KROEBER ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY PAPERS, Numbers 8 and 9 BERKELEY, 1953 THE KROEBER ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC ILiTY PAPERS NTIBER8 8 AND 9 THE `WALTER B. CLINE MEMORIAL VOLUME The Kroeber Anthropological Society Berke ley, Ca li fornia 1953 TEE KROEBER ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY PAFERS Numbers 8 and 9 October 15, 1953 Published by the Kroeber Anthropological Society Fall, 1952, Harold Nelson, President; John Bushnell, Vice- President; Kathryn Huggins, Secretary; Carol Wallace, Trea- surer; Sheilagh Brooks, Editor; Mildred Dickeman, Assistant Editor; Rodman Ash, Dick Shutler, Jre (appointed), Program Chairman. Spring, 1953: John Bushnell, President; Dwight Wallace, Vice- President; Kathryn Huggins, Secretary; Carol Wallace, Trea- surer; Sheilagh Brooks (appointed), Editor; Gordon Grosscup, Assistant Editor; Dick Shutler, Jro, Program Chairman. Fall, 1953: Dwight Wallace, President; Aenneth Lane, Vice- President; Rowena Mellman, Secretary; Patricia Cody, Trea- surerr; Gordon Grossoup, Editor; Sylvia Broadbent, Assistant Editor; Dick Shutler, Jr., Program Chairman. INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS The Kroeber Anthropological Sooiety P rs publish articles in the general fieTd anthropology, incluin those which it is difficult, for various reasons, to publish elsewhere. In addition to articles of theo- retical interest, the Papers will welcome descriptive studies putting factual information on record, bibliographies, linguistic texts and voca- bularies, and historical documents of anthropological interest. The Society is particularly anxious to publish student research papers of high quality. Papers will be accepted from non-members although priority will be given to those whose authors are members of the Society. iii Manuscripts must be typewritten, double spaced on good quality 8l x 11 inch paper. and on one side of the page only. Endnotes and bibliography should likewise be typewritten, double spaced, and on one side of the page; futhermore, they should be placed on separate sheets. The bibliographic form to be followed is that of the Society for American Archaeology, as exemplified in The Stratigraphy and Archaeology of Ventana Cave, Arizona, by Enmil We Haury. Further information concerning t eparation.of manu- scripts may be found in the "Kroeber Anthropological Society Style Manual for Authors and Editors," a copy of which is on file in the Society offieo. Authors wvill receive three copies of the issue of the Papers in which their contribution appears. Reprints may be ordered at a price of one cent per page* Authors will be charged for all illustrations to bo roproducod by photography which will oxcood one full page of finished copy. Whon noti- fied of the acceptance of their manuscripts, authors will be asked how many reprints they desire. Manuscripts should be addressod to: Editor Kroeber Anthropological Society c/o Department of Anthropology University of California Berkeley 4, California INFORNATION REGARDING SUBSCRIPTIONS AND BACK NUMBERS Subscriptions to the Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers is by membership in the Society only, at three dollars per year. Additional copies may be ordered at the following prices: Issue lbmbers Non-members No. 1 . $.65 $ 1.00 No. 2 1.00 1.50 No. 3 1.00 1.50 No. 4 1.00 1.65 No. 5 10O0 1.75 Noe 6 1.00 1.75 No. 7 1.00 1.75 NOO 8-9 2.50 3*25 The contents of past issues of the Papers will be found at the end of this volumne. iv PREFACE Shortly after Walter Clinets death, several students, who felt the loss Of his friendship even more than that of his guidance, undertook to .honor his memory by organizing a memorial volume to be issued by the Kroeber Anthropological Society. To this end, Arnold R. Pilling, then president of the Society, wrote to a number of Dr. Clinets friends and associates-invit- ing them to contribute to the proposed volume. The response was encourag- ing and within six months the editors had sufficient manuscripts in their hands to ensure the success of the project. The oontributors include friends from Dr. Cline's days as a student at Harvard and colleagues and students at the University of Minnesota and at the Los Angeles and Berkeley campuses of the University of California* It is their friendship for Dr. Cline which gives unity to the volume, not any set theme of subject matter, although a number of the articles inoluded relate to subjects in which Dr. Cline had some special interest. The authors may be introduced briefly as follows: Ralph C. Altman-u-Dealer in art, Los Angeles. Gordon T. Bowles-Graduate training at the University of Pennsylvania and Harvard; currently doing research on post-war Japan. Interested in the ethnology and physical anthropology of southern and eastern Asia. Chester S. Chard- -Ph. D., University of California., Berkeley, 1952. Interested in the ethnology of northern and eastern Asia and in Asiatic and New World prehistory& Carleton S. Coon.- Ph*D., Harvard University, 1928, now Professor of Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania* Interested in physical anthropology, ethnology, and prehistoric archaeology, especially of the Near East. Elizabeth Colson-Ph.Do, Radcliffe College, 1945, now at the University of Manchester. Interested in the ethnology of North America and of East and South Africa. A. M. Halpern--Ph*D., University of Chicago, 1947. Interested in the ethnology and linguistics of North America, Japan, China, and Korea. Clement W. Meighan ~m Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley, 1952, now Assistant Professor, University of California at Los Angeles. Inter- ested in the ethnology of Oceania and Australia. Douglas L. Oliver.~-Ph.D., University of Vienna, 1935, now Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Harvard University. Interested in the ethnology of Oceania and Australia. Ronald Lo Olson-.Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley, 1929, now Professor of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley. Inter- e sted in the ethnology o f North Ameri ca and northern As ia . John H Rowe---Ph.Do, Harvard University, 1947, now Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley. Interested in the archaeology and ethnology of South America. WrTilson D. Wallis.~-Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1915, now Profes- sor of Anthropology, University of Minnesota, Interested in general ethno- logy, physical anthropology and primitive science. Ruth Sawtell Wallis-Ph*Do, Columbia University, 1929. liitere.sted in general ethnology and physical anthropology* Frederick Re Wlulsin-Ph.Do, Harvard University, 1929, now Professor at Tufts College. Interested in the ethnology of China, Korea, and Japan and the archaeology of North Africa and the Near and Middle East. Many others have oontributed to the form and content of this volume. The editorial staff is especially grateful to Dwight To W,Tallace and Sylvia M. Broadbent for help with the correspondenco which this project involved, and to Nancy Laubach Freed for assembling the data for Dr. Clinets biblio- graphy. The biographical letter which Dr. Coon utilized in W11Talter Clinets obituary was written by Mrs. Horace B. Cline. Through the help and en- couragement of Mrs. Horace B. Cline and Mrs. W,Jalter B. Cline much of the initiative was given which enabled the undertaking of this volume. In this time of problems and efforts, Professor John H. Rowe was our unfailing advisor and critic. Financial assistance from the Waenner Gren Foundation for Anthropolo- gical Research is gratefully acknowledged. Through their generousity, the Kroebcr Anthropological Society has been able to purchase a mimeograph machine and electric typewriter. These machines have and will continue to facilitate the publication of the aars Sheilagh Thompson Brooks Editor CONTENTS Preface, by Sheilagh Thompson Brooks v WATalter Buchanan Cline: A Memoir, by Carleton So Coon ix Personal Reminiscences, by Ralph C. Altman xiii Bibliography, by Nancy Laubach Freed xvii Population Control andlthe Family in Feudal'and Post-Restoration Japan, by Gordon To Bowles 1 The Kamchadals A Synthetic Sketch, by Chester S. Chard 20 Clans and the Joking-Relationship among the Plateau Tonga of Northern Rhodesia, by E. Colson 45 Acculturation in Californian Awl Forms, by Clement We Meighan 6 1 The Relation between Slit-Gongs and Renown in a Solomon Islands Culture, by Douglas L. Oliver 69 Mioshie: A New Messianic Cult in Japan, by Ronald L. Olson 78 Eleven Inea Prayers from the Zithuwa Ritual, by John Howland Rowe - 82 Culture Loss and Culture Change among the Moomac of the Canadian Maritime Provinces, 1912-1950, by Wilson D. Wallis and Ruth Sawtell Wallis. 100 Hot Climates and High Civilizations, by Frederick R. Wul sin 130 A Dualism in Pomo Cosmology, by A. M. Halpern 151 vii ILLUSTRATIONS Walter Buohanan Cline, 1904-1952 facing p4 ix Manufacture of the split cannon bone awl facing po 62 Various metal awls facing p. 64 Sivai native beating a wooden slit-gong before it has been installed in the club-house, which is seen in the background facing p. 70 Ideal arrangement of slit-gongs in a club-house facing p. 70 viii WALTER BUCHANAN CLINE 19041952