Number 7, BERKELEY, 1952 THE KROEBER ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY PAPERS NUMBER 7 Tho Kroobor Anthropological Socioty Berke icy, California Fall, 1952 THE KROEBER ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY PAPERS Number 7 : Septamber, 1952 Published by the Kroeber Anthropological Society Arnold R. Pilling, President; Dwight Wallace, Vice-President; Ruth Shelley, Secretary; Albert B. Elsasser, Treasurer; Bernard G. Hoffman, Editor; Sylvia Broadbent and Gordon Grosscup, Assistant Editors; Rachel K. Eckman, Program Chairman; Patricia E. Cody, Suzanne Bessac, and Marie Page, Public Relations Committee; Sylvia Broadbent, Gordon Grossoup, Donald Lathrap (1951), and Patricia L. Kleinecke (1952), Publications Managers. Address all correspondence to: The Kroeber Anthropologioal Society, c/o the Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley 4, California. INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS The Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers publish articles in the general field of anthropology, including those which it is difficult, for various reasons, to publish elsewhere. In addition to articles of theoretical interest, the Papers will welcome descrip- tive studies putting factual information on record, as well as biblio- graphies, linguistic texts, vocabularies, and historical documents of anthropological interest. The Society is particularly anxious to publish student- research papers of high quality. Manuscripts must be typewritten, double spaced on good quality &1 by 11 inch paper, and on one side of the page only. Endnotes (the iii Papers do not employ footnotes) and bibliography should likewise be typewrittena, double spaced throuout, and on one side of the page only* The endnotes and bibliography should be placed on separate sheets. The bibliographic style to be followed is that of the Society for American Archaeology, as exemplified in The Stratigrap and Archaeology of Ventana Cave, Arizona, by Emi Jury Futher in ormatoaneonciernng the prertion of manuscripts may be .f6und in the "1Kroeber Anthropologioal Society Style Manual for Authors and Editors," a copy of which is on file in the Societyts office. Authors will receive three copies of the issues of the Papers.. in which their contribution appears. ]Reprints may be. ordered at the price of one cent per page. A small extra charge will be made if illustra- tions must be reproduced by photolithography* Vhen notified of the acceptance of their manuscript, authors will be asked how many reprints they desire. Manuscripts should be addressed tot Editor, Kroeber Anthropological Sooiety, c/o the Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley 4, California. INFORMATION REGARDING SUBSCRIPTIONS ]ND BACK NUMBERS The Kroeber Anthropological Society offers four classes of subscriptions to its Pe (), individual membership; (2), institu- tional subscription; (tJ7dual membership; and (4), honorary membership. Holders of class 1 and 2 subscriptions pay a subscription fee of three dollars per annum. Holders of a class 3 subscription (two individuals receiving a joint copy, but casting one ballot eaoh) pay four dollars per annum. Holders of class 1 and 4 subscriptions cast .one ballot each. Holders of a class 2 subsctiption have no vote. Backoopies of the Papers may be ordered at the following prices: Issue Members Non-members No. 1 * .65 $ 1.00 No. 2 1.oO 1.50 No. 3 1.00 1.50 No. 4 1.00 1.65 No. 5 1.00 1.75 No. 6 1.00 1.75 No. 7 1.00 1.75 iv PREFACE In this seventh issue of its Papers, the Kroeber Anthropological Society publishes two descriptive articles which it feels its readers will find of considerable interest. The first of these, by Kenneth S. Lane, presents an ethnographic description of early Montagnais culture as re- constructed from contemporary souroes. The papers constitutes an important contribution to Northeastern ethnography, containing as it does a relatively complete picture of Montagnais life during a period of time when the lontag- nais had not yet been driven to the wall by the crushing embraoe of the Whites. Two aspects are of great interests the description of the native material oulture, and the extent to which European articles had already been aocepted; and the great similarity of the :religious picture to that described in more recent times by Frank G. Speck's Naskapi, the SaHage Hunters of the Labrador Peninsula (1935). Mr. Greengo's article deals with the ecology of shellfish in California with reference to the native populations. After suimarizing the geographical distributions and environmental relationships, the author proceeds to survey the variant aspects of the aboriginal exploitation of this important resource. The papers concludes with a discussion of shellfish poison'iig, and its effects upon ancient utilization of the infected speoies. Bernard G. Hoffman, Editor. v ACKNOWIEDGE1ENTS W.slfe wish to offer our sincere thankrs to those whose names appear beloew for their generous assistance in the preparation of this issue of the Kroeber Anthropologioal Society Papers: Richard Bachenheimer Cherie Bennyhoff James Bennyhoff Sylvia Broadbent Richard Brooks Sheilagh Brooks William Burd Jack Bushnell Marjorie Cline Patricia Cody Lawrence Daw son PFranr Dodge Kay Eckman Vo.lma Evans William Evans Albert Elsasser Winifred Elsasser Gordon Grosscup Shirley Gudmundson Bernard Hoffman Kathryn Huggins David. Kleineoke Patricia Kleinecke EvelytL Lane Kenneth Lane Thomas McCorkcle Margery MoCorkle Thomas XoKern Rowrena Mellmann Harold Nelson Arnold Pilling Dorothy Riddell John H. Rowe Dick Shu'ler, Jr. Mary E, Shutler Marian Treganza Carol liWallace DwubGht Wabllace vi CONTENTS Preface, by Bernard G.HoCfman .o,. .e,...,...e..,Ov The Montagnais Indians, 1600-1640, by Kenneth S. Shellfish Foods of the California Indians, by Robert E. Greengo.............. .....63 Map of the lower St. Lawrence and surrounding environs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * a * * * . , v v * v . v . . 0O * * * . ; * .3 vii