KROEBE R ANTH ROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY PAPERS Numbers 63 and 64, 1984 Opportunity, Constraint, and Change: Essays in Honor of Elizabeth Colson Edited by Jack Glazier Michael Lowy Kathryn T. Molohon John U. Ogbu Anya Peterson Royce / KROEBER ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY PAPERS Numbers 63 and 64, 1984 Opportunity, Constraint, and Change: Essays in Honor of Elizabeth Colson Edited by Jack Glazier Michael Lowy Kathryn T. Molohon John U. Ogbu Anya Peterson Royce The Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers Numbers 63 and 64, 1984 Editor-in-Chief and Compositor: Scott Morgan Guest Editor: Grace Buzaljko Editors: Joseph Alter, Kamala Visweswaran, and Marcy Williams Officers of KAS: Joseph Alter, Scott Morgan, Bruce Pohlman, and Marcy Williams Special thanks to UNIX consultants John Kephart, Roger Rosenblum, Jenny Shaffer and Tamara Sturak. Photographs on page ix by Penelope Hartland-Thunberg, Judith Justice, and Scott Morgan. Cover illustration by Nicole Constable from a photograph in The Material Culture of the Peoples of the Gwembe Valley, by Barrie Reynolds (1968), with permission from the publisher, Man- chester University Press, Manchester, England. Printed by GRT Printing, Oakland, Calif. Membership: The Papers are published annually. Subscription is by membership in the Kroeber Anthropo- logical Society. Annual dues for student members are $12.00, for non-students $15.00, and for institutions $18.00. Send requests for membership to the Secretary of the Society at the address below. Information for Authors: The Kroeber Anthropological Society publishes articles in the general field of anthropology. In addition to articles of theoretical interest, the Papers will welcome descriptive studies putting factual information on record, work of original theoretical bent as well as historical documents of anthropological interest. The Society welcomes student research papers of high quality. Guidelines for Submission of Papers: (1) Paper excluding references should not exceed 30 typewritten, double-spaced pages. (2) The original plus one copy of the manuscript should by submitted. (3) Tables and illustrations must by photo-ready black-on-white drawings or glossy prints. All figures must be numbered consecutively and captioned. (4) Bibliography/endnote format follows American Anthropologist. (5) A half-page abstract or summary of the paper is preferable. Papers not meeting the first two criteria will not be considered for publication. Authors will receive one copy of the journal without cost. Manuscripts should be sent to: Editors Kroeber Anthropological Society Department of Anthropology University of California Berkeley, Ca. 94720 CONTENTS Preface. v Acknowledgments .vii List of Contributors .viii Photographs .ix PAR T ONE: DEDICA TOR Y LETTERS .1 PART TWO: CHARACTER AND CHANGE AN APPRECIATION OF ELIZABETH COLSON: HER EARLY INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT Penelope Hartland-Thunberg .21 SCHOLARS AND CONTROVERSY: ELIZABETH COLSON'S WORK AGAINST SEX DISCRIMINATION IN ACADEMIA June Starr .27 PAR T THREE: CHANGING ROLES OF MEN AND WOMEN MEN, WOMEN, AND WORK IN A LOMBOK VILLAGE Mary Judd .33 THE ZAMBEZI GOBA IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: NEW MALE-DOMINANT INSTITUTIONS AND THE DECLINING STATUS OF RURAL WOMEN Chet S. Lancaster .46 PAR T FOUR: PROBLEMS OF MODERNIZA TION ISLAM, POWER AND CHANGE: VARIATION IN NORTH AFRICAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS M. Elaine Combs-Schilling 59 ECONOMIC INEQUALITY AND LAND TENURE CHANGE IN MBEERE, KENYA Jack Glazier .76 TREATING THE JAPANESE ELDERLY: THE MASKING OF A SOCIAL PROBLEM Margaret Lock .................................................................... 84 RESPONSES TO TELEVISION IN TWO SWAMPY CREEK CREE COMMUNITIES ON THE WEST COAST OF JAMES BAY Kathryn T. Molohon ................................................................... 95 INVESTMENT IN HUMAN CAPITAL: EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN STOCKTON, CALIFORNIA, AND GWEMBE, ZAMBIA John U. Ogbu .................................................................... 104 PAR T FI VE: CUL TURE AND BEHA VIOR DEMOCRACY AT WORK IN THE SWEDISH BUREAUCRACY Morris A. Fred .................................................................... 117 EXCHANGE, POWER, AND COMPLIANCE: A SCOTTISH AND AMERICAN COMPARISON IN TWO INSTITUTIONS FOR THE AGED Jeanie Schmit Kayser-Jones ............................................................. 126 ART, THE MUNDANE, AND THE ART OF THE MUNDANE Anya Peterson Royce ................................................................... 135 PAR T SIX BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ELIZABETH FLORENCE COLSON Dorothy A. Koenig and Lenore D. Ralston ................ 153 PREFACE In 1975 a group of Professor Elizabeth Colson's former students met in San Francisco, California, to plan a tribute to our great and beloved teacher when she retired in 1984. One of the two things we wanted to do was to establish a fund in Elizabeth's name that would enable people from Africa, Asia, and other parts of the Third World to study anthropology and to do their fieldwork on mainstream Western cultures. We believed that anthropology as a whole and anthropology in the Third World would benefit greatly from the study of Western cultures by non-Western anthropologists. Although we have not succeeded in this endeavor, our idea lives on in honor of our mentor. We also wanted to honor Elizabeth with a festschrift. The volume would include original essays as well as dedicatory letters from colleagues, friends, and students. The dedicatory letters would give many more people a chance to participate. Aware of the wide range of Elizabeth's geographical and substantive interests in anthropology, and aware that she has nur- tured many students whose interests are equally varied and that she has a diverse circle of friends, colleagues, and former colleagues, we did not limit the scope of the essays or the letters. Elizabeth Colson's accomplishments as a teacher and professional anthropologist have been far-reaching, inspiring students and colleagues alike over the course of her distinguished career. The essays and letters in this volume reflect the considerable breadth of anthropological concern that she has stimulated. In their diversity they are a fitting tribute to a valued teacher and colleague. It is, therefore, in recognition of the intellectual inspiration that she has pro- vided and with great esteem and affection that Elizabeth's students, colleagues, and friends present this volume to her on the occasion of her retirement. In the first part of this five-part volume are the dedicatory letters. We regret that because of time constraints we could not get more writers from beyond North America. Even so, these letters reflect the diversity and depth of Colson's influence and the writers' appreciation of her as a person and as an anthropologist. The remainder of the volume consists of the essays. Part One, "Character and Change," is made up of two papers by Hartland-Thunberg and Starr. They deal with Colson's academic background, including her early development and experience as a woman in Academia, as well as her ideas and efforts to improve women's academic status. The theme of Part Two, "Chang- ing Roles of Men and Women," consisting of essays by Judd and Lancaster, continues the issue of changes in women's status but outside of Academia. Part Three, "Problems of Modernization," includes essays by Combs-Schilling, Glazier, Lock, Molohon, and Ogbu. These essays focus on forces of social change and responses to social change in Africa, Japan, and North America, in rural as well as in industrialized urban societies. The last three essays, by Fred, Kayser-Jones, and Royce, deal with the problems of several modern organizations- bureaucracies, institutions for the aged, and the theater. The papers in this group have been subsumed under the heading of Part Four, "Culture and Behavior." As we mentioned earlier, we did not set out to organize the essays around any particular themes, but we are pleased that themes have emerged around which we could organize them, themes which reflect the varied concerns of Colson and her students. The editors sincerely appreciate the enthusiasm, cooperation, and patience of the contri- butors to the volume in the face of publication delays. We are also grateful to many who have contributed generously in time, advice, and financial and other resources to make this v publication possible. We would like to express our special appreciation to the following: the Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, for support and generously allowing the help of Grace Buzaljko, Editor, and M. J. Tyler, Management Services Officer of the department; Joseph Alter, Scott Morgan, Bruce Pohlman, and other members of the Kroeber Anthropological Society; Dr. Penelope Hartland-Thunberg for her continuous support, and, along with Judith Justice, Lenore Ralston, and Scott Morgan for making the photos in this volume available; and the office of Dean David Love of Oberlin College for assistance in assembling the manuscripts for the volume. Jack Glazier Michael Lowy Kathryn T. Molohon John U. Ogbu Anya Peterson Royce vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people have been involved in this publication. The editors would like to acknowledge the contributions of: Burton Benedict H.D. Colson Nicole Constable Mary LeCron Foster Lucille Horn Glynn Isaac Robert Van Kemper Jane Lancaster Laura Nader Ada Ogbu Lita Osmundsen Kamala Visweswaran Sherwood Washburn Marcy Williams vii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS M. Elaine Combs-Schilling is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Anthropology at Columbia University. Morris A. Fred is Program Director at the Stockholm Jewish Center, Sweden. Jack Glazier is an Associate Professor in the Department of Anthropology and Sociology at Oberlin College. Penelope Hartland-Thunberg is a Senior Fellow in Economics at the Center for Strategic and International Studies at Georgetown University. Mary Judd is a Research Fellow at the University of California at Berkeley and a Fulbright Scholar during 1984-85. Jeanie Schmit Kayser-Jones is an Associate Professor in the Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, and in the Medical Anthropology Program, Department of Epi- demiology and International Health, School of Medicine, University of California at San Fran- cisco. Dorothy A. Koenig is the Librarian in the Anthropology Library, University of California at Berkeley. Chet S. Lancaster is an Associate Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Oklahoma. Margaret Lock is an Associate Professor jointly in the Department of Anthropology and the Department of Humanities and Social Studies in Medicine, McGill University. Kathryn T. Molohon is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Laurentian University. John U. Ogbu is a Professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of California at Berkeley. Anya Peterson Royce is an Associate Professor in the Department of Anthropology and Director of Latin American Studies at Indiana University. Lenore D. Ralston is an Associate Scientist in the Alcohol Research Group and a Research Associate at the Center for Latin American Studies at the University of California at Berkeley. June Starr is an Associate Professor in the Department of Anthropology at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. viii With Chief Mwamba of the Bemba tribe in his village near Kasama, September 1957. (P. Hartland-Thunberg) (P. Hartland-Thunberg) With Ruth Castle, Graduate Student in Biology, About 1968. Bertram Hall, Radcliffe, Spring 1941. 11. Hartland-Thunberg) ix it'. flartlanci- I nunbergi With Mrs. A. Wallis during the Morgan lectures, At home on the day of moving out of her 1973. Kroeber Hall office, 1984. On the Pacific coast of California, 1980. (J Justice) x (S. Morgan) PART ONE: DEDICA TOR Y LETTERS