THE SIBERIAN PEOPLES: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE SOURCES Sylvia H. Forman University of California, Berkeley CONTENTS Introduction page 1 Annotated bibliography 2 Appendix I: Unannotated works 25 Appendix II: Author index 26 Appendix III: Topic index 28 Appendix IV: Ethnic group index 30 INTRODUCTION This bibliography is meant to cover, with annotations, the major works presently available in English on the anthropology, and to some extent the cultural geography, of the tribal peoples of Siberia. All the works referred to are normally available in libraries. In order to render the bibliography more useful, appendices have been provided which index authors, by last name, ethnic groups, and topics. The numbers following entries in Appendices III and IV refer to entries in the bibliography. 1 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Anisimov, A. F. The shaman's tent of the 1963a Evenks and the origin of the shamanistic rite. In Michael (1963), no. 39. Based in part on the author's field work. First, presents the author's theoretical foundations and orientation: is a study of the origins of shamanism from the bases of the shaman's tent and of the expulsion of disease-spirits from sick patients. Describes and discusses the features, construction and manners of usage of the shaman's tent in detail and shows how these items are related to Evenks (Tungus) concepts of soul, to the shamanistic tree and to totemism. Discusses the shamanistic curing ritual, especially the details of the performance, ideas of disease-spirits and how the curing ritual relates to Evenks social structure. Uses data on shamanistic termi- nology to support theoretical argument. Mentions the role and position of the shaman in the community and the anti-Soviet activities of shamans. 39 pages; 11 figures; bibliography. 2. Cosmological concepts of the 1963b peoples of the north. In Michael (1963), no. 39. The aim is discussion of "the primitive-idealistic concepts of primordial man concerning nature, conditioned by the socially simple level of development of labor [division] and consciousness among pri- mitive peoples." Chapter I: Discusses relations between the cosmological concepts of the "worlds of the universe" and the social structure of the Evenks (Tungus), as evidenced in myths and in language. Also mentions some similar data for the Dolgans, Orochs, Nenets, Kets, Nivkhs and Gilyaks. Chapter II: Discusses concepts about the world men live in for the Evenks, Orochs, Nivkhs, Chukchi, Koryaks, Goldi and Sel'kups, on the bases of folktales, details of shamanistic performances and lin- guistic data. Chapter III: Analyzes and develops past social structures of Siberian groups from the viewpoint of the author's ideas of cosmological beliefs (totemism plus shamanism) of a number of tribes. Attempts to establish how and why changes in social structure, as described by the author, occurred. 2 Chapter IV: Illustrates the relations of a culture's material life to its cosmological concepts. Uses examples from Itel'mens, Chukchi and Evenks. 72 pages; bibliography. 3. Bogoras, Waldemar The Chukchi of northeastern 1901 Asia. American Anthropolo- gist 3:80-108. Based largely on field work. Covers many topics briefly. Early history: early contact and warfare of the Chukchi with the Russians. Recent habitat: changes in areas of habitation and migra- tory movements. Barter: Russian fur trade; tobacco trade; barter by reindeer-breeders for maritime goods. Tribute relations with Russia. Tribal divisions: discusses indications from folklore that the rein- deer and maritime Chukchi are derived from different source popula- tions. Reindeer: the peculiarities of Chukchi reindeer-breeding, in- cluding the transhumance pattern and use of reindeer for food. The physical characteristics, health and mental characteristic of the Chukchi. Mortuary customs; methods of divination; sacred objects and taboos; animism and spiritualism; shamanism and sexual transformations, in- cluding description of clothing, equipment and performances of the shaman. Astronomical lore, including folktales associated with stars and constellations. Social organization; marriage; statuses of women, children and the aged; attitudes toward voluntary death. "Vassal" herders. Crime and conflict resolution. 28 pages. 4. The Chukchee, Parts I, II, 1904-09 III. Memoirs of the Ameri- can Museum of Natural History, Vol. XI. Part I. Material Culture. Based on field work (Parts II and III are also). Chapter I and II: General introduction which i'ncludes habitat, physical characteristics and language of the Chukchee. Chapter III: Aspects of trade, including ancient trade, trade with the Russians, trade in tobacco, tea and alcohol, trade routes and units and prices. Chapters IV and V: Reindeer-breeding, including origin, manage- ment and economic value. Also, dog-breeding. 3 Chapter VI: Hunting and fishing; use of nets and boats in hunting sea-mammals; use of traps; bird-hunting. Also, war and weapons. Chapter VII: Dwellings, including summer, winter, movable, under- ground and snow houses. Household utensils. Chapter VIII: Foods. Chapters IX and X: Manufactured objects in stone, wood and metal; tailor work, embroidery and leather work. Clothing, hair dressing, adornments and snow equipment. Chapter XI: Games and sports. Part II. Religion. Chapter XII: Religious ideas, basic cosmolo- gical concepts and features and beliefs in spiritual beings. Chapter XIII: Charms and sacred objects, both forms and usages de- scribed in detail. Especially amulets, "guardians," family charms and the hearth fire. Chapter XIV: Ceremonials of both the Reindeer and Maritime Chukchee. Discussions of each ceremonial with information on what it is, when, where and how it is conducted and why it is conducted. Also some data on the ceremonials of Asiatic Eskimos. Chapter XV: Shamanism. Family shamanism. The call to be a shaman and individual shamanism. Classes of shamans; shamanistic performances, tricks and trances. Sexual transformation and shamanism. The shaman's garments. Chapter XVI: Protective and aggressive magic, including spells and incantations, what they are used for and how they are used; trans- lated texts of 14 incantations. Methods of, reasons for use of and practitioners of divination. Dreams and taboos. Chapter XVII: Birth and death. Details of birth practices, in- cluding some translated incantations associated with birth. Beliefs concerning death; detailed data on funerary practices. Part III. Social Organization. Chapter XVIII: Organization of the family and of family groups. Kinship and kinship terminology. Statuses of the aged, of women and of children. Adoption of children. Attitudes and practice of voluntary death. Chapter XIX: Marriage, among both the Reindeer and Maritime Chukchee. Who marries whom; various means of acquiring a spouse and types of marriages; marriage rites. Chapter XX: Camp and village organization, among both the Reindeer and Maritime Chukchee. Economic statuses with the camp. Hospitality. Chapter XXI: Strong men, warriors and slaves. Detailed discus- sions of each category's role in the community. A discussion of war and of specific wars. Chapter XXII: Law, both within the family group and, with blood- revenge, outside the family. Results of murder and of theft. Property laws. 4 Chapter XXIII: Historical discussion of the entire period of Chukchee-Russian contact. Throughout, this work is very detailed, well illustrated and filled with anecdotal, as well as descriptive and analytic, materials. 733 pages; 302 figures; 35 plates; bibliography. 5. Chukchee Mythology. Memoirs 1910 of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. XII, Part I. Based on field work. Divided into two parts, the first part con- taining Chukchee texts as well as English ones. First part. Chapter I: Introduction and information on pronun- ciation of Chukchee. Chapter II: 21 myths and tales. Chapter III: 10 incantations, for curings, various kinds of hunting and for regaining a husband. Chapter IV: 16 songs, some of them shaman's songs. Chapter V: 7 proverbs, 10 riddles, 5 word games and 3 short comic tales. Second part. (All texts are in English only.) Chapter I: 4 crea- tion tales, one with 3 versions. Chapter II: 14 miscellaneous tales, some fairly long. Chapter III: 3 war tales. Chapter IV: 5 tales by Russianized natives. 197 pages. 6. The Eskimo of Siberia. 1913 Memoirs of the American Mu- seum of Natural History, Vol. XII. Based on field work. Chapter I: 16 short folktales. Chapter II: Songs, in both original language and English; some are shamans' songs and some are songs sung by women. Chapter III: A folktale, in both the original language and English. 39 pages. 7. Koryak Texts. Publications 1917 of the American Ethnological Society, Vol. V. Based on field collection. All texts are in Koryak with both li- teral and free English translations. An introduction discusses briefly Koryak dialects and pronunciation. Main text comprises 24 tolktales, some of them presented with se- veral versions which are from different dialects and different Koryak villages. 5 Appendix I: 2 songs. Appendix II: Names of stars and constellations, from several Koryak dialects and also from Chukchee and Kamchadal. There is also a vocabulary, both Koryak-English and English-Koryak. 153 pages. 8. 1918 Tales of Yukaghir, Lamut and Russianized Natives of Eastern Siberia. Anthropological Paper of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. XX, Par t I. Based on field collection. All texts are in English only. All the tales are from Russianized natives. Many tales which show Russian in- fluence have been deliberately included. Chapter I: 8 tales of the Tundra Yukaghir. of the Lamut. Chapter III: 33 tales of Kolyma. which children tell to each other. Chapter V: 9 Chapter VI: 9 tales from Anadyr. 148 pages. 9. 1929 Chapter II: 10 tales Chapter IV: 11 stories tales from Markova. Elements of the culture of the circumpolar zone. American Anthropologist 31:579-601. Discusses the characteristics of five aspects of the circumpolar environment (cosmographic, meteorological, geographical, floral and faunal). Examines the effects of these environmental characteristics on the cultures of the circumpolar regions. Special emphasis is given to the faunal aspect of environment. De- tails are given of the interrelations of cultures, especially the Chuk- chee, Koryak and Asiatic Eskimo, with their general, and more so with their faunal environment. Brings spiritual (folklore) as well as ma- terial culture into the discussion. Divides the northern cultures into types on the basis of economics and correlates the types with the environments to some extent. 22 pages. 10. Chard, Chester S. 1953 Kamchadal Culture and its Relationships in the Old and New Worlds. Unpublished doc- toral dissertation, Univer- sity of California, Berkeley, in Anthropology. 6 An analysis of aboriginal cultures to ascertain origins and rela- tions in culture history among both Old and New World North Pacific cul- tures. Detailed comparison of a number of cultural traits among the Kamchadal and Ckukchi, Koryak, Yukaghir, Lamut, Ainu, Asiatic and New World Eskimos and Indians. Chapters I and II: Introduction and discussion of sources. Chap- ter III: A brief over-view of Kamchadal culture. Chapter IV: An analysis of Kamchadal ethnography. Material cul- ture, including dog traction,snowshoes, boats, houses, clothing, weapons, hunting and fishing equipment, ethnobotany, food, fire, lamps, pottery, stone, bone, bark-wood-basketry, art, music and dance. Social culture, including government, property, social organization, war, marriage, child-rearing and death. Intellectual culture, including calendar, curing, religion, shamanism, animal ceremonialism and folklore. Chapter V: Conclusions. Separates the traits analyzed into those which are widespread and of considerable age in northern Eurasia; those which are of great age and are distributed around the rim of the North Pacific; those which are distributed along the Asiatic side of the North Pacific but include only the Eskimo in the New World; those distributed around both the Old and New World North Pacific coast, probably distri- buted across the Aleutians; those of Eskimo origin; those characteristic of the Chukchi, Koryak and Kamchadal as a group and spread to adjacent Eskimos; those shared by the Kamchadal and Ainu only; those peculiar to the Kamchadal. Discusses all these, as well as linguistic and physical anthropology data, to get an overall picture of the interrelations in the North Pacific area. 186 pages; bibliography. 11. Cressey, George B. Asia's Lands and Peoples. 1963 New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. Chapters 42, 43, 44, 45 deal with Soviet Asia. Chapter 42 dis- cusses the various ethnic groups of Soviet Asia. Chapter 43 covers landscapes, climates and vegetations. Chapter 44 mentions mineral re- sources. Chapter 45 discusses the present economy of Soviet Asia. Excellent maps on everything discussed. 12. Czaplicka, M.-A. Aboriginal Siberia: A Study 1914 in Social Anthropology. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Chapter I: Geography. Chapter II: Ethnology. Chapter III: Social organization. Chapter IV: Marriage. Chapter V: Customs and beliefs connected with child-birth. Chapter VI: Death, burial, future life and ancestor worship. Chapter VII: Shamanism. Chapter VIII: 7 The vocation and preparations of a shaman. Chapter IX: Types of shamans. Chapter X: The accessories of the shaman. Chapter XI: The performances of the shamans. Chapter XII: Shamanism and sex. Chapter XIII: Beliefs about gods, spirits and human souls. Chapter XIV: Descriptions of some ceremonies. Chapter XV: Discussion of the phenomenon of "arctic hysteria." Under each chapter and topic, data is presented for the Chukchee, Koryak, Yukaghir, Gilyak, the Tungusic tribes, the Turkic tribes, the Finnic tribes and sometimes for the Samoyed, Kamchadal, Kuril, Ainu, Mongolic tribes, the Yakut, Kalmur and Buryat. 325 pages; 16 plates; 2 maps; bibliography; glossary. 13. Dolgikh, B. 0. The population of the Olenek 1962a and upper Anabar River basins. In Michael (1962), no. 38. Discusses the reasons why the population of the Olenek and Anabar River basins has been considered to be Tungus but should be considered to be Yakut. Describes Yakut occupation of the area. 5 pages; 2 tables; very brief bibliography. 14. On the population of the 1962b Olenek and Anabar River basins. In Michael (1962), no. 38. Based on some field work. Support of thesis that the population of the Olenek and Anabar River basins is Yakut, rather than Tungus, using census data and the "self-awareness" of the people concerned. 7 pages; brief bibliography. 15. Contributions to the history 1962c of the Buryat people. In Michael (1962), no. 38. Discusses relationships between the ancestors of the modern Buryat and the Mongols, who greatly affected Buryat language and kinship. Traces the ancestral Buryat history and tribal and clan organization by means of Russian census and tribute data from 1600's and 1700's, ac- cording to small geographic areas and movements of people. Also uses the fur-tribute data, along with census data, to estimate population sizes. Mentions the effects of the Buryat on other tribes in their vicinity. 8 Discusses the unification of the modern Buryat, by the Russians, from distinct but culturally and linguistically related tribes. 28 pages; 1 map; 12 tables; bibliography. 16. On the origin of the 1962d Nganasans--preliminary re- marks. In Michael (1962), no. 38. Based on some field work. The Nganasan are referred to as Samoyed. in English ethnographies. Brief geographical, econamic, cultural and religious information, both past and present, for the Nganasan. A short general discussion of ethno-linguistic groups and movements of groups in and into Siberia. Basic thesis is that the Avam Nganasan were composed of two groups of Samoyed (whom the author thinks may really be Paleo-Siberians) and three other groups which were originally Tungus. This thesis is sup- ported by census and fur-tribute data, Russian historical sources, Nganasan folklore, analysis of linguistic data and place names, tracing the origin and development of several Nganasan clans, comparative eth- nography and archeology and Nganasan traditions about their own origin. 80 pages; 3 maps; 14 tables; 2 plates; bibliography. 17. Dolgikh, B. 0. and M. G. Levin Transition from kinship to 1962 territorial relationships in the history of the peoples of northern Siberia. In Michael (1962), no. 38. Some parts based on field work. A theoretical discussion of the bases for social/economic groupings among Siberian peoples, following "these tenents of Marx and Engels.. .we aim to show that the peoples of northern Siberia, in spite of conserving many vestiges of a clan system, in spite of preserving elements of an earlier clan structure, in the main evolved into territorially organized units quite some time ago" (p. 302). Authors label these territorial units "territorial production unions," and state that at the time of Russian contact they were already superceding kinship units and were even sometimes multi-ethnic. Authors maintain that examination of mixed and neighboring communities should lead to better understanding of ethnogenesis in the Siberian north. Discusses how the aboriginal "territorial production unions" relate to Soviet socialist reconstruction activities. This article should be read for theoretical background on the Soviet views of the peoples and the studies of the peoples of Siberia. 13 pages; bibliography. 9 18. Donner, Kai Among the Samoyed in Siberia. 1954 New Haven: Human Relations Area Files. Based on field work done in 1911-13. "The Samoyed of Narym:" Discussion centers on Russian relations with and effects on the Samoyeds, in terms of clothing, housing, al- cohol consumption and destruction of forests, and thereby economic bases. Mentions conflicts between Russian and Samoyed legal systems. "Expeditions along the Ob:" More on the effects of Russian colo- nization. Describes the "temples of gods" of the Samoyed. "In Samoyed Wilderness:" Discusses marriage, bride-price and wedding. Describes a visit with a "chief priest" shaman. "The Religion of the Ket Samoyed:" Discusses such points as the spirits of the forests and water, the equipment of the shamans, treat- ment of disease, general religious concepts, and shamanistic performances. Includes a paraphrased prose epic. "Down the Yenisey: " Brief mention of a Tungus group and some other groups. "From the Yenisey to the Taz:" Description of Ostyak Samoyed, in- cluding information on reindeer-breeding, methods of fishing, diet, clothing and contact with the Russians. "Across Deserted Tundras to the Ob:" Describes a shamanistic per- formance. Describes the daily routine of life in some detail. Dis- cusses the child-care pattern. Throughout there is good impressionistic description of landscapes. 144 pages; 60 photographs; 1 map; 1 page of native drawings. 19. Ginsburg, Norton, ed. The Pattern of Asia. New 1958 Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Physical and economic geography. Pages 850-51: good map of Siberia. Pages 856-59: climate of Siberia. Pages 860-61: maps. Pages 880-88: eastern and western Siberia; populations, climate and economy. 20. Gurvich, I. S. The ethnic affiliation of the 1962a population in the northwest of the Yakut A.S.S.R. In Michael (1962), no. 38. Deals with the population of the Olenek and Anabar River basins, from early 1600's on, estimating population size from tribute records. Discusses migration of Yakut into this previously Tungus area and 10 relations among ethnic groups, including Russians, in the area in the 1600's and 1700's. Discusses the merging, in the 1800's, of Yakut, Russian and Tungus into a nomadic, reindeer-breeding population. Sup- ports discussion with data on clan structure, genealogical traditions, traits of the reindeer complex and other aboriginal culture traits. Mentions recent and present relations with Russian economy and the socialist reconstruction of the native economy. 23 pages; 2 maps; 2 tables; bibliography. 21. A propos the ethnic affilia- 1962b tion of the population of the Olenek and Anabar River basins. In Michael (1962), no. 38. Discusses whether the ethnic affiliation of the population of the Olenek and Anabar River basins is Tungus or Yakut. Supports discussion with census and fur-tribute data and with information on economic/cul- tural traditions. Analyzes the methods used in assessing ethnic back- ground. 12 pages; 3 tables; bibliography. 22. Hajdu, P. The Samoyed Peoples and Lan- 1963 guages. Bloomington: Indiana University. Chapters I and II: Geographic and census data on the Samoyed. Names of Samoyed groups. Chapter III: Physical anthropology of the Samoyed. Chapter IV: Samoyed customs, including reindeer-breeding, diet, hunting and fishing materials, ethnobotany, dwellings, transportation and clothing. Chapter V: Samoyed society, including clan organization and family life. Chapter VI: Samoyed religion, dealing with animistic beliefs, spirits of the dead, sacrifices and shamans and their costumes and equipment. Chapter VII: Folklore. Chapters VIII and IX: History and foreign contacts, including prehistory, Russian contact and contact with other native Siberian peoples, with emphasis on the linguistic effects of contact. Chapters X and XI: Samoyed languages, covering dialects, phonological systems and bibliographic information on research in the Samoyed languages. Chapters IV, V and VI give details for several groups of Samoyed: Nenet, Enets, Nganasan, Sel'kup and Kamas. 88 pages; bibliography of literature in Samoyed languages; bibliography. 11 23. Hallowell, A. I. Bear ceremonialism. American 1926 Anthropologist 28:1-175. Deals first with man's relations to and concepts of animals; how animals come to be the centers of cults and how such a question can be approached methodologically. Presents a brief comparative survey of the distribution of bear ceremonialism in both the Old and New Worlds. Gives the geographic distribution of various species of bear. Discusses folk-beliefs about bear hibernation, mentioning the Kam- chadal. Describ-es bear hunting, time, methods and weapons, for Paleo- and Neo-Siberians. Discusses the use of special terms for reference to and addressing the bear and the custom of talking to and apologizing to hunted bears. Describes in some detail the post-mortem ceremonies and customs for bears of the Asiatic Eskimos, Chukchi, Koryak, Kamchadal, Yukaghir, Lamut, Tungus, Yakut, Ostyak, Gilyak, Goldi and Orochi. Does a comparative analysis of the post-mortem observances, listing cross- cultural features and trends.- Presents some historical deductions and conclusions: psychological hypotheses to explain attitudes toward the bear; economic hypotheses. Ends with a historico-geographical interpretation of interrelations of Boreal cultures. Throughout, deals with other boreal cultures besides Siberian ones. 175 pages; bibliography. 24. Jakobson, Roman The Paleosiberian languages. 1942 American Anthropologist 44:602-20. Divides the eastern Paleosib-erian languages into three groups: Luoranwetlan (Chukchee, Koryak and Kamchadal), Yukaghir and Gilyak. Discusses structural similarities among the three groups and among these groups -and other languages. Places the western Paleosiberian languages all in one group: Yeniseian. Discusses the geographic distribution of speakers of each language. Examines sources, especially early ones, for the information they contain on languages. Discusses writing and standard languages among the various groups. Presents some detail on phonemes, alternations and grammatical structures. 18 pages; bibliography. 25. Jakobson, Roman, G. Hfittl-Worth, Paleosiberian Peoples and and J. F. Beebe Languages--A Bibliographic 1957 Guide. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files. 12 Divided into six sections, with the headings: Bibliographical Surveys of Studies and Sources; Works Concerning Several or All Paleo- siberian Peoples; Gilyak; The Chukchee Group; The Yukaghir Group; The Yeniseian Group. Includes anonymous, collective and unpublished archival works, as well as regular published ones. Most references are for Russian works, presented with the titles in English as well as Russian. References are not annotated. Presents a short sketch of Paleosiberian peoples and languages, in- cluding, Gilyak, Chukchee, Koryak, Kamchadal, Yukaghir, Chuvantsy, Omok, Ket, Kot, Asans and Arins. 222 pages. 26. Jochelson, Waldemar The Koryak, Parts I and II. 1901 Memoirs of the American Mu- seum of Natural History, Vol. X. Based on f ield work in 1900-01. Part I. Religion and Myths of the Koryak. Chapter I: Historical remarks. Chapter II: Discussion of the beliefs of the Koryak in deities and spirits; how these appear in religious practices and in folklore and myths. Chapter III: Describes the forms and uses of sacred objects, including fire-making implements, "guardians," drums, divining stones and amulets. Chapter IV: The preparation, clothing, instruments and perfornances of professional shamans. Family shamanism and the use of drums. Presents 5 incantations, in both the original language and En- glish. Chapter V: Describes festivals and sacrifices for both the Maritime and Reindeer Koryak: for Maritime, includes the whale festival and the festival of wearing masks; for Reindeer, includes reindeer races, the wolf festival and the bear festival. Several types of sacrifices are described and the texts of 3 prayers which accompany sacrifices are presented. Chapter VI: Birth, confinement and naming. Attitudes toward death, soul and afterlife. Funeral practices and annual observances for the dead. Chapter VII: Discussion of Koryak view of nature, beliefs in nature spirits, reflections of nature views in folklore and names of stars and constellations. Chapter VIII: 45 myths, in English only, of the Reindeer Koryak of the Taigonos Peninsula. Chapter IX: 22 myths, in English, of the Maritime Koryak of the western Penshina Bay. Chapter X: 4 myths, in English, of the Camps on the Palpal Mountain Ridge. Chapter XI: 43 myths, in English, of the Maritime Koryak of the Upper Penshina Bay. Chapter XIII: 13 tales of the Koryak of the Bering Sea coast. Chapter XIV: 9 tales of the Kamchadal. Chapter XV: Characteristics of Koryak myths and comparison of Koryak with Kamchadal, Chukchee, Yukaghir and Mongol-Turk mythologies. 24 Koryak tale types given. Comparison of 13 Koryak and New World mythologies. Comparison of episodes from Koryak tales with similar elements in other mythologies, both Old and New World. Part II. Material Culture and Social Organization of the Koryak. Chapter I: The past and present territory, geography, climate, flora and fauna. Chapter II: The appellations, physical types, health and languages of the Koryak. Chapter III: The distribution of various Koryak groups, including census data and information on clans. Chapter IV: Detailed descriptions of the dwelling of the Reindeer and Maritime Koryak. Chapter V: Reindeer-breeding, including compari- son of the Koryak complex with that of others. Chapter VI: Description of the dog-breeding complex. Chapter VII: Fishing, hunting and war techniques and materials. Chapter VIII: Description of household uten- sils and of food. Chapter IX: Clothing, hairdressing, adormnent and transport equipment. Chapters X and XI: Manufactures, tailor work, basketry, art, design patterns and writing. Chapter XII: Family life, including kinship terms, marriage and statuses. Chapter XIII: Territorial groups, family associations, re- cent changes in social organization under the Russians; trade; revenge; games. Chapter XIV: History of Koryak contact with other aboriginal peoples, the Americans and the Russians. 810 pages; 1 map; 309 figures; 53 plates; bibliography. 27. The Yukaghir and the Yuka- 1910 ghirized Tungus. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. XIII, Part I. Based on field work in 1895 and 1896. Chapter I: Past and present territory, climate, flora and fauna. Chapter II: Appellations, physical types, diseases (including "arctic hysteria"), and language of the Yukaghir. Also data on ideas of odor, color terms, names of seasons and units of measure. Chapter III: Camps, clans and census data. Chapter IV: Family life, including kinship terms, marriage, child- birth, and statuses. Chapter V: Social life, including clan structure, relations between clans-, roles of elders, shamans, hunters and "strong men." Discussion of blood-revenge. Original and translated texts of customary forms of salutation. 133 pages; 1 map; 7 plates. 14 28. The ethnological problems of 1926 Bering Sea. Natural History 26:90-95. A discussion of the peopling of the New World considering Pleisto- cene and Holocene geology; distribution over time and space of certain species of fauna; physical types on both sides of the Bering Sea; cul- tural traits, especially folklore and the reindeer complex; linguistic data. 6 pages; 2 maps. 29. Peoples of Asiatic Russia. 1928 New York: American Museum of Natural History. Chapter I: Discussion of the Mongoloids of Asia and Europe, inclu- ding census data and ethnic backgrounds of the Samoyed, Yakut, Karaga, Kalmuck, Buryat and Tungus. Chapter II: Discussion of the Americanoids of Siberia, including census data and ethnic backgrounds of the Chukchee, Koryak and Kamchadal (mentions the "Chukchee-Koryak-Kamchadal Physico- cultural complex"), the Yukaghir, Chuvantzy, Gilyak and Asiatic Eskimos. Chapter III: Discusses some Siberian groups of undetermined anthropo- logical position, including the Yenisei Ostyak and the Ainu. Chapters IV - VII deal with Central Asians. Chapter VIII: Discussion of racial features of the groups mentioned above: stature, cephalic index, facial index, cephalic module and cephalic module-stature index. Chapter IX: Modes of life of groups mentioned above. Includes information of dwellings, dress, art, music and poetry (mostly Yukaghir). Chapter X: Prehistoric and historic migrations and culture contacts. Religious classifications. Language classifications. 249 pages; 10 maps; 52 illustrations; bibliography. 30. Krasheninnikov, S. P. The History of Kamtschatka 1962[1764] and the Kurilski Islands, with the Countries Adjacent. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, Inc. Based on field work done by Krasheninnikov in the 1730's. This English edition, which was originally published in 1764, is edited and abridged. Part I covers geography. Part II deals with natural history, in- cluding flora, fauna, soils, etc. Part III is entitled: "Of the Natives of Kamtschatka, and their Customs and Manners." 15 The topics which are covered descriptively in Part III are: appel- lations, languages, dwellings, tools and household utensils, division of labor, use of resources, clothing, diet, dog-breeding complex, war and weapons, religion, shamans, ceremonies, feasts and diversions, hos- pitality, marriage, child-birth, diseases and remedies and burial (for the Kamchadal), Also covered briefly are the Koreki and Kurile, in a manner similar to the above. Part IV deals with the history of the Russians in the area. 280 pages; 2 maps; 7 illustrations. 31. Lattimore, Owen The Gold Tribe, "Fishskin 1933 Tatars" of the Lower Sungari. Memoir of the American Anthro- pological Association 40. Based on field work. Information on the population size and distribution of the Gold and on their environment. History, from legends and from Chinese docu- ments and relations between the Gold and the Manchu and Siberian tribes, including the Gilyak. General physical characteristics of the Gold. Discussion of Gold material culture covering dwellings, division of labor, cultivation, domestic animals (including sled dogs), fishing and navigation techniques, hunting techniques, means of transport, clothing and utensils, and Chinese and Manchu influences on material culture. Discussion of Gold social organization covering clans, marriage, burial and Chinese influences on some social traits. Discussion of shamanism, curing and divination. Mentions linguistic relations and Gold dialects. 77 pages; 3 illustrations; brief vocabulary. 32. Laufer, Berthold The Decorative Art of the 1902 Amur Tribes. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. VII. Based on field work and museum collections. Very full discussion of all points and of-all illustrations. First discusses the historical aspect of the subject, drawing on Chinese texts and dealing with Chinese influence. Presents some general characteristics of the art of the Amur tribes and some information on the geographical distribution of the characteristics. 16 Discusses the simple component forms and the animal forms of design and analyzes the variations in basic designs, what designs appear on what objects and what designs appear in groups. Discusses decoration from viewpoint of ethnological objects--how motifs are employed on dif- ferent kinds of objects. Mentions Ainu ornamentation. Discusses coloring, especially of embroideries. Analyzes the evolution of design motifs. 86 pages; 33 plates;- 24 figures. 33. The Reindeer and its Domesti- 1917 cation. Memoirs of the Ameri- can Anthropological Association, Vol. IV, No. 2. Uses a variety of primary and secondary sources, including Russian, Scandanavian and ancient Chinese ones, to find references to domestic reindeer. Discussion of various details of reindeer complexes, with aim to relating them to domestication. Reconstructional theory of reindeer domestication using information on other species of deer, on Eskimo in- troduced-reindeer-breeding, reindeer-hunting methods and effects of reindeer-breeding on human cultures. Throughout, Siberian examples are used. 58 pages; bibliographic references in text. 34. Levin, M. G. Ethnic Origins of the Peoples 1963 of Northeastern Asia. Arctic Institute of North America-- Anthropology of the North: Translations from Russian Sources, No. 3, H. N. Michael, ed. Based in part on field work. First discusses the history of research in physical anthropology in northeastern Asia; gives a historical survey of racial classifications; presents the basic principles of racial classification. Discusses the physical types and problems of origin of the Ainu, Oroks, several groups of Nivkhs, Negidal, Ulch, and Nanay. In the physical anthropology of these groups, presents in statistical form data on skin color, hair form, facial height, facial breadth, nasal height, width of eye slit, lip thickness, cranial index, stature and many more characters. In addition, brings in data from linguistics, archeology, cultural anthropology and folklore, to aid in analysis of ethnogenesis. 17 Discusses the origin of and compares the Tungus with Eskimos, Buryat, and Sel'kup. the Tungus in the same manner as above the Lamut, Kamchadal, Chukchi, Koryak, Treats the Yukaghir similarly. Uses comparisons of data from cultural and physical anthropology to examine Eskimo origins and movements into the New World. General discussion of the ethnogenesis of the Paleo-Asiatics. Also mentions Ainu origin. 355 pages; 17 illustrations; 71 tables; large bibliography. 35. Levin, M. G. and L. P. L. P. Po tapoy, ed s. 1964 [1956] The Peoples of Siberia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Translated from the Russian by Stephen Dunn. Sections of the book were contributed by a number of authors, but the'sections, excepting introductory ones, follow a set pattern very closely and therefore will not be annotated separately. Below are the section headings and the contributing authors. Introduction (language groups and culture history) Ancient Population of Siberia and A. P. Okladnikov Its Culture The Anthropological Types of Siberia M. G. Levin Historical-Ethnographic Survey of the L. P. Potapov Russian Population of Siberia in the Prerevolutionary Period The Buryats The Yakuts The The The The The The I. The Peoples of Southern Altays Khakasvy Tuvans West-Siberian Tatars Shors Tofalars II. The PeQples of Northern Siberia The Building of Socialism among the Peoples of Northern Siberia and the Soviet Far East The Khants and Mansi (Ostyaks and Voguls) The Nentsy (Samoyeds) The Nganasans (Samoyeds) Siberia K. V. Vyatkino S. A. Tokarev and I. S. Gurvich L. P. Po tapov L. P. Potapov L. P. Potapov V. V. Khramova L. P. Potapov M. A. Sergeyev and the Far East M. A. Sergeyev E. D. Prokof'yeva and V. N. Chernetsov and N. F. Prytkova E. D. Prokof'yeva A. A. Popov 18 The Entsy (Samoyeds) The Sel'kups The Kets The Evenks (Tungus and Orochens) The Dolgans The Evens (Lamuts) The Negidals The Nanays (also Goldi and Orochi) The Ul'chi The Udegeys (Tazy) The Orochi The Oroks The Nivkhi (Gilyak) The Yukaghirs The Chukchi The The The The Eskimos Koryaks Itel'mens Aleuts B. 0. Dolgikh E. D. Prokof'yeva A. A. Popov and B. 0. Dolgikh G. M. Vasilevich and A. V. Smolyak A. A. Popov M. G. Levin and IB. A. Vasil'yev S. V. Ivanov and M. G. Levin and A. V. Stolyak S. V. Ivanov and A. V. Smolyak and M. G. Levin S. V. Ivanov and A. V. Smolyak and M. G. Levin S. V. Ivanov and A. V. Smolyak and M. G. Levin S. V. Ivanov and A. V. Smolyak and M. G. Levin S. V. Ivanov and A. V. Smolyak and M. G. Levin M. V. Stepanova and I. S. Gurvich and V. V. Khramova V. V. Antropova and V. G. Kuznetsova G. A. Menovshchikov V. V. Antropova V. V. Antropova V. V. Antropova Each of the ethnographic sections contains data on the following topics: language, geography, population size, culture history, recent history, economic activities, techniques and materials, food, clothing, political and community organization, kinship and family life, marriage, religious beliefs and festivals, shamanism, burial, folk arts and socialist reconstruction and contemporary life. The emphasis tends to be on politico-economic features, with a quite evident ideological slant to the discussions. 888 pages; 1 large map; very many illustrations; glossary; very extensive bibliography, practically all of it on Russian sources. 19 36. Lissner, Ivar Man, God and Magic. New York: 1961 G. P. Putnam's Sons. Based in part on some travels in Siberia. Chapters 12-18, 22-23, 25, 26 deal largely with Siberian peoples, though there is some mention of Siberians in other parts of the book. Is a very synthetic and some- what mystical, rather than scientific, study. Chapter 12: General discussion of "border races," the Paleo-Asiatics and Tungus, of northeast Siberia and of their racial and linguistic affinities. Chapter 13: Description of the Taiga. Chapter 14: Dis- cussion of the animals of the taiga and of human attitudes toward them, especially the reindeer. Examples from Tungus, Orochon and Yakut. Chapter 15: The life pattern of Tungus nomadism. Chapter 16: Exami- nation of the origin of the Tungus based on clothing and language. Chapter 17: The role of the bear in Tungus hunting and religious ideas. Chapter 18: Religious beliefs of the Tungus and Samoyed, including beliefs about bears and bear skull offerings. Discussion of Samoyed life. Very briefly, the culture and religious beliefs of the Yukaghir. Some information on Eskimo beliefs. Chapter 22: Description of Gilyak culture and religious beliefs. Chapter 23: The Gilyak bear cult and festival. Chapter 25: Animistic, spiritual and shamanistic beliefs among the Chukchi, Orochons, Tungus and Samoyed. Chapter 26: Shamans' preparation, costume, equipment and activities. 100 pages bearing on Siberia; 75 illustrations on Siberia; bibliography. 37. Lopatin, I. A. The Cult of the Dead Among 1960 the Natives of the Amur Basin. 's-Gravenhage: Mouton and Company. Is a comparative study of the means used by the natives of the Amur basin to handle the situation of death. General discussion of the characteristics and histories of the various groups of the region. Chapters I - III: Theories and concepts of causes of death, of the soul, the hereafter, dieties of the dead, ghosts, reincarnation and second death. Chapter IV: Burial customs are described, in especial detail those of children, shamans and princes, for the Buryat, the Goldi, the Gilyak, the Mongols and Tungusic tribes. Chapter V: Deatils of funeral rites, including coffins, wakes, pre- cautions against return of the deceased's spirit and funerary feasts. Chapter VI: Methods and places of disposal of the dead. Chapter VII: Receptacles for the souls of the dead, especially "fania," pillows for the dead. Shamanism and the cult of the dead. Chapter VIII: 20 Commemoratives for the dead, including the "nimgan," and the "djegdji," or monthly commemoratives among the Goldi and other commemoratives among other tribes. Chapter IX: The final feast for the dead. Chapter X: Attitudes toward the dead after burial, including mourning cere- monies and deification of the dead. Chapter XI: Conclusion. 202 pages; 1 map; bibliography. 38. Michael, Henry N., ed. Studieslin Siberian Ethno- 1962 genesis. Arctic Institute of North America--Anthropology of the North: Translations from Russian Sources, No. 2. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. (Articles are annotated separately, under the author's name. They are numbers 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 40, 47, 49, 50 in this bibli- ography.) Contains an introduction and glossary. Consists of 17 articles in total, all originally published in Russian between 1950 and 1960. The following articles are not referenced and annotated herein: A. Bernshtam--"On the Origin of the Kirgiz People" G. F. Debets--"The Origin of the Kirgiz People in the Light of Physical AnthropologicAl Findings" L. P. Potapov--"The Origins and Ethnic Composition of the Koybals" L. P. Potapov--"The Origin of the Altayans" P. N. Tretyakov--"Volga-Oka Place Names and Some Problems of the Ethnogenesis of the Finno-Ugric Peoples of the Volga Region" N. N. Cheboksarov--"Questions Concerning the Origins of the Finno-Ugrian Language Group" 39. Studies in Siberian Shamanism. 1963 Arctic Institute of North America--Anthropology of the North: Translations from Russian Sources, No. 4. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. (Articles are annotated separately, under the author's name. They are numbers 1, 2, 42, 51 in this bibliography.) 21 40. Okladnikov, A. P. 1962 Ancient petroglyphs and modern decorative art in the Amur region. In Michael (1962), no. 38. Analyzes Laufer's ideas on Amur art. Discusses the Neolithic petroglyph designs, including those on shards and cliffs, and their re- semblance to later designs of the same regions. Traces various motifs over time and includes influences from China. Attenpts to indicate that Amur art has ancient as well as Chinese roots. 8 pages; 5 figures; bibliography. 41. Prokofjew, G. 1933 Proto-Asiatic elenents in Ostyak-Samoyed culture. American Anthropologist 35: 131-133. Discussion of where the Ostyak-Samoyed fit in the cultural and linguistic picture of Siberia. Mentions intertribal contacts, the reindeer complex, some items of material culture and shamanism. Based on field work. 3 pages; 7 illustrations. 42. Prokof'yeva, Y. D. 1963 The costume of an Enets Shaman. In Michael (1963), no. 39. Brief presentation of background, especially religious, of the Enets (Karasin Samoyed). Discusses mainly the costume of a female shaman. Describes in great detail the parka, mittens, breastpiece, eye band, cap, boots, mat, drum and drumstick. Also describes other items of shamanistic paraphernalia, including a bag, figurines and pendants. 32 pages; 32 figures; bibliography. 43. Riasanovsky, V. A. 1937 Customary law of the Yakuts. The Chinese Social and Poli- tical Science Review 21:3, 314-29. Discusses the law codes of Yakut groups as they were codified by the Russians during the 1800's. Analyzes the sources of Yakut laws and the historical influences on them by outside cultures. Also dis- cusses relations of customs and laws to social structure and cultural phenomena. 12 pages. 22 Juristic customs of the Voguls, Ostyaks and Samoyeds. The Chinese Social and Poli- tical Science Review 21:4, 442-62. Discusses the legal customs of the Vogul, Ostyak and Samoyed as they were collected by the Russians in the 1800's for codification. Analyzes the sources of the legal customs and the historical influences on them from outside cultures. Also discusses relations of legal cus- toms and laws to social structure and cultural phenomena. 14 pages. 45. Shimkin, B. D. 1939 A sketch of the Ket, or Yenisei "Ostyak." Ethnos 3-4: 147-76. First gives brief historical, physical anthropological, demographic and geographic information, including basic economic activities and seasonal migration. Cultural data includes brief descriptions of dwellings, fishing equipment, clothing, division of labor, use of dogs and method of bear hunting. Discusses household lineages, clans, marriage, levels of shamanism, sorcery, ordeals used in legal pro- ceedings, birth and puberty rites and burial practices. Describes some features of religious beliefs and practices and sacred objects, in- cluding hearth fire, divination, deities and spirits, soul, household fetiches and bear ceremonialism. Discusses the recruitment, equipment, costume and performances of shamans. Presents 5 myths, in English only. 29 pages; 1 map; 1 figure; bibliography. 46. Shirokogoroff, S. M. 1935 Psychomental Complex of the Tungus. London: Kegan Paul. Very detailed discussion of the Tungus beliefs in nature spirits and spirits of the dead. Describes how such spirits are handled. Especial discussion of shamanism, the shaman's role and the psychology of spirit-related phenomena. 47. Smolyak, A. V. Certain questions on the 1962 early history of the ethnic groups inhabiting the Amur River Valley and the Maritime Province. In Michael (1962), no. 38. Uses archeological data and early Chinese texts to discuss the ancestry, or ancestries, of inhabitants of the Amur region and the 23 44. 1938 Maritime Province. Poses questions about the original inhabitants and later movements into the area. 11 pages; bibliography. 48. Steiner, F. B. 1940 Skinboats and the Yakut "xayik." Ethnos 3-4:177-83. Discusses whether or not the Yakut word "xayik" (kayak) has anything to do with skinboats (kayaks), and through that, whether or not Yakut boat-building is linked with Arctic material culture. Concludes that "xayik" does not mean skinboat and supports the conclusion with geo- graphic, historical contact, cultural and reference data. 7 pages; bibliography. 49. Suslov, I. M. The national affiliation of 1962 the present population of northwestern Yakutia. In Michael (1962), no. 38. Based on field work. Discusses the ethnic and Anabar River basins. port the thesis that this affiliations of the population of the Olenek Uses linguistic data and genealogies to sup- population is Yakut rather than Tungus. 4 pages; very brief bibliography. 50. Tokarev, S. A. 1962 The origin of the Buryat nation. In Michael (1962), no. 38. Reviews ideas on time and means of Mongolization of the popula- tion(s) of the Cis-Baykal region. Discusses who the original inhabi- tants of the region were and where they went. Bases the discussion mainly on folklore. Describes the situations of Buryat groups at the time of contact and questions whether the Buryat were a recognizable group before Russian contact. Discusses location and numbers in the region from 1600's to 1800's, dividing the true Buryat from others. Concludes that the Buryat were one ethnic group not solidified until after Sovietization. 16 pages; 1 map; bibliography. 51. Vasilevich, G. M. 1963 Russian ethnic of tribes tribes but were Early concepts about the universe among the Evenks (materials). In Michael (1963), no. 39. 24 Based on field work. Includes 36 tales, of varying length, in English. Discusses "'nimngakan" tales (myths, heroic tales and other genres), mentioning how and when and in what type of language they are told. Uses linguistic analysis, names of constellations and tales to dis- cuss concepts of the universe. Discusses shamans and souls of the dead. Discusses concepts of the origins of the earth, man and animals by analyzing origin myths. Examines the emergence of various concepts at different times; how shamanism is related to concepts of the universe; how social relationships are reflected in concepts about the world. 37 pages; bibliography. 52. Zolotarev, A. 1938 The ancient culture of north Asia. American Anthropologist 40:13-23. Briefly discusses movements of man, as a fisher, into northern Siberia. Describes what types of pottery have been found and where and discusses what the pottery finds indicate about human movements in Siberia. Also mentions what tracing the distribution of underground dwellings tells about cultural links. Describes the conservation by various tribes of features of ancient modes of fishing. Traces the origin and distribution of features of dog-breeding. 10 pages; bibliographic references. APPENDIX I: UNANNOTATED WORKS Al. Bush, Richard J. 1871 A2. Davidson, Davis S. 1937 A3. Jackson, F.- J. 1908 .A4. Jochelson, Waldemar 1933 Reindeer, Dogs and Snowshoes. New York. Snowshoes. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 6. Notes on the Samoyeds. Jour- nal of the Royal Anthropolo- gical Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 24:388. The Yakut. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. XXXIII, Part II. 25 A5. Lansdell, Henry 1882 A6. Shirokogoroff, S. M. 1929 A7. Shklovsky, I. W. 1916 A8. Sumner, W. G. 1901 A9. Thiel, Erich 1957 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Through Siberia. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company. 2 Vols. Social Organization of the Northern Tungus. Shanghai. In Far North East Siberia. London. The Yakuts. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Insti- tute of Great Britain and Ireland, n.s. 4:65-110. The Soviet Far East. New York: Praeger. APPENDIX II: AUTHOR INDEX Author Anisimov, A. F. Antropova, V. V. Bogoras, Waldemar Chard, Chester Chernetsov, V. N. Cressey, George B. Czaplicka, M. A. Dolgikh, B. 0. Donner, Kai Ginsburg, Norton Gurvich, I. S. Hajdu, P. Hallowell, A. I. Ivanov, S. V. Jakobson, Roman Jochelson, Waldemar Pages 2 19 3 6 18 7 7 8, 19 10 10 10, 18 11 12 19 24 13 26 17. Khramova, V. V. 18 18. Krasheninnikov, S. P. 15 19. Kuznetsova, V. G. 19 20. Lattimore, Owen 16 21. Laufer, Berthold 16 22. Levin, M. G. 17 23. Lissner, Ivar 20 24. Lopatin, I. A. 20 25. Menovshchikov, G. A. 19 26. Michael, Henry N. 21 27. Okladnikov, A. P. 18, 22 28. Popov, A. A. 18 29. Potapov, L. P. 18 30. Prokofjew, G. 22 31. Prokof'yeva, E. D. 18 32. Prokof'yeva, Y. D. 22 33. Prytkova, N. F. 18 34. Riasanovsky, V. A. 22 35. Sergeyev, M. A. 18 36. Shimkin, B. D. 23 37. Shirokogoroff, S. M. 23 38. Smolyak, A. V. 19, 23 39. Steiner, F. B. 24 40. Stepanova, M. V. 19 41. Suslov, I. M. 24 42. Tokarev, S. A. 18, 24 43. Vasilevich, G. M. 19, 24 44. Vasil'yev, B. A. 19 45. Vyatkino, K. V. 18 46. Zolotarev, A. 19 27 Author Pages APPENDIX III: TOPIC INDEX Bibliography entry number Analytical, Theoretical 1. Classification of cultures 2. Culture contact and history 3. Culture history and origins 4. Language and linguistics 5. Political and community structure 6. Relations to the New World 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. and Historical 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 20, 21, 29, 34, 36, 41, 47, 49 3, 4, 8, 15, 18, 20, 22, 26, 29, 31, 32, 35, 41, 43, 44, 48, 50 10, 15, 16, 29, 34, 35, 40, 47, 50, 52 4, 5, 7, 16, 22, 24, 25, 26, 30, 31, 35, 48, 51 4, 12, 17, 22, 26, 27, 31, 35, 45, 50 10, 28 Economic and Ma-terial Culture Clothing 4, 10, 18, 222, Dog-breeding and use 4, 10, 26, 30, Dwellings 4, 10, 22, 26, Fishing 4, 10, 18, 22, Food, diet and ethnobotany 4, 10, 18, 22, Household utensils 4, 26, 30 Hunting 4, 10, 22, 23, Manufactures 4, 10 , 26 , 35 15. Reindeer-breeding and use 16. Trade 17. Transhumance 18. Transportation 19. War and weapons 26, 31, 29, 26, 30, 30, 45, 31, 31, 35 31, 35, 45 52, Al 45 35, 45, 52 26, 31, 35, 45 3, 4, 18, 20, 22, 26, 28, 33, 35, Al 3, 4, 26, 35 3, 4, 35 4, 10, 22, 26, 31, Al, A2 4, 10, 26, 30 Religion and Spiritual Beliefs 20. Animism and spirit beliefs 1, 2, 3, 4, 18, 22, 26, 35, 37, 45, 56, 51 28 Topic Bibliography entry number 21. Bear ceremonialism 22. Ceremonials 23. Cosmology 24. Curing and disease 25. Death and mortuary customs 26. Divination 27. Incantations and songs 28. Mythology and folklore 29. Sacred objects and charms 30. Shamanism 31. Shamans' paraphernalia and perfomnnances Social Orgai 32. Birth practices 33. Conflict resolution and law 34, Kinship and kinship terminology 35. Marriage r 36. Mortuary customs and I death 37. Political and community structuw 38. Social statuses 39. 40. 41. Folklore and Art and decorative art Astronomical lore Folktales and mythology 23, 26, 36, 45 4, 10, 12, 23, 26, 30, 35, 36, 37, 45 1, 2, 4, 10, 12, 26, 30, 35, 36, 37, 45 1, 3, 10, 18, 26, 27, 30, 31, 35 3, 4, 10, 12, 26, 30, 35, 37, 45, 46, 51 4, 26, 35, 45 4, 5, 6, 26 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 16, 22, 26, 27, 28, 50, 51 3, 4, 26, 45 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 12, 18, 26, 30, 31, 35, 36, 42, 45, 51 1, 3, 4, 12, 18, 22, 26, 36, 42, 45 nization 4, 12, 26, 30, 45 3, 4, 18, 26, 27, 43, 44, 45 4, 12, 22, 26, 27, 35, 45 3, 4, 10, 12, 18, 26, 30,131, 35, 45 3, 4, 10, 12, 26, 30, 35, 37, 45, 46, 51 re 4, 12, 17, 22, 26, 27, 31, 35, 45, 50 3, 26, 27, 35 Art 4, 26, 29, 32, 35, 40 3, 7, 26 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 16, 22, 26, 27, 28, 50, 51 29 Topic Bibliography entry number 42. Games and sports 43. Incantations and songs 4, 26, 35 4, 5, 6, 26 Physical "Arctic hysteria" Disease and health Geography 47. Physical anthropology 12, 27 1, 3, 10, 18, 26, 27, 30, 31, 35 3, 4, 9, 11, 12, 16, 18, 19, 22, 26, 27, 30, 35, 36, 45, 52 3, 22, 26, 29, 34, 45 APPENDIX IV: Ethnic Group Index Name of Group Buryat Chukchi Dolgan Enets (Samoyed) Eskimo (Asiatic) Gilyak (Nivkhi) Gold i Itel 'men2 Kamchadal Ket Koryak Bibliography entry number 12, 15, 29, 34, 35, 37, 50 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 23, 24, 29, 34, 35, 36 2, 35 22, 35, 42 4, 6, 9, 10, 23, 29, 34, 35 2, 12, 23, 24, 29, 34, 35, 36, 37 2, 23, 31, 35, 37 2, 35 10, 12, 23, 24, 29, 30, 34, A3 2, 35 2, 7, 9, 10, 12, 23, 24, 26, 29, 34, 35 30 8, 10, 23, 34, 35 34, 35 34, 35 Kurile Lamut (Evens) Nanay2 Negidal2 30 44. 45. 46. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11, 12. 13. 14. 15. Topic Bibliography entry number 16. Nenet (Samoyed) 17. Nganasan (Samoyed) 18. Orochi 19. Orochon 20. Orochs (Oroks) 21. Ostyak (Samoyed) 22. Samoyed 23. Sel'kup (Samoyed) 24. Tungus 25. Udegey 26. Ulch (U1'chi) 27. Vogul 28. Yakut 29. Yukaghir 2, 22, 34 16, 22, 35 23, 35 36 2, 34, 35 23, 35, 41, 44, 45 12, 18, 22, 24, 29, 36, 44, A4 2, 22, 34, 35 1, 2, 12, 13, 14, 20, 21, 23, 29, 34, 35, 36, 37, 46, 49, 51, A7 35 34, 35 35, 44 12, 13, 14, 20, 21, 23, 29, 35, 36, 43, 48, 49, A5, A9 8, 10, 12, 23, 24, 27, 29, 35, NOTES I want to express my thanks to Professor Nelson H. H. Graburn for the help he gave me with the preparation of this bibliography. 2These are the present Russian designations for ethnic groups and I was not able to ascertain any other names for them. 31 Name of Group