AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL EXPEDITION OF 1913 or GET IT THROUGH YOUR HEAD or YOURS FOR THE REVOLUTION Correspondence Between A. L. Kroeber and L. L. Loud, July 12, 1913 - October 31, 1913 Edited by R. F. Heizer Archaeological Research Facility Department of Anthropology University of California Berkeley 1970 PREFACE There is presented here the full record, faith;l even to copying mis- spelled words, of letters preserved concerning the archaeological-ethno- graphic expedition to northwestern California carried out single-handedly by Llewellyn L. Loud, then a guard in the Museum of Anthronology then located at the Affiliated Colleges in San Francisco. The work was planned and directed by Alfred L. Kroeber (see Document No. 1) who was apparently anxious to secure certain information from living informants on Wiyot and neighboring Athabascan village names and tribal boundary lines. The name of Pliny E. Goddard is mentioned (Document No. 1), and since Goddard was at that time publishing ethnographic and linguistic data on the tribes of this area, it may be assumed that he had asked Kroeber to try to verify and expand certain kinds of information in order to fill out gaps in the information which were lack- ing (see Documents No. 1, 23, 25). Kroeber was, in 1912, engaged in writing his Handbook of the Indians of California, a monumental volume which was completed in 1917 but not published until 1925. Chapter 6 of the Handbook which deals with the Wiyot does not report data collected by Loud in 1913, but merely bears a footnote explaining that there are some correspondences and differences in village names given there with those listed by Loud whose report, published in 1918, is cited. Loud's information apparently became accessible to Kroeber too late to be used in the Handbook. Loud was not at all a formally trained ethnographer or archaeologist, but he was an intelligent person as Kroeber points out in his obituary of Loud which is reprinted below. In 1912 Loud had been detached from his regular job as guard in the Museum and assigned to make collections in Love- lock Cave whose archaeological treasures had come to light the year before through commercial "mining" of bat guano. The exchange of correspondence be- tween Kroeber in Berkeley and Loud at Lovelock Cave (or at least that portion of it which has been preserved and can be located) reads very much like that which follows here in Documents No. 1-36 insofar as Loud is continually com- plaining about being low on funds and Kroeber keeps insisting that Loud keep him better informed on what he is doing. Loud's continual plea for money and his failure to report frequently enough apparently so exasperated Kroeber that in Document No. 14 he says, "If you were no more remiss in sending in- formation than the University is in sending checks, I would be well satis- fied." The picture we get is that of Loud acting as he best sees fit under the conditions of discomfort and financial stringency, and Kroeber who is himself running a fledgling teaching Department and an anthropological museum on a shoestring budget and feeling (perhaps excessively) responsible for the efficient expenditure of scarce research funds. How much money Loud was given in mid-July, 1913 as an initial advance for the work is not stated, but it probably did not exceed one hundred dollars. On September 6, 1913 Kroeber mentions ".,.,.something like three hundred dollars, which are not yours, being sunk in this work which you are doing". Apparently the figure of $300.00 was the total amount available for the project. This figures out at about $22.50 per week for all of Loud's expenses including travel, equip- ment and food. Despite Kroeber's evident and oft-repeated exasperation at what he took to be Loud's failure to keep him informed of his progress at sufficiently i frequent intervals, perhaps (see Documents No. 6, 11i 13) because he did not wholly trust Loud to stick closely enough to the job set for him, each man obviously respects the other sufficiently to speak plainly, while at the same time making statements which, if not taken in this light, might be considered as downright insulting. Kroeber's letter to Loud of September 6, 1913 (Document No. 17) and Loud's answer of September 13, 1913 (Document No. 22) seem, after two months of wrangling, to have finally cleared the air, although the complaints from both sides still continue to cross in the mail in the ensuing weeks. This exchange of correspondence between one man in his office and another man in the field some hundreds of miles to the north, came to light in the old letter boxes of the Lowie Museum of Anthropology while we were attempting to locate the exchange of letters between Loud and Kroeber while the former was working at Lovelock Cave in 1912. It would be incorrect to conclude that any appreciable portion of the earlier ethnography or archaeo- logy of California was done by persons with as little training as Loud. Loud was apparently the only available person who could, or would, go to dig Love- lock Cave in 1912, a project whose importance Kroeber with his usual acumen rightly sensed. And the next year when Goddard needed certain information, there was Loud again available, this time with the extra and quite real ad- vantage of his experience in excavating and recording basic ethnographic information acquired the year before. Kroeber knew that Loud could be difficult, and even exasperating, but at the same time his faith in Loud as a person who could deliver the goods was not altered. And Loud did deliver, though it took him what must to Kroeber have seemed forever -- first his important Ethnogeography and Archaeology of the Wiyot Territory (University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 221-436, 1918) published five years after the fieldwork was completed, and in his writing the greater part of Lovelock Cave (UCPAAE, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1929) which was published seventeen years after the 1912 work at the cave and four years after his second visit to the site with the man who was co-author of the report, M. R. Harrington. There follows here immediately Kroeber's obituary of Loud which appeared in American Antiquity, Vol. 12, No. 3, p. 180, 1947. I got to know Loud well between 1934 when I arrived in Berkeley as a third-year undergrad- uate and the time of his death in 1946, and I agree completely with Kroeber's assessment of Loud as a person who "...earned the complete respect of all who knew him". Kroeber proved that, I think, by not rising to the bait which Loud dangled before him in the closing sentences of his letter of September 8, 1913. Robert F. Heizer April 11, 1970 ii OBITUARY OF L. L. LOUD by A. L. Kroeber (Reprinted from American Antiquity, Vol. 12, No. 3, p. 180, 1947) Llewellyn Lemont Loud, archaeologist and senior preparator in the Uni- versity of California Museum of Anthropology, died in Oakland, September 6, 1946. Born August 18, 1879, in Woodland, Aroostook County, Maine, of farming- stock parents of Scotch ancestry settled in Penobscot County (the name was originally McLoud), Loud graduated in the classical course of the Caribou High School at the age of twenty-two, being able to leave the parental farm for study only during the winter months. In 1901 he left home apparently never to return, and for four years wandered to the Klondike, Seattle, Brem- erton, Oakland, and San Francisco, as longshoreman, woodcutter, miner, news- paper deliverer,book agent, laborer, and janitor, interspersed by some months as student at the University of Washington and the Free Methodist Seattle Seminary. From 1905-10 he was pretty steadily registered as a special student at the University of California, and at times at the Pacific School of Religion as well, supporting himself throughout by a variety of jobs, including a janitorial one at the University. Loud did not work toward a degree, but took courses chiefly in anthropology, geography, and natural history, entertaining for a while the idea of going to Africa as a missionary. In 1911, he became associated with the University's Museum of Anthro- pology, where he served at various times as preparator, guard, janitor, and unofficial field archaeologist, or in combinations of these capacities, until his death; except for the interval 1926-31, during part of which he built himself a house, largely with his own hands. When the Museum was moved from San Francisco back to the Berkeley campus in 1931, Loud rejoined its staff. His archaeological field work was mostly done between 1912 and 1916, and included excavation in Lovelock Cave in Nevada; a survey of Humboldt Bay and excavation of a pre-contact Wiyot site on Gunther Island; and systematic exploration of four strategic mounds in the San Francisco area; Mayfield on the bay and Halfmoon on the ocean side of San Francisco peninsula, Stege on the east shore of San Francisco Bay near Richmond, and Glencove on Carquinez Straits. In keeping with his temperament as a solitary, Loud did this work single-handed. In 1923-24 he made archaeological surveys of Tomales Bay and of the shores of Clear Lake, but without digging; and in the latter part of 1924 he joined M. R. Harrington of the Heye Museum in the second excavation of Lovelock Cave. Loud's publications report on part of these several excavations--all in the University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology: "Ethnogeography and Archaeology of the Wiyot Territory," Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 221-436, 1918; "The Stege Mounds," Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 355-62, 1924; "Lovelock Cave" (conjointly with M. R. Harrington), Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 1-1839 1929. His results from Mayfield, Halfmoon, and Glencove remain in the Museum, undescribed. In the history of local archae- ological investigations prosecuted by the University of California, Loud's work largely fills the gap between the earlier activities of Nelson, and the successive later ones of Schenck, Strong, Olson, Wedel, and Heizer. Loud's professional virtues and limitations are evident in his monographs. The two -1- larger ones, on Humboldt Bay and Lovelock Cave, survive as fundamental con- tributions to the prehistory of the Pacific Coast. Loud was a rugged individualist. He went apart, made his own way, lived alone, never married, saw no kin for forty-five years. He pursued his ideas and satisfactions undeviatingly; if need be with stubbornness. He was humble as to his attainments and personality but proud of his indepen- dence; scrupulous, strait-laced, severe upon himself, passionate for the right. In public matters he early became and remained a pure socialist; in faith, he seems to have shifted denomination with the decades; he ended a Humanist. He asked a minimum for himself, never imposed or leaned on others, minded his business, fought only where justice was involved. Like every essential solitary, he developed oddities such as meticulousness and inflexibility; but never at the expense of others, or to the detriment of his own character or impairment of his judgment on fundamentals. He paid his way through life--probably overpaid it; gave loyalty and received it; and earned the complete respect of all who knew him. University of California Berkeley, California September, 1946 * * * * * * * * * * * * 1. Instructions, Kroeber to Loud, July 12, 1913. July 12, 1913 Directions for Guidance of Mr. Loud Field Work July-October, 1913 Archaeology: The only guide that need be furnished here is the general plan. We should like, if it is feasible, a superficial survey of the entire bay shore, with location and des- cription of deposits along the lines followed by Nelson, with occasional contents' samples. Secondly, an explor- ation of at least one mound. I will leave to your judgment whether it seems best to put all of the available time on digging one deposit or to divide it between two or three. Wiyot Geography: There are Indians at Bucksport, three miles south of Eureka, sometimes on the south spit opposite Fields Land- ing, a settlement about a mile from where the railroad crosses Salmon Creek, and no doubt at other places. An old man, Dandy Bill, has worked for me, and was recently recommended by Eureka correspondents as still alive. He is a personal friend and client of Geo. Knight, the lawyer and Republican politician. Failing to locate any old man, however, almost any middle aged full blood Indian would probably possess the desired information, which is essen- tially a list of permanent Wiyot villages at the time of -2- the coming of the whites in the Eel river section, with as close an estimate as possible of the number of houses and sweat-houses in each town. As supplementary date of value, I would suggest going over with the same informant the list of villages on Humboldt Bay and Mad River obtained by Water- man and myself. This probably contains some errors and omissions. It is necessary to distinguish sharply between permanent villages where plank houses of the Hupa type stood, and between occasional fishing or hunting camps; the latter, like all places, have names, but are not what I am specially after in the present connection. If you happen to do any prospecting in the Eel river section for mounds it might be possible to pick up an Indian to go with you and locate the old village sites more accurately, but unless this should be in line with your other work, and therefore involve no extra time, and not very much extra expense, a description from one or two Indian informants will suffice. Any additional information as to the exact spot on Eel river and its tribu- taries at which the Wiyot territory was supposed to end, and the Athabascan territory to begin, would also be welcomed. The same as regards the boundary on the coast in the Bear river region. Mad River Geography: This information desired by Goddard concerns the Athabascan villages on Mad river, from their lower limit, which was in the vicinity of the town of Blue Lake, to the mouth of Maple Creek. Goddard would no doubt be glad to have you go personally over this whole stretch with an Indian and obtain absolutely accurate locations, and count house pits. This would certainly be desirable. If, however, considerable time and expense are involved, you may be able to find an Indian at or near Blue Lake who belongs to the tribe in this section and can give you the most essential points of the information in an afternoon while sitting under a shady tree with your map and notebook before you. In other words, get the full information on the spot if you can, but if it in- volves hunting or waiting for an Indian for half a week and putting in the greater part of another week going over the ground, packing grub, and incurring other expenses which would make the total outlay run up to $50.00, or even $25.00, the information is hardly so urgent at the present time as to warrant such an expenditure, and the simpler course of quiz- zing an informant and corroborating him by one or two others will be sufficient. Use of Phonograph: I recommend this only so that Goddard and I will be surer to make out correctly the Wiyot and Athabascan names than your spelling would indicate them to us. After you have your information and have sketched out the village locations on a rough map, please designate them by numbers or letters to which your notes refer, and then get out your phonograph. - Speak into the machine something as follows: "The village at about such and such a location designated in my notes as -3- number 1 is called in Indian-" then let the Indian speak the native name into the machine, having him repeat the word two or three times to make sure it is clearly recorded. Indians in General: The work outlined above will bring you more or less in contact with Indians. They may be interested to interpret archaeological finds for you. Please note any intelligent informants you may come across, and enquire whether they would at any time care to make the trip here on our usual terms for visiting Indians, so that we can obtain phonetic tracings, or other information. There may also still be a few good specimens left, like the doctor's outfit I picked up a few years ago. If so, it will be enough to note in whose possession they are and at what price the objects are held. If you have any phonograph blanks left over after the geographical work and any of your Wiyot informants are will- ing to sing a few songs, it might be worth while as an extra as we have not got a single one from these people. We have paid from 10? to 250 per cylinder, but never above the latter figure. Please regard this matter of songs purely as an extra. References: I add a list of Wiyot Indians as compiled by C. E. Kelsey for the census report for the Indian Office in connection with land allotments. It is probably no longer accurate, but may be of service in helping to locate informants. For your general information I append also my brief article on Wiyot tales, and if I can find it, a still briefer one on Wiyot folk-lore. [A. L. Kroeber] WIYOT OR WISHOSK STOCK - HUMBOLDT COUNTY Eel River Ames Riley Tom McDonald and mother William Brainard, 3 children Andy Denmon and wife, 1 child Weaver Denmen and wife, 2 children George Miller, Jr. Mrs. Geo. Miller, Sr., 1 child Mora Miller and 2 children Robert Shakespeare, 1 child Long Tom and 4 children Children of Harry Billy Ed Coonskin and wife, 3 children Johnson and 2 children Dick Bush and wife, 2 children Linsey Brown and mother Clara Jacobson John Sherman and wife, 3 children Eel River (cont'd) Jim Prince and wife, 2 children Dan Prince and wife Theodore Long Sam and wife Charley Hennar and wife Mrs. Joe Knox Louis Toms Long Barber Toms and 1 child Mary Brown Mrs. Ward and 1 child Ed Buckley and wife, mother, sister. Bucksport Mary Ann Thomson and 3 children Jerry Jim and 2 wives Alec Sam and wife Winnie and 1 child Annie Nettie Logan and 4 children Indianola Mrs. Henry Brown, 2 children Mrs. Coonskin and 1 child Seymour Wright Mrs. Mollis Dandy Bill and wife Charley Shakespeare and wife Jack Gates and wife Della James and 1 child Wally Cavalla Ray Cavalla 3 Wright children John Knight and wife Mrs. Ed Kibby and 2 children Mad River Peter Brundine and wife, 2 children, Graven Kendsen Oscar Brundine Frank Brown and wife, 4 children Logan Bob Leon Old Tom Brown Kneeland Jack and Dan Ned Woodworth and wife Jimmie Barlow Jim Brock and wife Indian Bill Mrs. Dick Deaf Joe Hunt Mrs. Bates Ella Sam and Anna Leon Katie Star -5- Mad River (cont'd) Rhoda Harry Miola Brown Mrs. 0. Searson Mrs. Knox Joe Dixon Mary Bill, Mary John Lawrence Wright, Ollie Wright Cy Thomas Monkey Wrench Johnnie Gates and wife * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2. Letter, Loud to Kroeber, July 21, 1913 Eureka, Cal. Mon. July 21, 1913 Prof. A. L. Kroeber Dear Sir: I have landed and sat up housekeeping on Indian Island. There was a good shack that I moved into, can lock it up when away. Have landed 2 months provisions there. There are 2 mounds on the Island 10 1/2 and 18 ft. high as I roughly measured them. I will work on the largest. I have got $12.40 cash, but a considerable of what I spent was for 2 months provisions. Department expenses have amounted to only $27.30 in- cluding maps, ticket, hotel, films, launch hire, cartage and charges on 100 lbs. of excess baggage, and incidentals. I think I have got settled remarkably cheap. I bought 2 months provisions so as to save hiring a launch again. I figure I can explore the bay and rivers with a very small amount of money, but I would like to have more than the $12.40 cash on hand. I would also like to have $20. so as to make payments on 2 lots of land by Aug 3rd when the payments are due. While in S.F. I turned over all my own money and 52 cents of your money in order to pay a month ahead on 2 other lots. Can't you put in a bill for 1/2 months salary as guard right now & get the check to me in good season, then I can wait for my 1/2 months salary as excavator untill Aug 15th. By the arrangements you insisted on making with me of paying me $2.75 for some day's work & still another wage for other day's I don't see how you are going to get in the bill untill I send my accounts to you Aug 1st I feel I am entitled to pay on the 1st of the month but there are 3 ways of geting it that I can suggest (lst) pay me 1/2 months salary as guard now (2nd) put in a bill now for the whole month of July, with pay at $2.75 a day from July 17 -6- to July 31st and if that is incorrect, make the correction in the August salary (3rd) send me about $35. "expence money", and I can use $20. of that in making my land payments. Besides the $20. I need for land payments and the $12.40 cash on hand I would like about $15. for expence that may arise in exploration. Tide me over this month and I think I will have money to burn. Yours L L Loud * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 3. Letter, Kroeber to Loud, July 23, 1913 July 23, 1913 Mr. L. L. Loud General Delivery Eureka, Cal. Dear Mr. Loud: I have your letter of July 21, and although you do not say so, presume that you have succeeded in making satisfactory arrangements with the owners of Indian island. Please verify my assumption and advise me of their names so that I may be posted in case any question comes up. I should also like to know whether you intend to do your serious excavation or your surveying of the whole bay first, or whether possibly you expect to sandwich the two in together. I am dictating this letter from Berkeley and asking Miss McMahon to send it to you. I will forward you a check as soon as I am next in town and have access to my check book which will probably be in three days. You must, however, regard what I send you as an advance for University expenses. This is so obvious that I would not even think of remarking on it were it not for your suggestions to the contrary in your letter. You did not inform me what arrangements you had made for getting your checks. Whether the bank can collect same and immediately put them to your credit, or whether they will come to me as heretofore. In the latter event, unless I hear from you to the contrary, I will take for granted that you wish your personal check or checks forwarded to you in Eureka immedi- ately on their receipt by me. As regards your salary checks, you need be under no apprehension as to delay. Your check for your half month's salary as guard will automati- cally come to you as usual. I have already put in a bill for your half month's services as excavator during July, for sixteen days, and check for this should also be mailed to you by the University on the first of the month. This check will be an over-payment, as in making out the bill I neglected to remember that you were not working Sundays. However, I will rectify this over-payment by deducting from the bill which I put in for your August services not only the number of Sundays in August but also as -7- many Sundays as happen to follow in the period from the 16th to the 31st of this month. I will each month put in the necessary bill before the 20th, which, according to the Conptroller's office, insures your receiving payment promptly the first of the following month. This is as much as I can do for you, and I think should be sufficient. If you have any personal arrangement with your Real Estate agents which makes your payments to them fall due so early in the month that there is not sufficient interval for you to receive checks from the University, I would suggest your arranging with these agents that for the time being at least they accept your remittances say on the tenth of each month instead of the third. They will no doubt be glad to accommodate you in this small matter. At any rate, even if I were willing, the University would not change its established rules in order to accommo- date you in a private deal. I look forward to hearing before long something as to your results. Sincerely yours, [A. L. Kroeber] * * * * * * * * * * * * * 4. Letter, Kroeber to Loud, July 26, 1913 July 26, 1913 Mr. L. L. Loud General Delivery Eureka, Cal. Dear Mr. Loud: Herewith, a check for $30.00 as an advance for expenses on behalf of the University. Please sign and return the enclosed bill, and account for expenditures as usual. This should tide you over for some time to come. Sincerely yours, [A. L. Kroeber] * * * * * * * * * * * * * 5. Letter, Loud to Kroeber, July 31, 1913 Eureka Cal July 31st 1913 Prof A L Kroeber My Dear Sir: I have just returned from a 3 days hike to the mouth of Eel Riv. I took advantage of a launch excursion to "The Jetty" on South Spitt. I -8- tramped down the coast to the mouth of Eel Riv. I took in some of the sloughs down there. Got a free auto ride back to town from Beatrice or Salmon Cr. I had already spent one day tramping down the east side of the bay to Red Bluff, and also one day on the North Spitt where I went one day to borrow a scythe, and after geting over there I spent the entire day in tramping the peninsula. The mound on Gunther Island was covered with several years growth of wild oats and other grasses and weeds, some standing nearly head high, some lodged. I could not see the hollows or house pits and the grass was a nusance for surveying, so I took 3 days to burn the grass off. There are several shacks and fences on the mound, so for safety I had to fool around and coax the fire to burn when it was wet during foggy days, I have now got the mound all burnt over, have done some surveying and map- ing of the mound spent 5 days tramping and one day in the court house entering section lines on my hydrographic charte and copying maps with tracing paper, have seen 13 shell deposits and one village site without shell. Several others have been reported to me which I have not yet seen. Received letter of July 23rd and check for $30. In answer will say that regarding ownership of the mound, Robert Gunther is the only party that I have dealt with, or the only party that I have so far considered it necessary to deal with. It might be a case like the Nevada Cave of double ownership, but I considered it best to take trouble when they come rather than to look for them. As I understand the case, Robert Gunther, a very old deaf German, has been and is the rightful owner of the major portion of the island. He is the occupant of the property and has a life lease. Some time ago he willed or deeded his property to a niece now in San Diego or somewhere in Southern Cal. Later the niece wanted to get married but "Uncle Robert" did not like her pick of a husband, so attempted to dissin- heret her. The case was taken to court and he being deaf it was easily managed. He has the life lease of the property, when he dies it goes to the niece. The niece will probably make as little trouble as possible and patiently wait for the Angel of Death in this case the Angel of Peace. Regarding exploration, I want to do that when the sun shines so as to photograph and have dry grass to walk in. Expect to take automobile trip to Blue Lake tomorrow (Fri) (regular auto passenger service 50 cts) if sun shines and work farther end for a few days and return to headquarters. Will sandwich in balance of exploration as most convenient a day or two at a time, making some use of quite an extensive auto passenger service which is cheaper' than R.R. fare and cheaper than a nights lodging. Yours Truly L L Loud * * * * * * * * * * * * * -9- 6. Letter, Kroeber to Loud, August 2, 1913 August 2, 1931 Mr. L. L. Loud General Delivery Eureka, Cal. Dear Mr. Loud: I do not expect you to spend valuable work-time writing voluminous reports, but at the same time I must ask you to keep me more closely in- formed as to your operations and prospects. If you were a prospector and I had grub-staked you out of my own pocket, I would not figure on hearing from you until you came back with or without a claim. You are working, however, at University expense, on money for which I am responsible. Since you left here, more than two weeks ago, I have heard from you only once, and then mainly about money which you wanted. You state merely that you had a mound to work on and had made camp, and purchased provisions for two months. The nature of the mound, the prospects, its relation to others, division of your time between surveying and digging, and all other matters of a scientific nature and like bearing, I am completely in the dark about. Please post me on these points, and continue to keep me posted. I do not expect to interfere with your movements in detail, but as long as the responsibility for the general results rests on me, it is indispensable that I should have at least general knowledge of your actions, and a chance to approve or disapprove of your plans before they are carried out. Sincerely yours, [A. L. Kroeber] * * * * * * * * * * * * * 7. Letter, Kroeber to Loud, August 6, 1913 August 6, 1913 Mr. L. L. Loud General Delivery Eureka, Cal. Dear Mr. Loud: Your letter of July 31 at hand , and I am glad to say it contains much of the information for which I asked in my last. If you will add a little more about the general scientific features of the relation of the mounds to topography, shell contents, artefacts, and similarity and dissimilarity of conditions to those on San Francisco bay, I will feel I have my bearings. Whether you make a particular trip by railroad or automobile, and whether you walk the north spit before or after your tramp to Eel river, I am entirely willing to leave to your Judgment. It is the general lay of the land', both as for prospects and results, in regard to which I want to be informed. Sincerely yours, [A. L. Kroeber] * * * * * * * * * * * * * -10- 8. Letter, Loud to Kroeber, August 8, 1913 Eureka, Cal Aug 8, 1913 Prof A L Kroeber My Dear Sir: Got in town last evening from a trip to Blue Lake. Was gone 5 working days and one Sunday. The cost of the trip was:- Fare auto and ferry $ 1.70 Room 5 nights 1.25 12 meals 4.20 Indian hire at $1.50 per day, or 15? per hr. 4.35 5 days of my time ($2.50 at least per day) 12.50 $24.00 The results of the trip were: - 40 pages of notes, of which 28 pages were taken from 2 Indians with some other notes from whites. 3 phonograph records, one containing 18 geographical names of places between Blue Lake and Maple Cr. The other 2 records contained 46 names of places on Mad Riv. between the Ocean and Blue Lake I tramped with an Indian about 2/3 the dis- tance between Blue Lake and Maple Cr. One Indian that I worked with I could not get, to tramp with me, the other was not desirous of tramping more than one day, as he had a job diging potatoes, and it was unusualy hot weather. I considered the old fellow did exceedingly well to cover the ground that he did in the one day. We rode back on a work train. Another Indian showed me a few places close to Blue Lake, and I spent one day tramping about alone. None of the places that I visited were of any archiological interest whatever, doubtless being occupied for only one short generation if indeed that long, not long enough at any rate to darken the soil much less to make any deposits. I thought that I was being imposed upon when one Indian first showed me several spots. The river is in a canyon between Blue Lake and Maple Creek apparently undesirable for habitation hence thinly inhabited with but few place names. Place names are much more numerous from Blue Lake to the Ocean. The Athapascan boundry I would place up river from Blue Lake where the canyon begins. This placing may be arbitrary on my part, as I exhuasted every resource in quizing on this subject, geting nothing but general statments that Humboldt Bay talk extended up to Maple Creek and Hupa talk extended down river to and including the Blue Lake District. Visited the "arrow tree" it has nothing to do with boundaries, being only a place of prayer. Obtained 3 prayer sticks from the tree. I have gone into considerable detail, because I feel a little uneasy in spending 5 days and $24. on this trip. This is my 1st work with Indians and I do not know how much you expect from such an outlay. I am making slower progress on the exploration work than I anticipated, though I felt when I left the museum that the Wiyot territory was a big enough field for present study without spilling over in Athapascan terri- tory, but I suppose about half of the 5 days expence should be charged to Wiyot exploration. I will leave tomorrow for the mouth of Mad Riv., after several days in that direction if the present excelent weather continues, I think I had better take phonograph and board an auto and go to the southern extremety, Ferndale, find a place to leave my phonograph and work from that place as a center. After that I might find some phonograph work by coming back to Indianola and an allotment on Table Bluff. There are two or three short stretches about the bay that I want to go over and some of them go over -11- a second time but these will be left for short Sunday trips during the time I am at excavation. Received your letter of Aug 2, calling for more "copy", and my plans of working. At the time I first suggested Humbold to you I had hopes of geting enough material to make 2 papers, one on Wyot Geography the other a description of some mound and its archiological contents. One months work is plenty short enough time to spend on excavation, for a lesser length of time in a new region might endanger the value of some general statements and theories that might be made. These are the only plans that I am working on. Received check for $20.guard pay for 1/2 month of July, but have seen no check for pay for later half of July. I am confortably fixed financially for the present but would be in trouble if my full salary for July does not reach me by Aug 25th. The City of Albany a week ago ordered me to spend $60 building sidewalks, I have time to pay in, but I see I can not keep much of a bank surplus. In your letter of general instruction you asked me to "note any intelli- gent informers, and enquire whether they would at any time care to make the trip to the museum, on our usual terms to visiting Indians." What are your usual terms? Yours truly L. L. Loud * * * * * * * * * * * * * 9. Letter, Kroeber to Loud, August 12, 1913 August 12, 1913 Mr. L. L. Loud General Delivery Eureka, Cal. Dear Mr. Loud: I have yours of August 8. As nearly as I can judge, your trip to get geographical information on Mad river was successful, and the expenses not excessive. I could however tell better if you would forward by registered mail your notes, and also send, if you can do so with safety, the phono- graph records. There is no special hurry about this and you may prefer to wait until you have been able to obtain the corresponding information from the Wiyot for the Eel river section. But I think you had better send all this sort of information on to me before very long, so that if there are any important points left doubtful you will be able to go back and attend to them before it is too late. Your second check for July has not yet come, and I have notified the Comptroller's office. I am putting in your August bill now so that there may be no delay at the end of this month. Our regular rate of pay to Indians is $1.50 a day. If they travel away from home we pay their travelling expenses and board. As I cannot tell how many days each month you will be working at $2.50, and how many at $2.75 a day, I am putting in your bill at the latter figure. You can then make a refund for whatever you may have been overpaid when we -12- settle up your expense account upon your return. Next time you have access to the official county map of Humboldt, please let me know whether there are on the Klamath river any such school districts as Morrek, Metlah, or others with Indian names. Sincerely yours, [A. L. Kroeber] * * * * * * * * * * * * * 10. Letter, Loud to Kroeber, August 24, 1913 Arcata Aug 24, 1913 Prof A L Kroeber My Dear Sir: I suppose you are looking for a report of progress. Can only say that progress is very slow. It takes more time everywhere I go than I had figured on. I realize that my time should be divided so as to cover all the ground. I can not cover all the Wiyot territory and do the proper amount of excavation in the 3 mos. allowed me at the rate I am going, at the rate that I have spent time on the northern half. I have not been planing to make a present of my 2 weeks vacation to the Department. With the assess- ments on my property I will be in rather tight circumstances untill next July or after. So I need the vacation for myself and I feel that I have given the Department good service in the past and that there is no call for me to make any greater presents or gifts to the Department than I have already done, yet if there is any dissaproval of my actions in spending too much time in any particular way, I am able to settle the account by working without recompence for a time. Now to get down to my report; after coming back to the Island from my trip to Blue Lake I did not immed- iately start out again as I wrote you I intended. Several hot days at Blue Lake had put me out of fix, then it was foggy so I excavated for a few days. I have been out 10 days tramping Peninsula to 1 mile N. of Little River and up to Blue Lake, working with 2 Indians at the mouth of Mad Riv. and spend- ing 3 days with pioneers at Arcata. I think I am geting something of value from the pioneers, not by leting them tell storys and spin yarns as their inclination is but by choaking them off from their reminiscences, and pining them down to answering questions. I think I can see an Indian Geo- graphical-Historical paper in sight even sooner than I could finish up my paper on "Cremation" I am trying to write as much of it as possible as I go along. The country is dissappointing to an archeologist. I have found only 2 first class archeological sites. They are both on Gunther Island. A great many of the places to which Indians have given names have been occupied for probably only a short generation if indeed that long hence when they are pointed out by an Indian as places of former habitation the archeologist can see absolutely no sign of occupation at many of them. Others show a black- ened tinge to the soil but no depth of deposit. Still others show graves, house pits, broken and burnt stones, charcoal, chips of chert, a few scatter- ing shells or a depth of shell measuring a few inches in depth. On the Peninsula there are a few deposits measuring 1, 2 and 3 ft in depth. These are all probably not more than several 100 years old, the sites that are older being buried in sand. The 2 mounds on Gunther Island belong to the same class as the Ellis Landing Mound as regards magnitude. At the mouth of Mad Riv. there is a stretch 3/4 mile long that has been occupied the entire length by Indians at one time and another. But there is no depth of deposit, the occupation being shown in patches where the wind has blown off the sand exposing burnt rocks and chert chips. I spent one whole day on this 3/4 mile stretch and obtained 37 arrow-points spear points and fragments and 18 sinkers. The Indians tell me that the story goes that 500 years ago back at the time when Jesus lived there was another race lived there, then they moved southward; maybe they are the Mexicans now or some other people. There are several other sites that the Indians recognize as archiological and hence they have their storys of the "First People" the "Wonder Bills" etc. I will now walk around the east side of the Bay to Eureka and then spend a week or 10 days or 2 weeks as my inclination may be at excavation, instead of finshing up Eel River now. I will do this because I want to do some reading on the early history of Eel Riv. before I go there. I can do excavation work and have considerable time for read- ing at the same time. I want to finish up the Eel Riv. section just as soon as I am familiar enough with its history to start out. I suppose you would like to know what my seccess has been at excavation, but I will leave this for my next report when I will be on the ground, and will only say that relics seem fairly abundent so far as I have gone in opening up the cut, but I have spent more time locating the perimeter and studying its character by digging holes than in working on the cut. The edge turns up saucer shape E m marsh level indicating that the center is below sea level. Yours Truly L L Loud * * * * * * * * * * * * * 11. Letter, Kroeber to Loud, August 26, 1913 August 26, 1913 Mr. L. L. Loud General Delivery Eureka, Cal. Dear Mr. Loud: I am wondering how often I will have to hammer on you before you will send in reports of progress at reasonable intervals. It is now nearly six weeks since you went away, and in all this period I have had only one letter which tells of what you have accomplished and what the prospects are. You have absolutely got to realize that as long as I, as well as you, am responsible for the money which you are costing the University, I have got to be kept posted as to what you have done, are doing, and are likely to do. Please therefore regard it as positive instructions to write me a report immediately on receipt of this letter, and to set definitely a day on which you will write further reports every week thereafter. Sincerely yours, [A. L. Kroeber1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * -14- 12. Letter, Loud to Kroeber, August 27, 1913 Eureka Aug 27, 1913 Prof A L Kroeber: My Dear Sir: It is not quite the end of the month but as there is not likely to be any more items of expence this month, I inclose the monthly account. The second item "special ferry" was where I rang a bell for a boat early in the morning so as to catch the auto stage. As for the item "2 baskets" on Aug 20 I have not been authorized to purchase Indian articles so if you do not want them I can keep them my self. Alek Sam has an Indian boat which he offers to sell for $10 or $12 delivered into Mad Riv. Slough where I could toe it to Eureka by borrowing a boat. Mad Riv. Slough is plugged up for a mile or so, so the $2 extra is reasonable. What do you say shall I get it? As for a bill for wages for Aug I do not know what to put in. Full pay for 26 days at $2.75 would be $71.50. I have put in a bill for 13 nights lodging and 25 meals. I have carried my food mostly on my back and borrowed some quilt or lap robe or canvass and slept on hay. This is all right for some stretches of country but when I was in the town of Blue Lake and also in the town of Arcata I had to put on more style and eat from a restraunt instead of from my bag. On some days it was only 1 or 2 meals at a rest- raunt and the others from my bag. Again some of these charges are for Sun- day but then I always do a half day's work on Sunday if not more and am not charging you anything for Sunday work. I suppose 25 meals would be equiva- lent to 8 days full board, so you can dock my pay on 8 days if you feel that way. Received your check $44. ballance of pay for month of July. The check was dated Aug 14th. Hope this months check is more prompt for I have a note of $20 payable on Sep 10th with nothing to pay it with, though I have right now enough to handle all other obligations and expences for Sep. Yours Truly L L Loud * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 13. Letter, Kroeber to Loud,. August 30, 1913 August 30, 1913 Mr. L. L. Loud General Delivery Eureka, Cal. Dear Mr. Loud: You will kindly note the following and observe same explicitly: 1. Make arrangements that mail addressed to you reaches you instead of being returned as per the two enclosed earlier letters, and also that hence- forward you call for or receive mail not less than at least once in every five days. I do not care whether you call for your mail in person, send for it, or have it forwarded to you, but it must reach you, and reach you regularly. If you cannot arrange this to your convenience with the post- office, it will be necessary for you to see some private party who will act as your agent. -15- 2. Make the necessary arrangements either with the Western Union Office in Eureka, or with some private party in town, enabling me to send you Western Union telegrams and ensuring that you will receive same. If you are so located that it may cost a dollar or two for the messages to be forwarded to where you are working, make the arrangements nevertheless. 3. Send me a report of your work at the outside once every five days. As I have told you before, I am entirely willing to leave to your judgment whether it is best to reach a certain point by rail, or wagon, or automo- bile, or on foot, but I have got to know where you have been and what you have been doing. You must keep me informed of whether you are surveying or digging, and in either case, of the general results. By the time you receive this half of your time in the field will be up, and I have as yet no inkling whatever of how many days you have actually dug, how many yards you have turned, or what class or nature of specimens you have found. 4. Note that both the verbal and written instructions which I gave you before leaving called for you to do four things, and only four, and that I expect you to conform strictly to these instructions. The four things for you to do are: 1. To make an archaeological reconnaissance survey of the shores of Humboldt Bay along the same lines as Nelson made his survey of the mounds and sites on San Francisco Bay. 2. To excavate in one or two of the most promising mounds with an idea of obtaining as much information as possible as to its structure, and as large a repre- sentative collection from it as possible. 3. To secure the special geographical information on the village sites on Mad river wanted by Dr. Goddard. This work you report having completed, and apparently satisfactorily, but as I have written you before, I have no way of judging of the value of your information until you forward same to me. This you should do immediately so that if there are any further points to cover I may advise you in time. 4. To obtain for me similar information as to the Wiyot villages on Eel river. The purpose in assigning you this work was merely to save expense, as you are on the spot. With a proper informant this is an affair only of a couple of hours, and except in case of some special reason, such as your being able to find only informants who are unable to give proper descriptions, there is no reason for you going over the whole of the Eel river territory in person. In general I will say that you appear to be misunderstanding the situation very thoroughly and to be doing work which I have not authorized you to do, and which we do not want done by you. I know of no reason why you should be operating as far away from Humboldt Bay as Little river, nor -16- why you should be planning to work up a historical paper, or any other kind of a paper, except along the lines of work specified in your instructions. You must understand that while I am perfectly willing to leave details and ways and means to your judgement as being the man on the spot, that never- theless I am responsible for the scientific results of your time, and responsible to the University for the money which your work is costing, and that therefore I am not turning you loose for a three month's period to be free from my control and to do what you please. If you do not like to work under these conditions, which were all made clear to you before you left, you are of course at liberty to quit the job; but you will have to obey orders, and do so at once, or the quitting of the job will come from this end. On receipt of this letter you will kindly wire me immediately that you have received same, and then follow the telegram up by writing me of the arrangements you have made in regard to receipt of future mail and telegrams, and proceed forthwith to send me such a report of your work to date as I am asking for, and continue with similar reports at regular intervals mentioned. Sincerely yours, [A. L. Kroeber] * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 14. Letter, Kroeber to Loud, September 2, 1913 Sept. 2, 1913 Mr. L. L. Loud General Delivery Eureka, Cal. Dear Mr. Loud: If you were no more remiss in sending information than the University is in sending checks, I would be well satisfied. For that matter, if you had arranged to receive mail you would long before this have had either your check for July or an explanation of why it did not reach you. When your check for August comes I shall hold same until I hear from you along the lines laid down in my letter of August 30. Kindly note that if I do not soon hear from you there will be no check for September made out in your favor. Sincerely yours, [A. L. Kroeber] * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 15. Letter, Loud to Kroeber, September 3, 1913 Eureka at post office Sep 3 1931 Prof A L Kroeber - My Dear Sir: Received your letter of Aug 30th 1913 and note all that you say. It appears that you intended to use about as strong language as you could command, especially when you speak of firing me. At one time such a letter -17- would have cut me prety badly. You did write a letter to me while in Nevada that did cut me and I have realized ever since that I was not appreciated. I have felt that if I ever get where I will be appreciated I must take the trail that is now prety well beaten by such men as Barrett, Goddard, Nelson, Sapar and others perhaps that I don't know, all going away from the Univ. of Cal. You have never put me on a job, from 2 days at Walnut Creek to 4 mos in Nevada but what I made good and come home with good results, except 4 days at Presidio and at Halfmoon Bay and there I sent you 2 letters advising you to call me off. While in Nevada I took many extra pains going 6, 8, and 11 miles to mail letters to you. In your answers it appeared either that you had not read them or that I had written so much you could not remember it. If you are realy aware of what I have accomplished in all former trips I should think you might allow me to go it blind this time and see what results I could show at the end. I acknowledge I have been amiss in writing. The exploration work has been hard to report on. It would be either to copy off all my notes of information obtained or write a diary of tramping from Samoa to Elliser place on Mon from Ellis place to Arcata on Tu from Arcata to Lawrenson place to Winn place on Th etc. As I indicated in my last letter I expected some dissaproval and I expected it on the Little Riv. tramp too, but Little Riv. cost only 1 day and $1. auto trip one way, and as I wrote I am ready to give my vacation to settle such accounts. But though I expected some dissaproval, I did not look for such a broadside as I received, even threatening my job. I want to say right here that I am not at all cut by your reply nor am I in fear of loosing the job. I have lived an independent life for a good many years now, have received no help from any one, and expect to make my own way the rest of my life in some fashon or other. I am however be- coming a staunch Socialist and some of these days I may be elected to the Legislature or something or other by the rapidly increasing Socialist vote. I also want to say that I am not trying to write you a sassy letter, my feeling toward you is perfectly friendly, I only feel that I am perhaps misunderstood and not appreciated and certainly not getting the "full pro- duct of my toil" I think such a letter as yours needs some reply and I am trying to write in just plain language as you have used in writing to me. If it should lead to still farther misunderstanding I am ready to take the consequences. I will try in the future to send mail oftener but I consider once a week as often enough if it is regular. If I come over twice a week I loose a whole day because I have to come before post office closes, making about half a day each time. I can not afford to spend so much time. If you go to laying too much work upon me I will be only too glad to loose my job. I have had spells already when I felt overburdened with a sence of what there is that might be done during this trip if I have time enough. Now to answer your letter by numbers. 1. I had already had cause to be dissatisfied with the postal clerk and had made complaint before the. letters were sent by you. I will see what I can do. -18- 2. OK. 3. Already answered. It seems often to me, and I do not see why I should neglect work when work and results are what you want. 1. I do not know how much time Nelson took in his work of exploration. I understand he did some of it at his own expence, as I am proposing to do here, but conditions are much different It would take several sheets to tell what the differences are and will be told in my paper for publication. 2. OK. 3. If the information is unsatisfactory as I dare say it may be, further information is not worth the trip with other things that need to be done. I did the best I could and I can not do everything. 4 . This appears the most unreasonable of anything, to get a lot of useful information in 2 hours time. I know that you are more expert in getting information from Indians than I am I am new, this is the first I have ever done along this line. I can only say that any geographical information that I could get in 2 hours time would never be published over my signature. I would not put up a bluff on scanty information. While I feel that the work that I have done is very poorly done and only half done yet I think I can report to you that I have made an effort and that I have already got some good results both in exploration and excavation if only time enough can be found to bring it to some fare state of completion. Yours Truly L L Loud * * * * * * * * * * * * * 16. Letter and Plan of Gunther Island, Loud to Kroeber, September 3, 1913 Eureka Cal Sep 3 1913 Prof A L Kroeber: Dear Sir: I suppose you are anxious to know the prospects in the mound. I should have let you know what I had found before I went away on the last trip, but I was short of time before I left and could not run over the stuff to see what I had. I am not keeping any catalogue of the artifacts as they come out of the ground, the way I usually do but simply mark the position on the tag I put with the specimen. To date I have got I guess over 100 artifacts if I count each individual arrow point found in burials. The tracings show some of the types found. One new type is a clay and sand ball baked, they are all of uniform size and resemble 'a charm stone, I have a dozen of them. -19- Here is a list of some of the articles found charm balls notched sinkers grouved sinkers pestle fragments ceremonial blades (frag) stone adze fragments bone and horn chisels horn wedge bird bone whistles bird bone beads etc. awls and fragments 2 bone pendants 1 stone pipe 1 harpoon 1 stone object (see tracing) ornamented 3 messer beads 71 Total (besides there a dozen misselaneous objects and an uncounted number of arrow points and other objects with 4 burials) .-JA -;s5 A.l e$- O~t, C*10 A1-0qll '9l .. - / 0 .7 . i'S,/ 4/'I * t :06* a *. . 40.% *Pa 1. I~~~~~~~~~ \ t , I *c *1Z ,0~~~~o - 4,o C 14.. ., - rf . #. .' I I I lr 1 . I i V, J. e,, A.4 ot4 .2)7/_ {4ur..AurCAz~r2tcz4s : . 4. 4A va_ -. I I si : 12 T 2 4 IT 3 11 1 2 6 8 .N k4,1- - -1 - . S $ / ( V1 gu A. a I zt \ 3 c i N.. * z co "I n Q I F 1(. Letter, Kroeber to Loud, September 6, 1913 September 6, 1913 Mr. L. L. Loud General Delivery Eureka, Cal. Dear Mr. Loud: I certainly did not want to cut you with what I said, at the same time you have got to get it through your head that there are something like three hundred dollars, which are not yours, being sunk in this work which you are doing, and that the institutionor people who are putting up this money, and to whom I am responsible for it, are the ones who must have the say as to what is to be done with the money. This may or may not be good socialistic doctrine but it is the condition on which you went into the game, and your common sense must tell you that therefore it is only the fair, as well as the reasonable thing, to live up to these conditions while you stay in the game. You have occasionally done things in a way that was quite different from what is the customary business way, but in all essen- tial points I have always found that when a situation was placed clearly before you you showed an unusually good grasp of the fundamental business principles involved. If you will apply this same comprehension to the matters now before us I am sure you will see that my instructions are not arbitrary but reasonable, and that they were at least implied in the con- ditions under which you undertook the work. So much as to the ethics of the matter, which I have gone into because I want you to feel that I am just as sure that I am right in what I want as you are sure you are right in what you want. The business side of the proposition, however, is not whether you are right or I am right but that orders are orders, and that it is up to you either to obey them or to quit. You must see that for you to take the University's money on bills approved by me and then to disobey its explicit orders as transmitted by me, is at least a breach of contract and comes pretty close to being a breach of faith. I am sure you have not looked at the matter in this light, but this is the basic point on which the whole situation rests. Therefore it is not at all a question of whether my instructions are reasonable or arbi- trary but of whether you are going to follow them or not. Your letter of September 3 in reply to mine of August 30 shows that you still hold that you regard yourself in a position where my orders are to be obeyed by you only where you approve of them. This idea you have got to get out of your head absolutely and altogether. If the instructions I send you seem to you calculated to impair your efficiency and to spoil results, follow them any- how and leave the consequences to me. I do not wish you to construe this as a refusal from me to hear ob- jections from you. If I give you instructions which you, being on the spot, consider unwise, I expect you to advise me of your opinion and of the cir- cumstances which lead you to consider the instructions unwise; but I also expect you to follow the instructions to the letter, at least until I noti- f'y you that you have convinced me and that they have been countermanded. Kindly therefore re-read my letter of August 30 and note particularly the followi ng: Reports to be sent me every fifth day stands. If this wastes your time, the loss is on us. -21- An immediate report summarizing your reconnaissance of Humboldt Bay is essential. The information wanted is as to the portions of shore sur- veyed, the number of mounds or deposits located, the general size and character of these, the number of days consumed in this work to date, and the time estimated as necessary to complete same. Your data as to work in the Gunthers Island mound are satisfactory so far as they go. Please add however a statement of the amount of dirt turned, and whether you have found any skeletons. Your Athabascan geography of Mad river I must ask you to send on at once, including the phonograph records. As to Wiyot geography, do what I ask of you and send on the results. It is not a question of what you would be willing to publish over your signature, but of what I think I can make use of. If you are dissatisfied with the results you are obtaining along the lines I lay down, I shall most cheerfully consider any complaint or any proposition to enlarge the work. What I want, however, is not your opinion as to whether the work has been satisfactorily done, but mine, and this opinion I can form only by having the results before me. If an afternoon with an Indian is really too short a time to do this job properly, I will very promptly authorize you to put in more time as soon as I am convinced of this fact. As to wasting time going to the post-office while it is open, you will note if you carefully read my letter of the 30th that I suggest your making arrangements with some private party, such as a storekeeper or hotel, to call for and receive your mail for you and hold same until you come for it. This will enable you to get mail in the evening as well as during working hours. Your check for August has just come and I enclose same. Please return receipt to me. I have made same out for *66.00 to cover at your full rate of pay the whole number of week days in August less two days, being the July Sundays for which you were overpaid. For the present month of September I will assume that you are working all week days and make out the bill in your favor on this basis, unless you advise me to the contrary. If there is any adjustment to be made on the score of board, we can put same in to the October bill since you will be through and probably back here two weeks before your check is due. I hope you will take the above from me in the spirit in which it is meant and will not be upset by it, but I also hope that you will finally realize that I never had any intention of letting yourself or anyone else "go it blind" where I am responsible for the money and results, and also that you will understand that while nobody would be more delighted than I to have to send you nothing more than advice, nevertheless what I have been transmitting to you and herewith transmit to you are not suggestions but orders. With best regards and the full expectation that if you still feel hurt, a good face to face talk after you return will convince you that I am trying to be reasonable and fair towards you, I am Sincerely yours, A. L. Kroeber] * * * * * * * * * * * * * -22- 18. Telegram, Loud to Kroeber, September 3 (?) 1913 NIGHT MESSAGE THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY Received at: 9 Night Eureka, Ca Sept 3 1913 A L Kroeber Affiliated Colleges San Francisco, RECEIVED YOUR LETTER OF AUG 30TH OK L L Loud 1130 PM * * * * * * * * * * * * * 19. Letter, Loud to Kroeber, September 7, 1913 Eureka Cal Sep 7, 1913 Prof A L Kroeber: My Dear Sir: During the 3 days from Th to Sat of this week got the following articles 2 sinkers, notched 1 adz handle fragment 1 arrow point 3 clay balls 1 awl 7_bone or horn chisels 15 I did not send a full report last week, did not mention skeletons. There are 2 kinds of burial, burial in shell material and burial in charcoal. Have got 5 charcoal burials, the bones lying within a bed of charcoal and yet only a few of the bones showing any sign of fire and they only slight signs. Have just touched but not taken out 2 shell burials. With some of the charcoal was carbonzied five nuts and seeds. * * * * * * * * * * * * * -23- 20. Letter, Loud to Kroeber, September 8, 1913 Eureka Cal Sep 8, 1913 Prof A L Kroeber My Dear Sir: Got your letter of Sep 2nd this morning. I answered your letter of Aug 30 last Wed Sept 3 but that was one day after your last letter was written. I think I prety fully answered you at that time except for Indians names on the Klamath River. If there are any better maps than the Humboldt County wall map I have not seen them. This wall map is fully as accessable to you as to me and you will then have the information direct. You will find the county map at the exhibit room Ferry Building. I know of no further answer to make to you. I wrote you that I could get an Indian canoe de- livered into Mad River slough for $12 and that it would be little trouble for me to bring it the rest of the way to the Island. Is it worth while to get it? Now as the money question, it is now the 8th and I have not got my Aug pay and it is inconveniencing me considerably, fully as much I think as my failure to answer you. As I am working for the Univ. I do not know why I can not receive my check direct from the comptroller without the delay of having it go to S.F. and laying there for several days untill you have your office hours there. Trusting that we may soon come to a better under- standing, realizing that we are both of us only fellow workers and lackies exploited by the capitalistic system that we are under, I will close Your Comrade or as we Socialists close our letters, Yours for the Revolution L L Loud * * * * * * * * * * * * * 21. Letter, Kroeber to Loud, September 11, 1913 September 11, 1913 Mr. L. L. Loud General Delivery Eureka, California, Dear Mr. Loud: As regards your salary checks, the cashier tells me that as long as you are being paid on a special bill each month he cannot get your check out on the first of each month, but can and will do so within a very few days thereafter. The reason your July check did not reach you until so late in August was precisely because it was sent directly to you instead of passing through my hands. It lay in the post office in Eureka for some time and finally came back to the University. If it had come to me I would have kept a record of receiving and forwarding same to you and we would have got track of it much earlier. The check which you finally received in the latter part of August was a second check made out after the first one had been stopped. The responsibility for the delay is either with you or the Eureka post-office; certainly not with the University nor with myself. I note what you say about a boat. We hardly have room for another. The main cost anyhow is always the crating and transportation, which would run up to $50.00. We will therefore have to let the chance go by. I enclose a new copy of your bill of July 26 for an advance of $30.00 for expenses of exploration. I mailed you check for this amount on the swine date, which was duly paid by the bank, and in your letter of July 31 you acknowledge receipt of same. The receipt itself, however, has either not been sent by you or has gone astray. The bill which I enclose is sub- mitted for your signature in place of the original one. Sincerely yours, [A. L. Kroeber] * * * * * * * * * * * * * 22. Letter, Loud to Kroeber, September 13, 1913 Eureka Cal Sep 13 1913 Prof A. L Kroeber: My Dear Sir:- Got your letter of Sep 6th with check. By the way your letter runs I think we can soon come to a better understanding. I do not question the rights of those puting up money to get returns for it, neither do I question your right to give orders. And I might say here that your orders have never been numerous. My "causi beli" is realy because I thought that because I am a free horse to work, I was expected too much of. With the amount of work I have done the past 2 years and the poor pay I get, if I see anything that looks like crowding, the natural thing is to resent it. Now to get down to my report. I inclose on sepparate sheet some tracings and list of 27 articles found this week. Dug out 2 skeletons this week, the 2 that I reported last letter as having Just touched with shovel. One skeleton had no articles buried with it, the other had an obsidian blade and 2 abalone ornaments resting on the clavicals, the place where the general wears his shoulder straps, which the ornaments resemble in shape. Have got 5 cremated or partly cremated skeletons to date and 3 uncre- mated besides 2 infants and a dozen human fragments from near the surface. I note in your last 2 letters that you are anxious to get the full report on Athapascan geography with phonograph record. I was intending to have it ready for this mail, but it needs to be put together in shape to submit to Prof Goddard with map etc and I did not get it finished. Will have it next time if I have to lay off a day to finish it. As for Wiyot geography I have made 200 pages of notes and for an off hand guess located 75 villages and camping places. My stock of standard size paper is geting low. Please have Warburton mail me some more. I bought some note paper while out on the Mad Riv. trip Everything to the north of Eureka and Samoa is now thoroughly explored also south Peninsula. Table Bluff and strip to mouth of Eel Riv. I took a walk 1st Sunday here between Eureka and mouth of' Eel Riv. but I was too inexperienced to find anything because I was looking for signs such as are seen around San Francisco -25- Bay. At ,S.F. Bay you can locate deposits by shades of color, while here you can not for deposits have same kind of vegetation and same color as country around. Tt is harder to find deposits here for that reason and because of bushes or tree growths. There is also more water here, fresh water marsh as well as salt water marsh to go around, with the necessity of f ighting your way t hrough bushes. These are some of the reasons that it took so long to (1o the exploring that I have done. Everywhere I went it took more time than I figured on. Some of the shell deposits have proved very elusive. One for example near Arcata in an open field, I passed within a few feet of it walking the R.R. track and never saw it. Later a woman pointed across the field and said there was a deposit down there somewhere, again I went within a few feet of it on another side and never saw it. Again I got a report that it was close to the pig pens on the R.R. track and it was reported to be so important a deposit that my curiosity was aroused and I went there the 3rd time and found it. After I once saw it I considered myself a fool for not having seen it at first, but it shows that these places are not so conspicuous as they might be. I will take time and run over my notes and make a fuller report as to numbers of deposits found etc by next mail. I have not kept account of how many days I have spent in exploring but by going over my notes and financial accounts I can get a fair idea of how many days I have spent in that work. I should say off hand it has been about a month. When I first came here you wanted a general outline of my plans and then said that I considered 1 month as short enough time for the exploration and 2 months as short enough time to get a fair sample of what tile mound could produce, that is that 2 months at excavation is as short a period as it is safe to put into the study of a new field or archiology if the results are to be published. At that time you made no objection to such a devision of my time. If it was not for my past experience of taking more time than I figured on I would say that the Eel Riv. section and rest of the south end of the bay could be finished in a week. But it would be better to allow 2 weeks if the same degree of care is put forth as was done on the part already explored. I must say I had about as leave work as play, if exploration should be called play, but I have undertaken the job, and have become interested in it enough to volunteer to give my time during 2 weeks vacation, in order to have the job done right. If it was important enough for Prof Goddard to go over the ground that he did, it seems to me that this region near the coast is important enough to go over also. If it is to be a work of the same standard of excelence as Goddard's geographical work and as Nelsons exploration of the Bay it must be gone over personaly rather than by taking a few notes from an Indian. Humboldt Bay is not a geo- graphical unit without taking in the lower part of Mad & Eel Rivers that is everything that is shut in by the mountains and headlands. The linguistic lines of modern times conform to geographical bounds and these bounds would tenld to keep peoples destinct in ancient times as well as modern times. Al- though I give my vacation time to finishing up the job I can not afford to stand the extra expences that might result. My vacation is supposed to come the last 2 weeks of Oct. but it would be bad exploring with rainy days or rainy nights either to wet the grass or bushes. There has been several night rains and one day rain since I came here but I lost no time as I was at working, picking over a bed of charcoal so I spread a rubber blanket over the ditch and worked beneath it. My proposition is that 1 very soon finish- up all exploration and that I get Ry regular salary during this time, but that J make up for it by working the last 2 weeks of Oct at excavation. This -26- would enable me to work to the best advantage as far as the weather is con- cerned and it would also enable me to stear clear of the extra expences. I will say here that in looking over my notes this week I discovered a copy of Aug "expences" that I thought I sent you Aug 27th. I also found a blank receipt for $30 that you advanced and which I had signed but failed to get into an envelope and sent to you. These and the Aug vouchers I laid out to take today, but in hurry to catch a boat left behind. You will probably not think my Aug expences out of the way. I am saying this so that in ab- sence of the account you will not befrightened by any prospective Eel Riv. expences. Will send report on dirt turned in excavation next mail as I have not measured and got figures to give you now. As for your asking me to send on results of Wiyot geography, I hope you do not mean all my notes for that would seriously handicap me for I am con- stantly adding notes to the parts that I have been over and have to make constant reference to what I have already learned. It also means work to rehash 200 pages of notes to send to you as a report so that you would have a good idea of what I was geting and failing to get, and besides any such report would not be final but subject to change after I have got further information. In answering these questions it takes many words it seems to get nowhere. I shall make some kind of attempt though next mail to show you what I have done on Wiyot geography. As to post office send mail to L L Loud Box 86 Eureka, Cal. Have just got your letter of Sep 11 but your duplicate receipt for the $30 of July 26 was not in the letter. [FL L*Loud; * * * * * * * * * *[LL Loud 23. Letter, Kroeber to Loud, September 16 , 1913 September 16, 1913 M. L. L. Loud General Delivery Eureka, California Dear Mr. Loud: I have yours of September 13. I hope you will send the receipted bill for $30.00 the next time you write. I am glad you feel that we are getting together. I never expected any- thing but that we would be in full accord the moment you got it into your head what I really wanted. Your division of time of one month for survey and two months excavation seems the most judicious. What I was afraid of while your reports were so few and incomplete was that you were putting practically the whole of your period on survey, and that on your return you would have very little to show except geographical notes. If we were sure of being able to continue you for several years in Humboldt county work, this might be just as well, but as I am not in a position to forecast the future for more than a few months, I consider it indispensable that you should have a satisfactory type -27 - collection and a fairly thorough idea of the structure of at least one mound, in addition to your survey notes, so that we may have at least something from Humboldt county for the museum if circumstances should compel a change of plans or the discontinuance of work in Humboldt county. I would like you therefore to stick as closely as possible to your origi- nal plan of two months digging. So far as your vacation is concerned, please understand that this is absolutely your own, and that while we will gratefully accept your time if you voluntarily give it, I believe that as a matter of business the only right course is for you to try to do the work while in our employ along the lines that seem best for that period, and then to use your own time, if you are so inclined, in supplementing the work done while under pay. If weather conditions lead you to prefer otherwise and to get in now all the explora- tion possible and to make up later by supplementary digging, I see no vital objection to this, though I would much prefer to have you plan and carry out the work along the lines I have just indicated if it is in any way practicable. However you decide to arrange this point, I am counting on your getting approximately two month's digging done before you return. Now as to Athabascan geography, I must repeat once more that I must absolutely have this material at once. I have reasonable confidence that even though you are a novice you have been able to handle this job satis- factorily, otherwise of course I should not have entrusted it to you. At the same time it is a new proposition to you, and particularly the record- ing of native names is difficult without considerable training, and as you know, a great deal depends upon these names in such work as Dr. Goddard is doing. It is not at all unlikely that when I have your material I may see certain omissions or imperfections of which I could advise, and which with little expenditure of time you could remedy. If you sit tight on the stuff until you come back it will be too late to make any improvements. I pre- sume you have more or less general geographical notes, and perhaps a good many notes on the relations between Indian villages and refuse sites. As this sort of information is more or less extra to what I wanted for Dr. Goddard, thrown in as it were for full measure, I am not at all particular about having this portion of your notes. The particular information how- ever that I specifically asked you to get for him I must have immediately. If this portion is interwoven with other and more voluminous notes, there is no reason at all why you should not take off half an hour to copy out what I want, stick it in an envelope and mail it to me, at the same time shipping the few phonograph records which relate to the same thing. There cannot at the outside be more than a couple of dozen village sites in the tract which Dr. Goddard had left blank, and you certainly can copy out the names and of these and the essential points of their location in a time not exceeding half an hour. But whether it takes you half an hour or half a day, please understand that I must have this information immediately. I think you realize that I am trying not to be arbitrary, but on the other hand I must ask of you to put yourself in my position and to do promptly and cheerfully whatever I ask of you within reason, whether or not it is precisely what suits you. I think you will find that if you will exactly follow instructions on those points on which I give you specific instructions, I am perfectly willing to give you a free hand and leave your program to your own Judment on all other matters, provided you keep me -2 8- posted as to what you are doing, and that under such a course there will be very little friction, and your work will be able to go on very nearly along the lines that you yourself wish. When it comes to Wiyot geography, I have not yet been able to get from your letters a clear idea of what you have been doing, or even of what you have been trying to do. I have the impression that you have gone beyond my original plans and have been mixing, or have perhaps been trying to connect together the ethnology and archaeology of the Humboldt bay region. I am not saying that this is the wrong policy to pursue, but it is certainly not what I had in mind when you left, and I do believe that with your complete lack of previous ethnological field experience it is a dangerous experiment to embark on. At the same time such a combine of ethnology and archaeology is not in itself objectionable, and I see no reason why you should not give a part of your time to it, provided you do not use up too large a slice of your three months on such an experiment that may or may not fail. You are certainly handicapped by not knowing the ethnology of the region in detail, and that most of what Goddard, Waterman and myself do know is as yet unpub- lished. What I fear you have been doing is that you have gone ahead and got a lot of ethnological information which other people who have had more exper- ience with Indians, and who have operated longer in Humboldt county, have already got before you, or at any rate could get better than you. This fear may be groundless, but you will see that your letters and reports are not of a character to give me any real information as to what you have been securing. As I have not even got your financial statement for August I do not for in- stance know how much you have worked with Indians. You may have done very little ethnology, or on the other hand, you may have done very much, but you will see that as long as you keep me in the dark on such fundamental points I am bound to be more or less uneasy that you are wasting your time and our money. If in default of anything better you had taken only a quarter of an hour to copy out one page of your notes on ethnology or Wiyot geography and sent me same as a sample, with a memorandum attached of app- roximately how many pages of similar notes you had to date, and what pro- portion of the total Wiyot territory they covered, I should at least have some clew as to where you stand and then could either cheerfully write you to go ahead, or notify you where you were on the wrong track, instead of sitting here worrying and helping to make life miserable for you with com- plaints. As I said before, try to put yourself in my position and then do at least a minimum of what I consider reasonable, and I think you will find that on everything else I am ready to let you do what you think reasonable. As I warned you at the outset, the experience of everybody who has ever attempted geographical work with Indians is that it is an enormously time consuming proposition. So far as the completion of my Wiyot paper is con- cerned, all that I absolutely wanted was a list of the locations of perma- nently occupied villages on Eel river with their names. These cannot much exceed a dozen in number. If in addition to that you were able to verify or supplement the list which I already had for the Bay region, or to secure names and descriptions of spots other than permanent villages without getting into too many ramifications and spending too much time on the Job, well and good. But this latter was supplementary and contingent data, and it is necessary for you to hold it in mind as such and to keep it separate from thie specific minimum of Eel river villages which I required. Now. on this point again your letter leaves me away up in the air since I have not the -29- remotest inkling whether you have secured this minimum, and in what shape it is. What you should have done before this, and what I must ask you to (1o now in this connection is the following: 1. Advise me whether you have done the work to secure this minimum. 2. If so, copy out your notes on this minimum and send them to me, together with the phonograph records relating to it so that I can judge whether it is in shape for me to use it. 3. Give me an intelligible indication of what ethnological geography you have secured above and beyond this minimum. By this I do not mean only the number of pages of notes, but a guess at the number of localities which you have had named and identified; a statement as to whether they were camp sites or merely names of places; the number of Indians from whom you have secured the information; the amount of time and money spent on this work, and the general tracts covered by your notes. You will see that in this matter of Wiyot geography my concern is two- fold. First, I do not know whether you are getting the small quantity of information which I need for the completion of my paper; second, and more important, I do not know whether the geographic work which you have done over and above this is worth the time and money you have sunk in it. In general I would like you to realize that I am not complaining that your reports are too brief. I probably would not even complain about their being too infrequent if only you had put into your letters the information which I must have. It is necessary for you to try and realize how I am situated and what I am responsible for, and with this in view, for you to give me the information which, as a mere matter of business, I feel it in- dispensable to have. If you will do this you will not only satisfy me on those points where I regard it as absolutely necessary that I must be sat- isfied, but you yourself will work with much greater satisfaction because you will not be subject to constant disapproval. Please understand that I do not wish you to construe anything I have said to date has an unqualified disapproval of your work. Some of your work may have been unwise and unfortunate, or it may all have been best possible under the circumstances. My disapproval is directed at my not knowing positively what you are doing while you appeared to be indulging in more or less experimentation. I am perfectly willing to make experiments, and cer- tainly to give you a free hand up to a certain point, but as long as the responsibility attaches to me, you will see that I cannot afford to let you plunge altogether into experimentations. Convince me that you have done, or promptly will do the essentials of what I had planned, on what I feel is sure ground, and I will not be adverse to trusting you to undertake experi- ments during part of your time. Mr. Warburton is mailing you, as printed matter, a fresh supply of the perforated loose-leaf note paper which you took with you. Sincerely yours, [A. L. Kroeber] * * * * * * * * * * * * * -30- 24. Letter, Loud to Kroeber, September 19, 1913 L L Loud Box 862 Eureka, Cal. Eureka Cal Sep 19, 1931 Prof A L Kroeber:o Dear Sir: I made a hard contract last week when I said that by next mail I would send you a report of what I had done in the way of exploration even if I had to laiy of f a day to go over my notes. I have laid off 3 days in clean- ing up my cabin packing up artifacts and bones etc from excavation and arti- facts that I got in exploration. The floor of the cabin was so full of diferent bunches of stuff that there was hardly room to step between it. After the clean up and labeling I went at my exploration notes to make out a report to you, intending to send all the information I had gathered on the Athapascan area, written out in final form. Yesterday I ate only one plate of mush and a slice or two of bread previous to my 1st square meal at 10: 30 P.M. and yet I have not got out a report for you as you wanted. It is time to send you another letter so I must make a few off hand statements and let the report go for another time. I have located about 100 village and camp sites. 101 to be exact the way I have counted them up. You wanted to know the nature of these deposits and sites, I can only say that there are all kinds of sites, from big to little. Some show evidence of occupation for a stretch 1/2 to 3/4 of a mile in length. Others I would never mistrust of being village site unless they were pointed out by an Indian. Other sites I have not seen at all but took the word of some one, Indian or White, that they existed. Just what number I have actually put my foot upon I can not say at this time. I expect that by next mail I can at least send you a map of the Mad Riv. region from mouth to Maple Cr and also of the Fresh- water Slough region showing the location of all the village sites in those regions. The maps of these regions are nearly completed now, but still they are not ready to send to you. As for excavation on the mound, since last report I have found 8 flat notched stone sinkers, 1 clay ball, 2 chisel fragments. Total 11 artifacts Got no sveeltons this week but have previously got 8 burials and cremations but had not given a list of artifacts found with them, because I had not counted them up. Here is the list of artifacts found with them: Sk 1 - 1 maul, 1 adze, 1 blade, 1 blade Frag, 1 mess charcoal seeds 1 do. fine nuts, 1 mess Olivella Total 7 Sk 2- 1 blade, 1 pipe, 1 groved sinker; 14 arrow, 2 bone pendents, 1 mess nut beads Total 20 Sk 3 - 10 sinkers, 3 big sinker? fragments, 1 pestle, 1 spear, 1 flat bone Total 16 Sk 4- 1 blade, 2 bone pendents, 13 arrow, 2 red obsid. blades in grag- ments, 1 spear, 1 curio of stone Total 20 Sk 7 - 1 blade, 2C abalone pendents. Total 3 Total for aLl 8 skeletons 66. Total artifacts taken from the mound to (late something over 175 from a trench 65 ft. long 5 ft wide 5 1/ 2 ft deep. [L.,. Loud] * * * * * * * * * * * * * * -31- 25. Letter, Kroeber to Loud, September 23, 19 3 September 23, 1913 Mr. L. L. Loud 13ox 8 6L2 EIureka, Cal ifornia D)ear Mr. Loud: I have your report of September 19, with receipt for the $30.00 ad- vanced. Enclosed in the letter also were your voucher numbers 16 to 25, but no accompanying statement. Your report is satisfactory, and I await with interest its completion. I am also still awaiting your compliance with my instructions in my last letter regarding the sending on of the Mad river Athabascan data for Dr. Goddard. I will be glad to see the map of which you speak, but what is really essential is a copy of your notes and information as to villages given you by your Indian, with the phonograph records relating to same. This is really the only thing that will tell me whether you have secured what Dr. Goddard wants. My last letter has told you more explicitly just what I refer to in his connection. Sincerely yours, [A. L. Kroeber] * * * * * * * * * * * * * 26. Letter, Loud to Kroeber, September 25, 1913 Sep 25, 1913 Eureka, Cal Prof A L Kroeber My Dear Sir: I have your letters of Sept 16 and Sep 23. I have today sent you all my notes on the Athapascan area. Sent them by registered mail. Sent one phonograph record related to the same by Parcel Post. It is a relief to have finished it unless you send me back to do some more work on it. If I am to be used simply to fill in the vacancies of other peoples knowledge I see that I have a long lifes work ahead of me. However, I think that this is the last time that I will go out on a trip like this. I will want to know next time whether I am supposed to do one job or five. I have spent a solid week in working over my notes, Wiyot and Athapascan and every day has been a beautiful day for outdoor work. It is getting so late now that I am fearing nasty weather for finishing exploring, wet bushes and grass and fog if not actual rain prety soon. But it seems that it is more important to work up notes than anything else. I protested against the Athapascan job when at the museum knowing that I had enough work already, but you persuaded me that it would be a very pleasant trip taking only a couple of days. It has been very plesant, especialy having a 4th job added to my work, that of writing up the notes. In your letter of Sep 16 you fear for my lack of ethnological training, I wonder when I will be considered competent. I have studied Anthropology as my main study since 19U6. As for wasting my time and your money the $300 does not amount to much if it was absolutely wasted on an experiment. Every Univ. gives scholarships and felowships of $300 or $500 or more. The Univ. of' Cal. is giving one man right now a felowship of $1500 at year to learn a profession but if his experence is like others in the same department he -32- will earn his money before he is through with his job. It seems that the Univ. considers me worth experimenting with because it has put me at several jobs before this one. I know perfectly well that you can have only a poor idea of what I am doing but I should think that I might be trusted to do what would be considered a minimum by any one. You speak of the completion of your Wiyot paper. I am wondering if you are thinking of annexing my 3 months work to your "half days work with an Indian under a shade tree." I do not need to anex your work to mine I could publish if I am permited to without your and Waterman's "half hours work". I could publish if your manuscript is not published first but if it was published first it might be embarassing for me to follow. There are some points in your paper that I am unable to verify probably due to my inexperience in dealing with Indians. In answer to your special questions 1, 2 and 3 I will say I have not yet done any work on Eel Riv. or South East part of the Bay I have been held up by one cause or another for 3 weeks now and kept from doing it. No. 2 My work hardly fits into your scheme at all. I have not yet seriously made the attempt to identify your Mad River villages though I have located on large scale maps some 110 village sites. If I answer your No 3 it means a longer job working up my notes than I have already spent. Your respon- sibility for the $300 can hardly be any greater than my responsibility. You have made your reputation by past work, you are considered an authority in your profession and your Job is secure, while I have the reputation of being a crank and a fellow from whom it is easy to get a lot of good hard work for little pay. My responsibility is as great as yours because I am strugling to gain recognition. Have not yet got a supply of paper like this sheet that I asked for. I need it badly. As for the Aug. financial statement it is rather queer but it was all made out on Aug 27 but I failed to slip it into the envelope and the same thing happened again last week. Yours L L Loud * * * * * * * * * * * * * 27. Letter, Kroeber to Loud, September 27, 1913 September 27, 1913 Mr. L. L. Loud Box 862 Eureka, California Dear Mr. Loud: Yours of September 25 just to hand. The notes by registered mail have also come, and the cylinder. I will write you concerning same as soon as I have gone over them. I will simply say now that I can only advise you to do now what I have been urging you from the first; namely, to read over my first and last, and all intervening instructions, and hereafter follow them from the first in- stead of insisting on going your own way and arguing the point until it is almost too late to do what I wanted from the beginning. Certainly the last thing in the world I wanted you to do was to take a week of your time in the field and devote it to the writing up of notes. I asked you repeatedly -33- and specifically for a report on what you had done, and to send me the substance of your Athabascan notes. All this could have been embodied in an ordinary letter. Instead of this you wait four or five weeks, and then advise me that you have used a week of valuable field time in writing out what appears to be a paper ready for publication. Surely a moment's unbiased reflection must show you that this is a perfectly ridiculous procedure, and a re-reading of my letters to you will show that it is exactly what I did not instruct you to do. As to the information for my Wiyot paper, your present letter again shows you have either completely misconceived the situation, or that you have deliberately decided to do what you wanted in place of what I wanted. What your rights in this case are we can discuss on your return when we take up the belated question of what you owe the Department. So far as my Wiyot paper is concerned, I drop all connection with your work right here, and you will consider all instructions and requests I have given you on this matter as cancelled. For that matter I shall not waste any further time repeating on any other point instructions which I gave you at the outset and have given again several times. Your time is now five-sixths used up. If you do not yet understand what I want, or cannot yet bring yourself to do it, it is hopeless for me to try to accomplish anything further by correspondence. You have your orders and it is up to you to take the consequences when you come back. Sincerely yours, [A. L. Kroeber] * * * * * * * * * * * * * 28. Letter, Loud to Kroeber, October 1, 1913 Alton, Cal Wed Oct lst 1913 Prof A. L. Kroeber My Dear Sir: I started out on Eel Riv. trip Sat. 1st rain Sat night and Su., got soaking wet but it cleared off the most beautiful imaginable. Am making fine progress on finishing exploration got the name of location of 1st Athapascan village about 1 1/2 mile down river from Scotia. The one thing that wories me now is lest my money plays out. If my check is not sent by return mail please send $10 check on expence account. Yours Truly [L L Loud] * * * * * * * * * * * * * -341- 29. Letter, Kroeber to Loud, October 4, 1913 October 4, 1913 Mr. L. L. Loud P. 0. Box 862 Eureka, California Dear Mr. Loud: Yours of October 1 received. I hardly think your salary check will leave for a few days. I therefore enclose you a check for a further ad- vance of $20.00. Please return the receipt immediately. Sincerely yours, [A. L. Kroeber] * * * * * * * * * * * * * 30. Letter, Loud to Kroeber, October 6, 1913 Mon Oct 6, 1913 Gunther Is. Eureka, Cal Prof A L Kroeber My Dear Sir: I left here a week ago Sat. Sep 27 took phonograph, blankets, pro- visions, etc in a row boat and went to the South end of the bay. Slept in the boat 1st night as I wrote in last letter got soaking wet Sun morning before I could get to shelter. I had 2 rubber blankets so I and the phono- graph kept dry during the night rain. But I had to discard the rubber blanket when rowing so got wet. Sat to Indianola and 1st house I came to was Dandy Bill 75 years old (Bunner says he was 12 when he entered the harbor in 1850) I have camped on Dadny's hay now the past week, Mon. questioned Dandy, Tu and Wed took his team and went on a 2 day trip. 1st day went up Eel Riv. prety well towards Scotia and returned to Alton where we put up and wrote last letter. Next day crossed Eel Riv went through Ferndale to Centerville on the coast then back to Indianola. Th I went out alone exploring the south end of the bay. Fri and Sat questioned Dandy. I paid Dandy Bill at the rate of $1.50 a day when at his house. Worked 3 short days but Sun made up for shortners so paid him $4.50 for the time. The 2 days I used his team paid $2.00 or $4.00 in all. Expences were 6 meals for the 2 of us $2.10, feed for horse $1.25 bed .50 Boat hire will be $1.00 or $1.25 making the total expence of this trip $13.35 or $13.60 The entire Wiyot region is now prety well explored except for one short Sunday trip along by Bucksport and another short day to gather a little more information along by Samoa. I have already tramped by both these places but have missed some things I would like to be better informed on. Returned to Eureka today and stopped for mail. Got your letter of Sep 27. I know that you have asked me "repeatedly and specifically for a renort", and I kept con- tinually trying to report, at the same time saying that it was difficult to convey to you any very exact idea of what I was going. Because of your con- tinued urging for a report it seemed absolutely necessary for me to spend a week rewriting my notes. By doing so I took a desperite chance of runing foul of bad weather for exploration. As it is I have come out better than I expected. The exploration was done up in half of the time I expected though -35- I found my informant very slow. so I lost time with him. I feel confident that the geographical information that I have gathered will stand all the test of the most searching criticism that can be brought against it, ex- cepting of course the spelling of the Indian names, and even there I have nothing to be ashamed of. I feel that I owe nothing more to the Depart- ment than I have been giving. I know that I have been giving good service, though I have been placed in a very trying position, and I am ready to take the consequences for my good service when I come back to the museum. It is too late in the day to make out a statement of expences for the month of Sep. I had to return to Eureka to give up the boat I hired for the week. Bill for boat $1.00 It was the best scheme out hiring the boat as a time saver as well as expence saver. Got your letter and check for $20.00 by latest mail, the ship passed me on the way up the bay. Yours Truly [L L Loud] * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 31. Letter, Loud to Kroeber, October 11, 1913 Eureka Cal Oct 11, 1913 Prof A L Kroeber My Dear Sir: I have forgotten but I believe I have reported about 175 artifacts. Previous to going to Eel Riv. I got 5 artifacts that I don't think I re- ported. I got back from my trip Mon night just as it began raining. Rained Mon night Tu and Tr night, then cleared off to beautiful weather. During 3 days work Wed Th and Fri of this week got 23 artifacts. With the 5 other unreported they include: - 6 clay balls 2 sinkers 3 Pes. Frag. 1 moul Frag. 3 awls 8 chisels and wedges 2 fish hooks 1 bone bead 1 Olivella shell j Perforated bone 28 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * -36- 32. Letter, Loud to Kroeber, October 14, 1913 Tu. evening Oct 14, 1913 Gunther Is. Eureka Cal Prof A L Kroeber My Dear Sir: Past 3 days, Sat (part of a day) Mon and Tu have been working in the lower depths of my cut and there is very decided drop in number of arti- facts. Chisels or gouges 5 Sinkers 2 Point ? i ) Olivella 2 ) perhaps not intended for artifacts. Sting Ray awl 1 ) 11 150 ft from the center of the mound the depth of deposit is 8 ft 8 inches and 215 ft. from center depth of deposit is 5 ft 6 inches. * * * * * * * * * * * * * 33. Letter, Loud to Kroeber, October 20, 1913 Prof A. L. Kroeber My Dear Sir: Since last report I have found the folloN grouved sinker 1 clay balls 5 flat sinker 8 moul Frag 2 pestle frag. 2 ceremonial knives 5 arrow 1 awl 1 chisels & gouges 7 whistles 2+ fish ripper 1 Olivella beads 1 fine nut beads 1 seed beads 1 abalone pendent 1 abalone messes 2 charcoal basketry 1 Gunther Island, Eureka Oct 20, 1913 wing 22 of these artifacts were found in 4 or 5 messes of charcoal where bodies had been cremated. 20 articleswere found scattering, without any relation to charcoal beds so far as could be seen. The upper 4 or 5 ft of the mound is very rich in artifacts, while the bottom is more larely sand with thin streaks of shell. The bottom of the mound was probably deliberately built up with sand so as to make land high and dry. Weather continues fine and there seems to be little chance of there being more than one rainy day in a week -37- for a month to come. Considering the luck I am having it might be to the advantage of the museum to extend my time here. If my time is extended I can almost guarantee 50 artifacts a week by working only the upper 4 ft and by caving in with a pick axe from the side of the trench and then root- ing the dirt back with a shovel instead of throwing it out of the trench. I have not yet begun to cave in any but would not be surprised to find 100 articles a week by the prossess I speak of. If there should come a heavy and continuous rain I have the advantage of having all my stuff under a good roof. It is not like geting drounded out in a tent then waiting to dry out in order to pack up and move. I can pack up get a launch and get aboard a ship in any kind of rain storm. Further work here could never be done to better advantage than right now. Yours Truly [L L Loud] * * * * * * * * * * * * * 34. Letter, Kroeber to Loud, October 23, 1913 October 23, 1913 Mr. L. L. Loud Box 862 Eureka, California Dear Mr. Loud: I have yours of October 20. You will have to be back here the last day of this month. We have no money for further exploration, no matter how good the prospects, and if we did have the money, I should not be able to make arrangements for a substitute, as Juan Dolores will be otherwise occupied beginning November 1st. Sincerely yours, [A. L. Kroeber] * * * * * * * * * * * * * 35. Letter, Loud to Kroeber, October 25, 1913 Gunther Is. Eureka Cal Oct 25, 1913 Prof A L Kroeber: My Dear Sir Have found the digging unusually good this week so I have kept digging down rather than beginning to cave in the sides of the trench. During 5. days Mon to Fri got 73 articles large clay balls 19 (new type in regard to size) small clay balls 12 flat sinkers 5 ceremonial blades 3 (broken into several pieces) new type sinkers 1 arrows 17 maul Frag 1 bone pendents 2 (1 perfect with ornamental marks) gouges and chisels 12 mess of nut beads 1 73 -38- According to agreement with Mr. Gunther I am to fill up the trench and if I am to be back to the Museum 1st of Nov I should have begun to cave in the trench this week, but with such luck I could not stop digging. I am realy counting on you to extend my time a couple of weeks if not a whole month, in view of the luck I am having and the prospects in sight. In cutting my trench I have kept the walls vertical though I cut straight through char- coal beds filled with artifacts, half of the charcoal bed perhaps being outside of the trench. There are nearly a dozen of these beds where part of the charcoal likes outside of the trench so you can see for yourself that it means considerable more work to simply worm into the bank at these places and dig out the charcoal and sift it. It means that one or two hundred or more artifacts are in sight from this source. Then by using a pick and caving in I would doubtless find more charcoal beds. Then the ordinary shell material is rich in artifacts. Of the 73 articles obtained this week, 50 articles were in association with charcoal beds (cremated bodies) and 23 articles scattered in the shell material If weather con- tinues good I would not be surprised if I could get 500 articles during the next 3 weeks by caving in, which would be more than all that I have got to date. These figures I consider as conservative and not exagerations if I have good weather. If the charcoal beds should get soaking wet of course it would be slower and more difficult to extract the artifacts but in view of the prospects, it would seem that we ought to take a gambling chance on the weather. I do not consider it a matter of gambling so far as luck is concerned. I have learned the lay of the land well enough to predict with a good degree of certainty that certain ground will produce a good number of artifacts. It might be that we could afford to take a chance of having 4 or 5 days of good weather per week for a month to come and that I could get enough artifacts during working days to more than make up for lost time during bad weather. However this is a matter for you to decide, and at any rate an extention of 2 weeks at a time is enough then if results warrent time could be extended again for another 2 weeks, but I would consider it almost a crime not to continue work until the middle of Nov. It is now too late for you to get answer to me by mail so if you decide to keep me here longer you might telegraph to me. Yours Truly [L L Loud] * * * * * * * * * * * * * 36. Telegram, Loud to Kroeber, October 31, 1913 NIGHT MESSAGE THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY Received at: 7 Nite Eureka, Cal Oct 31, 1913 Museum Affiliated Colleges San Francisco ABSOLUTELY IMPOSSIBLE TO MAKE CONNECTION COME TUESDAY Loud 535 PM * * * * * * * * *- * * * * -39-