+ 1089. Women forbidden to see . ...__ _ CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XIX--HARRINGTON: CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST 29 cn Cs An Mi In B1 B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Ki K2 Fe Gl G2 G3 1090. Private by shaman . . . . . . . 1091. Produces wind, rain, health, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . ._ sical bow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1093. With finger . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + 1094. With stick . . . . . . . . . . 1095. With arrow . . . . . . . . . . 1096. Modern, with peg . . . . . . . + + *+ + 1097. Also without peg . + + 1098. Hunting bow . . ... . . . . . . + + 1099. Separate instrument . . . . . . + + + + + + Whistles: bone . . . . . . . . . . . . + + (+) + + + + + + + + 1101. Single . . . . . . . . . . . + + 1102. Double . . . . . . . . . . . . 1103. Bird bone . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + 1104. Animal bone + 1105. Wood (cane or elder), mere tube, 1 end closed + + + 1106. Stop of gum or pitch. . _ _ _ _ _ 1107. Stop of asphalt . . . . + + + + + + + Flutes (without reed) . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + 1109. Four holes . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + 1110. Or six holes .........+ 1111. End blown . . .+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1112. Side blown . . . . . . . . . . 1113. Mouth blown . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + 1114. Flattened around hole. . . . . 1115. Of wood . . . . . . . . . . . + + 1116. Elder . . - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1117. Of cane . . . . . . . . . . . .) 1118. Of bone . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + i) Flageolet (with reed) . . . . . . . . . CALENDARS AND COUNTING Descriptive calendar . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + Seasonally named moon calendar . Numeral or finger-name calendar . . . . 2-solstice calendar . . . . . . . . . .+ Winter solstice observed in calendar. + + + + + + + + Summer solstice observed in calendar. + Stars as month markers . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + Numeral system: counting by sixteens. + + + + + 1128. Decimal. .+ + + + + + + + ASTRONOMY, ETC. Moons in year (no. . . . . . . . . . . ? ? ???? ? 2 ? *lo *Io Star or constellation names for: Orion (3 in row) . . . . . . . . . . + + 1131. Pleiades (bunch of little ones shaking) . . . . . . . . . . + + 1132. Maidens . . . . . . . .+ + + + + + + + + + + 1133. Polaris (star never moves). . + + + + + + + + Constellation (or star) named: hand or arm .(.............. ) 1135. Buzzard. ........... ____________i 1136. Gathering pole or crook . .............| |__|__------ 30 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Ki K2 Fe 1 G2l 1137. Coyote . . . . . . . . . . . .+ 1138. Mountain sheep . . . . . . . . 1139. Lazy star . . . . . . . . . . . 1140. Milky Way: ghosts' road . . . . . . . . 1141. Antelope's (deer's) road . . . 1142. Dust (ashes) road . . . . . . . 1143. Night's backbone . . + 1144. Road of the piTon gatherers 1145. Rainbow: good.(+) + 9 + 1146. Coyote's penis . . . . . . . . 1147. Falling stars: bad . . . . . . . . . . + + 1148. Indifferent . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + 1149. Indicate death . . . . . . . . + + + 1150. Comet bad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 1151. Ball lightning dangerous . . . . . . . + + + + 1152. Cannibal . . . . . . . . . . .+ + 1153. Thunder: male . . . . . . . . . . . . . ) ) + + + 1154. Bird or "dragon" . . . . . . . . 1155. Lightning from eye . . . . . . + + + + + MARRIAGE 1156. Negotiated marriage price . . . . . . . 1157. Presents (indeterminate amount for bride) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + 1158. Service for bride . . . . . . . . . . .(+) 1159. Exchange of presents . . . . . . . . . 1160. "Half-marriage" . . . . . . . . . . . . 1161. Polygamy optional . . . . . . . . . . . 1162. Usually chiefs only . . . . . . + + + + + + + 1163. Separate houses for wives . . .-) ) _ 1164. Informal polyandry* . . . . . . . . . .) 1165. Husband's younger brother . . . 1166. Wife shaving by male namesakes . . . . ) 1167. Sororate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(+) 1168. Simultaneous . . . . . . . . . 1169. Successive . . . . . . . . . . + + + 1170. Optional . . . . . . . . . . . + + + 1171. Sister of barren wife . . . . . (+) + 1172. Levirate* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1173. Optional . . . . . . . . . . .) 1174. Preferential or permitted marriage: man to wife's daughter* . . . . . . . . . 1175. Child betrothal, with exchange of presents (occasional) . . . . . . . . + + ( 1176. Rare . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1177. Exogamy: local village endogamy per- mitted if no kinship . . . . . . . . + + + + + 1178. Marriage to other tribes . . . + + + + + + 1179. Residence: first residence matrilocal . + + 1180. Wife's mother's house . + + + 1181. Final residence patrilocal . . + + + 1182. Husband's father's house + + + 1183. Final residence matrilocal 1184. Alternating, no definite rule . _ _ _ CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XIX--HARRINGTON: CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST 31 cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Kl K2 Fe Gl G2 G3 TERY, DIVORCE, REMARRIAGE, VARIOUS * Suspected wife tortured . . . . . . . . + iParamour killed + _ 1187. Must be paid for .Compensation for adultery .(+) (+) i) + 3 Fine for constructive adultery, or for seduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Unchaste girl killed . . . . . . . . . . Divorce for: infidelity . . . . . . . . + + 1192. Barrenness . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + 1193. Incompatibility . . . . . . . . + + 1194. Laziness . . . . . . . . . . . + (+) . Repayment on divorce . . . . . . . . . . Remarriage of divorcee . . . . + + + 1197. Her parents paid, husband paid. _ . Remarriage of widow (not levirate). . + + + + 1199. Her parents paid, husband's side paid. . . . Marriage feast for girl . . . . . . . .+ + + + + + + + 1201. Given by groom's side . . . . . + + + + 2. Prostitution: private, irregular . . + + + + + + + + + + 1203. Pay given . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + 1204. At initiation or rituals . . . + 1205. War captives . . . . . . . . .) KINSHIP USAGES Avoidances: mother-in-law son-in-law * ++(+) H H 1207. Not laugh . . . . . . . 1208. Mother-in-law daughter-in-law . H H ) 1209. Father-in-law son-in-law . . . H (-H 1210. Father-in-law daughter-in-law + + (+) H H 1211. Not laugh . . . . . . . 1212. Brother sister . . . . . . . . 1213. Joking relationship: with paternal blood kin--man with father's sister, woman with brother's son . . . . . . + 1214. With maternal kin--man with mother's brother and sister's son . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 1215. With in-laws--man with wife's brother and sister's husband. + + 216. Adoption (of non-kin) rare . . . - . 17. Address (habitual): personal name . . + + + + + + + 1218. Kinship term if relative . . + + + + + + + 1219. Teknonymy . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - SOCIAL STATUS 1220. Rank: social rating by wealth . . . . . 1221. Social rating by blood . . . .+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1222. Wealth incidental to [ ~~rank ........+ + + + + + + + + + ++++++ | E eeoiywt rpryavru . . . + + + + + + + + + + + ++++++ 124. Slavery: debt or prisoner ....... ___________ ^1225. Ostracism of bastards ......... -| - --l- 32 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Ki K2 Fe CG G2 BERDACHES 1226. Berdaches ostracized . . ..... . . + + 1227. Not in sweat house _ _ _ 1228. Not in dances .. . (.) (.) 1229. Not initiated + + + 1231. Berdaches live with men ... . . . . . + + + + + + + + + 1232. Berdache-making ritual ... . . . . . + + + + + + + 1233. Female berdaches .. ..() ..) (.) (. (.) 1235. Special functions at burial, mourning, shamanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1236. Accompanied women seed-gather- ing .... . . . . . ... + + + + SOCIOPOLITICAL ORGANIZATION 1237. "Tribes" are dialectic divisions only + + + + + + + + + 1238. Villages and village groups the unit ...+ + + + + + + 1239. Dialectically separate. + + + + + + + 1240. Centralized authority + 1241. Lineages or villages political unit or basis of same ..(+) (+) (+) 1242. Moieties: but names no longer obtainable + + + + + + + 1243. Wildcat-Coyote moieties . . . . (+) 1244. Possibly Bear-Deer moieties . . + + (+) 1245. Moiety names of totemic impli- cation . . . . . . . . . . . + 1246. Apparently southern Yokuts sys- tem with lack of moieties . . + + + + + + 1247. Clans (nonlocalized): patrilineal chief and family descent .... . . . . . + + + + + + + 1248. Totemic names, etc. * .. . . + 1249. Women carry clan names . 1250. Ritual functions of clans, or clan tales of war and migra- tion unobtainable ..... + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1251. Names of totemic reference, one uncertain one obtained . . . + 1252. Single totem, killed, eaten . . ) 1253. Exogamous, presumably . . . . . 1254. Patrilocal lineages ("clans"): only village chiefs remembered. + + + + + + + 1255. Fetish, house, territory, mi- gration tales not remembered. + + + + + + + 1256. Single totem: not remembered. + + + + + + 1257. Killed, eaten .(.2. . ) 1258. Exogamous, presumably . . . . . 1259. Lineage-owned names, names of totemic reference, ceremonies conducted by lineages not re- membered .... . . . . . . + + + + + + + 1260. Ceremonial parties not remembered . . . + + + + + + + 1261. Villages autonomous .... ..... . + + + + + + + 1262. Multiple-clan villages . . . (i) (i) ) (i) () ) () 1263. Nultiple-lineage villages . . . (+) (+)l (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)1 CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XIX--HARRINGTON: CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST 33 Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Kl K2 Fe Gl G2 G3 CBEFSS AND OFFICIALSI I II I .Hereditary chiefs: to son ... . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1265. Primogeniture probably most common + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1266. To brother. .. .. _ _ _ . . . _ 1267. To sister's son . . . . . . . . 1268. Female chiefs occur .+.. . . . + (+) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1269. Sister or daughter (not wife) .+ + (+) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1270. Called maniisar + + + + + 1271. Called woman-chief (+) + + + + + + 1272. Chiefs with individual titles .-)? 1273. Separate titles for chief's kin i) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1274. Separate title for chief's wife H- _? 1275. Same title for chief and his Fin 1276. Chief's son and especially daughter can be called chief, woman-chief . . . . . . . . . () + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1277. New chief requires community approval.+ + (+) + + + + + + + + + 1278. Wealth influence only . . . . . 1279. Chief was rich man . . + + + 1280. Multiple chiefs of about equal status ...(-) . _ . . 1281. Chiefs equated to birds H H _ _ ( _ _ _ 2.Chiefs for: tribe . ........-. . _ . 1283. Moiety i. . .) 1284. Village .+ + + + + + + + + + 1284a. Groups of villages . . . . . . + + + + 1285. Ceremonial party. _ _ _ _ _ ) Prerogatives and duties of chiefs: food furnished to . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + 1287. Fed visitors, impoverished, etc. + + + + + + + + 1288. Custodian of regalia of self and others .... . . . . . + + + + 1289. Owned eagles and aeries . . . . + + + + 1290. Eagle or hawk rearing. + + + + 1291. Provided property for ceremonies + + + + + + + 1292. Approval necessary for everyday ceremony. . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + Other officers: assistant chief for administration (other than paha). . . (-) _ _ _ - _ _ _ 1294. Kohota type festival chiefs . . 1295. Assistant cult chief (paha) for each "clan" or village . . . _ + + + + + t + 1296. Functions: announcer, treasurer, general assistant + + + + + + + + 1297. Divider of food (takwa) ... . ) H i) (+) 1297a.Functions: official for memorial ceremonies for the dead ... ) ) 1298. Rabbit-drive official . _ + + + + + 1299. Separate war chief . . . . . .) ) 1300. Orators ................... + + 1301. Orations from housetop $ ~~~by paha (...................i-) + + + + 1302. Moral lectures to children by "old men," chief, paha . .+ + + + + 34 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Kl K2 Fe Gi G2 1303. Is chief .... . . . + + 1304. Chief at times orated . . . + + 1305. Speaker for chief (e.g. Luiseno paha) . . . .(+) + + 1306. Herald or messenger: each chief has 2 messengers .... . (+)(+) + + + + + + + + + _ 1307. Messengers carry money, assist chief in put- ting on ceremonies, invite other villages (+) i) + + + + + + 4- + (+) + _ _ - 1308. Firetender at rituals ... . . + + + + + + + + 1309. Singer (hauinik): sings crea- tion song . . _ 1310. Manet official distinct from paha... i) (+) (+) i) 1311. Paha conducts manet ceremony together with manet official . (+) (+) (+) i) PROPERTY AND INHERITANCE 1312. Land tribal, everything in commonalty . _ _ _ _ _ 1313. Privately (household) owned: seeds, acorns, trees . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + 1314. Eagles or eagle nests. + + + 1315. Boundaries recognized by natural land- marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 1316. Inheritance of property by sons .. . + + + + + ? + 1317. Partly to daughters .+.. . . . + + + + WAR 1318. Wars to avenge witchcraft. + + 1319. Between villages only. + + 1320. For adventure .-... . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ 1321. Surprise attacks + + 1322. War-chief office .... . . . . . . . 1323. Chiefs make peace. + 1324. Scalps or heads taken ... . . . . . . + + BIRTH 1325. Special hut at childbirth . + + + + 1326. Mother sits at delivery + + 1327. Holds to cord from roof, or to stake. . + 1328. Midwife assists .... . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + 1329. Shaman assists .-... . . . _ _ - _ _ 1329a. In some births only ... . . + 1330. Goes outside somewhere for birth, bringing child home few hours later (occasionally) . . . . . . . . . . . + 1331. Baking in pit after birth .................... + + + + + + + 1332. Pit plant-lined .................... + + + + + + 1333. Delivery in pit .....................___ 1334. Childbirth drink for mother: warm wvater + 1335. Thin acorn mush .............. .+ + + CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XIX--HARRINGTON: CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST 35 Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Ki K2 Fe Gi G2 G3 Afterbirth buried .-... . . . . . . . _ + + + + Afterbirth burned .... . . . . . . . + 'Mother and child bathed.+ + + + + + Baby bathed in basket every morning . . + Baby manipulated to make it good featured, square shouldered, etc. . . + Father bathed .... . . . . .. . . . Mother steamed .... . ...... . + + + + + + + Navel cord: cut with carrizo ... . . + + + (+) 1344. Cut with flint .... . .. + 1345. Tied with string ..+ + + 1346. Detached in 4 days + 1347. Dries and falls off in 10 days. + 1348. Buried . .+ + + + i ) 1349. Burned .... . . . . . . . . Purification ceremony for mother (mere bathing) ..+ + Abortion by eating medicine + + + + ' Infanticide: twins.. _ _ _ 1362. Deformed .... . . . . . . . + + *+ Weaned ca. 2 years old .... . + + + + + + 1364. 1 year or less when another baby coming + + 1365. Parents' sex restrictions till weaning, for intercourse spoils milk .... . . . . . + + 1366. Intercourse begun but stopped when likely to "hurt" coming baby . . . . . . . . . . . . + + Restrictions on mother: for 1 month . . + + (+) 1368. Stays in pit several days . . . + 1369. First child only .... . . . 1370. Scratching stick .... . . . + + + + 1371. Cold water taboo .... . . . + + + + + + 1372. Meat taboo .... . . . . . . + + + + + + 1373. Fresh meat only taboo . _ _ _ 1374. Fish taboo .... . . . . . . + 1375. Grease taboo .... . . . . . + + + 1376. Salt taboo .... . . . . . . + + 1377. Lifting heavy objects taboo . . + 8. Restrictions on father: hunting, fish- ing taboo .... . . .. ... + + + + 1379. Does not hurt himself, takes care not to catch cold . . . + Twins: uncommon .... . ..... . . + + + 1381. Killed . . . . . . . . . . . . 1382. Special heaven for . _ 1383. One will be somewhat of a shaman . . . . . . . . . . . + 1384. One will die and the other al- ways soon after. + Ears pierced: soon after birth . . . + + + + + 1386. While mother still un- der diet .... . . + 1387. Considered better than $ ~~~~~~~when older + K 1388. Ca. 10 years *. ........ R R R + 9,Girls tattooed before puberty.+ + i t) + 1390. When adult.+ e 1391.-Some tattooed selves . .. + 36 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Cn Cs Mi In Bl B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 EmKl K2Fe GlG2 1392. Boys tattooed before puberty . . . . . + 1393. Some tattooed selves . + 1394. Milk teeth lost: thrown toward sun. . . + + 1395. Put in gopher's hole . + + 1396. Sometimes burned . . . . . . . + GIRIS' PUBERTY 1397. Meat taboo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+ 1398. Fresh meat only . . . . . . . . + + 1399. Fish taboo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 1400. Salt taboo . . . . . . . . . . . . . ) i) 1401. Grease taboo . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + 1402. Fat taboo . . . . . . . . . . . + + 1403. Cold water taboo . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + 1404. Girl confined in menstrual hut . . (+) (+) 1405. In house .+ + 1406. Duration of confinement 3-5 days . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1407. Wears basket, hopper, or skin on head when going outside . . . . . . . . . - 1408. Wears feather visor . . . . . . 1409. Scratching stick: wood . . . . . . . . i) 1410. Haliotis rim . . . . . . . . . ++ 1411. Duration of full restrictions: no fixed time . . . . . . . . . . + + + 1412. About a "week" . . . . . . . . + 1413. Supposed to observe every menstruation. + + 1414. Must never gaze at fire . . . . . . . . + 1415. Girl's hair cut . . . . . . . . . . . . 1416. Girl takes toloache. . 1417. Public recognition: Gabrielino*-Luiseho type girl-roasting ceremony . . + 1418. Certain girls only +. . . . . . + + 1419. Coincides (in time) with boys' initiation 1420. Dancing, outdoors (sic, cf. next) . + 1421. Singing, no dancing (sic, cf. last) . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1422. Deer-hoof rattle 1423. Three days in roasting-pit 1424. Trench at girl's rite. + 1425. Rite conducted by paha . . . . + MENSTRUAL CUSTOMS (MATURE WOMEN) 1426. Seclusion: anywhere in dwelling house, but not to be obtrusive . . . . . . . + 1427. Corner of dwelling house . . + + 1428. Scratching stick .... . . . .. .) 1429. Meat taboo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + 1430. Fresh meat only . . . . . . . . 1431. Grease . . + + + 1432. Fish. ............ + + 1433. Cold water taboo. .......... + + + + 1434. Salt taboo ..........(*.......... ) i~) 1435. Cooking for others taboo....... _| CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XIX--HARRINGTON: CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST 37 Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Ki K2 Fe Gl G2 G3 Duration of restrictions: during menstruation. ...........+ + 1437. Indefinite .+ +. . . . . Husband cannot hunt . . . . . . . . . . + + + + 1439. Cannot fish . . . . . . . . . .) + (+) ) BOYS' PUBERTY ! Old men had boys out in night, gave them pounded toloache root mixed with water . . . . . . . . . . . . .+ Toloache given to boys after which they danced . . . . . . . . . . . . .+ + * Vision quest: toloache taken (with society)* . . . . . . . . . . . .) ) Toloache initiation of LuiselIo type* + 1444. Sand-painting altar . . . . . . + 1445. Moral discourses. . . . . . . . + 1446. HorLoi ("war dance"): initiates en masse. . . . . . . . . . . + DEATH , Corpse kept in house overnight . . . .+ + + + + + + Taken out of house before death . . . . . Corpse taken immediately out of house . _ _ _ _ _ . Buried same day as death. . . . . . . . + . Corpse left in house until interment. . _ _ _ _ _ . Corpse washed . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - . Buried as died, clean or dirty, naked or clothed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corpse painted . . . . . . . . . . . . H . Corpse passed through wall . . . . . . ,Interment of dead . . . . . . . . . . . + ++ 1457. Flexed. . + 1458. Extended, wrapped in tule mat or blanket . . . . . . . . . + + + + 1459. Grave planks . . . . . . . . . + + + + 1460. Grave masts . . . . . . . . . . + + + + 1461. Cemeteries outside town, but near . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + 1462. Cemeteries within town . 1463. Sand in grave . . . . . . . . . 1464. String from grave . . . . . . . Cremation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ++ 1466. Sometimes, if had not-wherewith to burn, buried . . . . . . . + . Destruction of property (at funeral). + + + 1468. Even pulled up crops, burned house, moved away . . . + . Undertaker: 1 man or woman who carries corpse on back to grave followed by mourners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + 1470. Purification by washing . . . + + + . M4ourners: widow's hair cropped . . . .+ + + + + + + 1472. Burned. ........... + + 1473. Head pitched . . - 1474. Face pitched .........+ (i) + 38 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Kl K2 Fe Gi G2 1475. Asphalted . . . . . . . + 1476. Widow confined 1 year. + 1477. No meat, salt, or grease for a year . . . . . . . . . . .+ 1478. Family (close kin) cut hair . 1479. Scratch faces, bodies . . . . . 1480. Taboo on name of dead . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + 1481. Indefinitely (permanent). + + + + + + + 1482. Till formally regiven .+ + + + + + 1483. Alter kin terms after death + + + + + + + MOURNING CEREMONY 1486. Annually, for all year's dead . . . . . 1487. Every 2 or 3 years, barely remembered .+ + + + 1488. For prominent men only . . . . . . . .+ + + + 1489. For warriors only . . . . . . . . . . . 1490. Late suimmer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1491. At any season . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1492. Held under ramada . . . . . . . . . . .+ + + + 1493. Song cycles used in mourning . . . . . 1494. S. Calif. type ceremony with: retreat of clan-priest 1495. Bundle opened . . . . . . . . . 1496. Shaman sanctions performance. . 1497. Invited clans paid ceremonially 1498. Covering tracks of dead . . . . 1499. Clothes-washing . . . . . . . . 1500. Clothes-burning . . . . . . . . 1501. Eagle sacrifice . . 1502. For dead clan leader. 1503. For eagle itself . . 1504. Eagle given by opposite moiety . . . . . . . 1505. Feathers for images 1506. Feathers kept in bundle 1507. Feathers for regalia. . 1508. HorLoi type dance . . . . . . . 1509. For general good luck on ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ only ........ 1510. Fire dance, fire stamped out. 1511. Tatahuila dance . + + + + + 1512. Images made . . . . . . . . . . 1513. Image carrier shot at . . . . . 1514. Images burned with offerings . 1515. Special ceremony for toloache initiates . . . . . . . . . .+ + 1516. Regalia buried in sand painting . . . . . . 1517. Hut or poles for offerings . . . . . . 1518. Pole mourning ceremonies, offerings at foot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1519. "Pota" type ceremony, with images and enemy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1520. Eagle feathers abode for souls during ceremony............ .. ... ... 1521. Mock battle............. . .. .. .. 1522. Professional (paid) mourners ... ....... 1523. Owl feather ropes or bands drapedl l l__|__|_ _i around house ....... ... .. . .. . . SHAMANISM Sbamans: men only . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + ++ 1526. Mostly men . . . . . . . . . . + + 1527. Sometimes women . . . . . . . + + 1528. Sucked . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + 1529. Sang* . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + 1530. Used herbs* .+ + + + + + + + + 1531. Dreamed . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 1532. Do not cure . . . . . . 1533. Special class of "dreamers" (clairvoyant) . . . . . . . . 1534. Rattlesnake shamans . . . . . . + + + 1535. Handle rattlers . . . + 1536. Power from sun . 1537. Weather shamans . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1538. Make rain commence and stop . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1539. Cure also . . . . . . . ) 1540. Grizzly bear shamans: transform selves into bear . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1541. By wearing bear skin. . _ _ 1542. By actually becoming bears . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + 1543. Cure also . . . . . . . 1544. Power of rapid travel + + + + + + 1545. Only such power as real bear has .+ + 1546. Walk slow like a bear + 1547. Invulnerable . . . . . 1548. Return to life . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1549. Doctors poison; no special class of poisoners . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + 1550. Secret poisons . . . .+ + + + + + + + + + + Source of power: prenatal dreaming . . 1552. Dreams from childhood + + 1553. Guardian spirit . . . . + + 1554. Vision quest ca. puberty . . + + 1555. Vision obtained from toloache . + + + 1556. Novices trained by older shamans . . . . . . . . . . . + + + 1557. Bathing for power . . . . . . . 1558. Public "doctor-making" dance . 1559. Power from "pains" . ..... 1560. Power from guardian spirit . + + + + + + + + + + 1561. Sleight-of-hand, wand swallow- ing . . . . . . . . . . . . .i 1562. Fire handling + Functions of shaman: curing . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + 1564. Foretelling future (clair- voyance) . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + 1565. Finding lost objects (clairvoyance). ...... + + + 1566. Protecting people against > snakes or sickness .- .- tE-1567. Removes contamination. .... + + _ _ 40 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vi V2 V3 V4 Em Kl K2 Fe 0l G2 1568. Goes to war. . . 1569. Conducts rituals . . . . . . . + + + + + + 1570. Public competitions - . . . . 1571. Sanctions ceremonies 1572. Brings game . . . . . . . . . . + + + 1573. Shamans' society . . . . . . . 1574. Divination by their "power" . . + + 1575. Methods and equipment: disease object sucked out . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + 1576. Through pipe . . 1577. Always exhibited by shaman. . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + 1578. Spirit tells location of object 1579. Diagnosing by singing or dancing .... . . . . . . . + + 1580. Sing and dance not to diagnose but as part of the "hechiceria" . + + 1581. Brushes away disease, presses ashes on patient . . . . . . 1582. Rub ashes on paining part . . . . . . . .+ 1583. Sprays water with mouth . . . . 1584. Uses quartz crystal . . . . . . + 1585. Uses portable mortar . . . . . 1586. Uses charmstone or fetish sacks (outfit5 . . . . . . . 1587. Feather kaku fetish (described by Pit River data) . . . . . 1588. Round cross charm . . . . . . . 1589. Pyre used . . . . . . . . . . . 1590. Recovery of lost soul . . . . . 1591. Sucking doctor drinks through bark tube. 1592. Elat (Luis.) board with snake rattles worn on head . . (+) 1593. Liability of shaman declining case 1594. Unsuccessful shaman killed* . . . . . . + 1595. Brush dance for curing . . . . . . . . 1596. Sweating for minor curing . . . . . . . 1597. Blood-letting without sweating . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + 1598. Black magic by shamans. . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + 1599. "Shooting"t poisonous object into victim . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1600. Shaman's assistant. . . . . . . . . . ._ 1601. Fee returned if unsuccessful . . . . . + *+ 1602. Possessional shamanism .... . . . . + + + + PRIESTS 1603. Source of power: hereditary . . . . . . 1604. Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . 1605. Trained by older priests . . 1606. Functions: conduct rituals . . . . . . 1607. Guard sacred objects: "clan" fetish-bundle . . . . . . .- 1608. Sacred sweat house...... CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XIX--HA.RRINGTON: CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST 41 Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Kl K2 Fe Gl G2 G3 F CHUNGICHNSH CULT RELIGIONI I II I * Chungichnish supreme deity . . . . . . + + + + , Raven messenger of Chungichnish . . . + + + + i Golden Eagle chief deity . . . . . . . + + + + + + + ,Wankic religion . . . . . . . . . . .+ + + + + + + + + + , Raven "temple": elliptical brush or tule mat enclosure (for ceremonies of initiates) . . . . . . . . . . . .+ + + + + + , Ritual grunting expiration . . . . . . + + + + ,Four sacred mountains . . . . . . . . . , Milky Way is spirit . . . . . . . . . .() , Double cult name . . . . . . . . . . .(+) Meteor cannibal spirit . . . . . . . . + + + Clowning at ceremonies by paha . . . . + + + + Bull-roarer for assembly . . . . . . . + + + + MISCELLANEOUS RELIGIOUS TRAITS Prayers and offerings: prayers to sun, moon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + 1622. Prayers to Raven, Crow . . . ) 1623. Prayers to guardian spirit + + + 1624. Prayers to Coyote .() - _ 1625. Prayers to 6 gods +.+ 1626. Prayers to holy places, mountains ... ...... . + + + + + + 1627. Offerings of eagle down, of feather wands .-... . . . . 1628. Offerings of meal or seeds + + 1629. Of seeds in fire. . + + 1630. Offerings of tobacco ... . + + + + + + + + + 1631. Offerings of arrows + + + 1632. Offerings of tule pollen . . . 1633. Offerings of shell beads . . . + + + + + + + 1634. Trail offering-places . . + + + + + + + + + + + + -5. Ghosts: visible . .+ + + + + + 1636. Audible i. . . .) (+) (?) (+) tj 1637. Soul . . . . ....... .... ....... . + + 1638. Leaves grave 3 days after death + + + 1639. Leaves grave 1 year after death, in mis- sion times ... . . + + 1640. Ghost in whirlwind _ _ _ _ _ _ 1641. Spirit (not ghost) in whirlwind + + 1642. Whirlwind's own spirit. + + + + + + 1643. Snake in whirlwind . _ _ _ _ _ 1644. Water thrown at whirlwind . . . - _ _ _ ) 1645. Salt thrown at whirlwind (Christian?) . . . . . . . .+ .Destiny of soul: to ocean . ...... 1647. Above, skyland; below, under- world* 1648. Across ocean ................... + + + + + + + + + + ++++ 1649. Some dead stay all about us . + b.Dream of the dead: ill omen. ..... + + + + + + + ++ 1651. Root "smoked" (?), ; ~~~~angelica chewed, of- r ~~~~ferings made to pre- so ~~~~vent ........___________ 42 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Kl K2 Fe G l 1652. Can give power . . . . . . . . 1653. Cosmology and directions: S, head, N, feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1654. 4 cardinal directions.(. ) () + 1655. 6 cardinal directions + . 1656. 4-color direction symbolism 1657. Deer of various colors mentioned in ceremony + 1658. Waterflow instead of direction terms . . . . . . . . ... . 1659. Sun male . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + +. 1660. Moon male . . . . . . (+) (+) (+) + + + + + + + 1661. TMan," tree, frog in moon . . . . . .. 1662. Sallow spots of Weweyo'ot's sickness . . . . . . . . . . . 1663. Not known what the spots are. . _ _ _ _ 1664. New-moon observances: racing . . 1665. Praying (health, luck, etc.). + + + + + + + 1666. Shouting . . . . . . . . . . . 1667. Position of horns significant: horizontal good for rain . + + + + + + + + 1668. Near vertical means empty, not good sign for rain . . . . . . + + 1669. Pre-Caucasian . . . . . ( H H 1670. Children spanked . . . . . . . 1671. Moon dance . . . . . . . . . . 1672. Eclipse of moon: shouting . . .+ + + + 1673. Turning vessels over, dogs beaten . . . . . . . . . . . 1674. Grizzly eats moon . . . . . . . + + 1675. Birds, raccoon eat moon . . . . 1676. Sun eclipse known, pre- Caucasian . . . . . . . . . . + + (+) (+) (+) 1677. Bad for pregnant woman to see: child will be deformed . . . + 1678. Omens: twitching of back muscles, meaning not known + + 1679. Twitching of leg muscles, means one will go somewhere . . . + + + + + 1680. Owl calls bad . . . . . . . . . 1681. If near house announce death . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + 1682. Snakes bring luck, never heard. + + + 1683. Mouth twitching means something will happen to one + 1684. Lion crying near house announces death or murder . . . . . . . + 1685. Coyote "hollering" near house announces death . . . . . . .+ + + + + + + + 1686. Fox "hollering" near house announces death . . . . . . . + + + + + + 1687. Any bird entering house an- nounces death or bad luck . + + + + 1688. Bird entering house bad, should be killed + + 1689. Any bird "wallowing" on ground in front of where one is go- ing means bad luck or that one should turn back . . . .+ + CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XIX--HARRINGTON: CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST 43 Cn Cs An Mi In Bi B2 Vl V2 V3 V4 Em Kl K2 Fe Gl G2 G3 1690. Bird hovering in one's path bad + + 1691. Dog howling near house bad + + Various Items Bad to point at rainbow . . . . . . . . Special ancient dog names distinct from human personal names . . . . . . . . + + + + + i) 1694. Dogs named with hereditary dog >; ~~names . . . . . . . . . . . . + E Dogs talked to . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + W,ells . . ...............________________ * Very slight speech differences for sex. + + * Swimming: classic (breast stroke), dog fashion... + + + 1699. On back (frog) . . . . . . . . + 1700. Crawl . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mole's front feet bitten for toothache., Males micturate squatting . . . Toilet: various soft plants for wiping selelf ..... + + + + + + + * Slain bear switched on belly for luck . _ 5School for boys . . . Animals changed to men . . . . . . . . + + + + + + ETHNOGRAPHIC NOTES ON THE ELEMENT LIST REFERENCES CITED than large dome-shaped "jacal," in spite of Abbreviations: historical sources. 227. Beds made of crotched willow posts AMNH-B American Museum of Natural History, cross poles, possibly dating from mission ti Bulletin. only. BAE-B Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin. 228. Mat bedding, whether on scaffold "cua UC-PAAE University of California Publications 28 Ma bedd in American Archaeology and Ethnology. or on ground. wa 232. Cs: For woman and baby after childbir Barrett, S. A. 233. Houses more commonly in single crude 1908. Pomo Indian Basketry. UC-PAAE 7:134-308. than in double row with street between. Beals Ralph L. 238. Cs: Like windbreak; boughs piled and 1933. Ethnology of the Nisenan. UC-PAAE leaned together; for fiestas. 31:335-414. 240. Not remembered which direction entran Dixon, R. B. fcd The Northern Maidu. AMNH-B 17:119-346. faced. Gifford, E. W. 248. No details remembered. 1932. The Northfork Mono. UC-PAAE 31:15.-66. 254. No details remembered. [Handbook. See Kroeber.] 259. 16-26 ft. long, sometimes wing boards Kroeber, A. L. sides, little skeleton, depending on keel (?) 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. strength; 1 to 8 passengers; for ocean. BAE-B 78. Cited as Handbook. Steward, J. H. 1933. Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute. GRINDING UTENSILS; HOUSEHOLD IMPLET4ENTS; WEAP UC-PAAE 33:233-350. 287. Cs: Can be sunk, but not necessarily. 329. Costano, in Mexican times. 430. See Steward, 251. HUNTING; FISHING 431. Archaeological specimens more dependab than informants' statements. 22. Cn, Cs: Heavy board, one end propped, for 446. But possibly heard of this through i mice; or twig cage, one end propped, for quail. grant Indians in mission times. 25. No details remembered. 26, 27. Not remembered. 38. No details remembered. The dip net may BODY ADORNMENT--HABITUAL have been mounted on semicircular or circular hoop. 488-540. Wherever description of the elemen 46. Harpoon described by Luisa Ignacio (Bl) is followed by "m, f," the entry + means that as "like an arrow." item applies to both males and females, except may be otherwise stated in these notes. 488. Some women had it to knee. FOOD GATBERING, PREPARATION, STORAGE 499. Cs: Women only. 503. In, Kl: Men only. 124. Kl: Occurs, but scarce. 504. The hair pencils of the Buena Vista 162. Spanish bayonet is Yucca, the species burials must be Mohave. presumably whipplei. Entries for element 126 506. Vi, V3: Women in mission times. Cs: give it as not used. The "cabbage cooking" is Alleged for men. typical of SW Agave treatment. (Ed.) 507. Cn, Cs: Women only. 170. Cs: "Like little square house." 512-513. Cn, Cs: Sex not specified. 174. See Handbook, pl. 54. 516. There was evidently quite a little tat tooing throughout the region. Cn, Cs: Sex not specified. HOUSES; NAVIGATION 517. Details and sex not remembered. 525. Men thought to have worn necklaces, to 178. No details obtainable. 525-527. An, Mi: Sex not specified. 180-181. Small sweat house often built onto 535. Indian hemp not 6pecified for Costano an earth bank. Both kinds said to be for sweat- 544. Red ocher remembered as ritual paint ing only, details hazy. only, aside from Costano. 216. Cs: Thatch also of grass. 546. B1: Heard of a boy who daubed his but- 221. Communal house claimed to be nothing more tocks white. [44] CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XIX--HARRINGTON: CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST 45 BDY ADORNMENT--RITUAL AND FESTIVAL MARRIAGE, ETC. See everyday dress (536) for elderwood 1164. Details forgotten. carrizo ear tubes, not regarded as re- 1172. Denied or forgotten. No regalia ear sticks or tubes remem- 1174. Pre-Caucasian customs forgotten. 1177. But not sure of pre-Caucasian custom. Heard mentioned, never seen by inform- 1203. At least in mission times. No specimens preserved. Possibly the ts remembered San Fernando style. KINSHIP USAGES; BERDACHES 608. But confused with hairpins. 1206. Details not remembered. 1232. Forgotten. CLOTHING; POSTURES , Technique under Basketry. SOCIOPOLITICAL ORGANIZATION Mentioned in a historical source. Details not remembered, probably un- 1240. Possibly there were allied village groups under a "big chief." Cs: Men only specified. 1244. Indications in a fragment of myth of , Not specified for Costano whether feet bear and deer moieties for Costano. 1245, 1248. Name of white goose remembered as To break a maidenhead is rendered "to lineage or individual pet, implying Yokuts-like g girl." system. BURDENS; BASKETRY; WEAVING, NETTING; CHIEFS AND OFFICIALS; PROPERTY AND INHERITANCE CRADLES; CORDAGE 1284. Clan and lineage identified with village -Of Juncus or tule, "Indian trunk." Not chief. ized as clan fetish container. 1284a.Called "big chief." * Also used by Mexican women at the mis- 1313. For example, an old woman would own a certain oak. , See Barrett, pl. 15. See Handbook, pls. 53, 73. . See Handbook, pl. 29. BIRTH 755. See Handbook, pl. 50e. , See Handbook, pl. 55e. 1338. Warm water specified for Cs. See Handbook, pl. 44. 1362. In, G3: Occasionally. 881. See Handbook, pl. 40m. 1388. In mission times. See Handbook, pl. 40o. , See Handbook, pl. 39f. See Handbook, pls. 39, 40, 40k. GIRIS' PUBERTY; BOYS' PUBERTY See Handbook, pl. 39b. : See Beals, 411. * 1417. Practiced at San Fernando and sporadi- No details remembered. cally in adjacent parts of Ventura County. ,See Gifford, 28. 1418. In mission times. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; PIPES; ASTRONOMY DEATH; MOURNING CEREMONY Costano courses often many miles. 1442. Details forgotten. Turn toes in a little so they go squarely 1443. Remembered to have existed. -the ball. 1456, 1465. Coast Gabrielino both buried and , Vl: Betting sometimes. There is no burned the dead as far south as mouth of Santa ce in the area whether or not the sides Ana River. ted moieties or "clans."t 1458. In mission times. Aboriginal body posi- An: Three Olivella shells strung together. tion and orientation not remembered. as: 24. An: 12. Vl, Kl: 15. KBut two on a side can play; and Cs speci- ,not four. SHAMA.NISM P resumably on stone (or cane ?) pipe. AnX, Vi: But replacing older usage. 1528-1530. But not known to be a special class. | l, G2, G3: Questionable entries. 1593. Nothing remembered. 46 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS 1594. Among groups for which minus entered, MISCELLANEOUS RELIGIOUS TRAITS; VARIOUS I nothing is remembered. 1601. Cn, Cs: Shaman paid or given presents 1647. Some chiefs become stars. either before or after curing or even if unsuc- 1706. No examples remembered. cessful or has refused case. CHUNGICHNISH CULT RELIGION 1612. Evidently penetrated from south into Chumash area.