9

A CENTER OF CERAMIC
PRODUCTION IN PTOLEMAIC ATHRIBIS

KAROL MYSLIWIEC AND ANNA POLUDNHIKEWICZ

The area surrounding the hill Kom Sidi Youssuf at Tell Atrib, an eastern sub-
urb of Benha (50 kms north of Cairo), upon which modem buildings are supposed to
be erected in the immediate future, was the object of geophysical examinations and
archaeological soundings carried out by the Polish Center of Mediterranean Archaeol-
ogy of the Warsaw University in Cairo in 1985.1 These rescue works, answering an
appeal of the Egyptian Antiquities Organization, revealed the existence of archaeo-
logical remains which preserve parts of the Ptolemaic, Roman, and Byzantine town of
Athribis.2 Considering the necessity of systematic excavations at this site, a joint
Polish-Egyptian archaeological mission has been pursuing work from 1986 until now.3

In the eastern part of the excavated area there are predominantly Roman con-
structions, including a villa, store rooms, workshops, and a canal system (Leclant and
Clerc 1988, 314, pls. VIII-X; idem 1991, 168; Mysliwiec and Rageb 1992, 407-413;
Mysliwiec 1990b, 7-8; idem 1991, 25-26,30). Rich numismatic material belonging to
this archaeological context betrays a particularly vivid building activity in the time of
the Antonines, i.e., in the first half of the second century A.D. Early Byzantine mudbrick
constructions have been unearthed in the area's northeastern part (Leclant and Clerc
1990, 345; idem 1991, 168, pl. XXXV, fig. 12; Mysliwiec and Rageb 1992, 410-13;
Mysliwiec 1990b, 7-8; idem 1991, 25-26); whereas its western sector, adjoining the
Kom Sidi Youssuf on the latter's southwest side, preserves Ptolemaic strata in an al-
most undisturbed state, i.e., without later intrusions (Leclant and Clerc 1989, 346, pls.
XXI-XXTI; idem 1990, 344-45, pls. XIX-XX; idem 1991,167-68, pI. XXXIV, XXXV,
fig. l1; Mysliwiec and Rageb 1992, 394-405; Mysliwiec 1990b, 7-8; idem 1991,26-30;
cf. above n. 2). Our discoveries made in this sector appear to be particularly important
for the study of Egyptian pottery.

A clear stratigraphy of the Ptolemaic quarter comprises the following layers,
which could be dated on the basis of numismatic materials:

a)  early Ptolemaic constructions (third century, possibly even the

end of the fourth century, to the beginning of the second century B.C.);

134    Egyptian Pottery

b)  a layer of ashes bearing witness to a general destruc-

tion, which must have taken place close to the reign of
Ptolemy V and may coincide with the date of the sixth
Syrian war (170-68 B.C.);

c)  a stratum of mud- and red-brick constructions con-

taining almost exclusively coins of Ptolemy VI among
its rich numismatic material, and thus corresponding to a
period of intense architectural activity during his reign
and later in the second half of the second century B.C.;

d) a thick layer of late Ptolemaic constructions, compris-

ing the period from the late second half of the second
century B.C. to the beginning of the first century A.D. The
upper part of this stratum, lying immediately under the
present surface of this area, contains mixed materials in-
cluding Ptolemaic, Roman, Byzantine, and Early Arabic
artifacts.

Our strata b and c divided the archaeological context of the Ptolemaic period
into two general groups corresponding to the first and second halves of this period.
The strata a, b, and c reveal no or almost no intrusions of later materials, whereas in
stratum d objects dating from earlier periods are found as well, and the chronological
homogeneity of this material progressively diminishes towards the top of the stratum.

From the very beginning of the Ptolemaic period, perhaps even as early as the
end of the Dynastic period (Thirtieth Dynasty), to the beginning of the first century
A.D., this district was a center of ceramic production. The occurrence of some molds
used for producing the characteristic late Roman-early Byzantine "frog lamps" may
indicate that there were workshops continuing this tradition until the fourth-fifth cen-
turies A.D. Our hypothesis remains an open question, however, since the archaeologi-
cal strata corresponding to this late period were not actually preserved in this area.

Almost all Ptolemaic constructions unearthed in this part of Athribis are built
of mudbrick, and this is the reason why only the lower parts of their walls are pre-
served. Remains of numerous small kilns in every stratum are a characteristic feature
of this quarter. They are most frequently of circular shape, and their state of preserva-
tion varies but is generally quite poor. Sometimes, particularly in the lowest strata,
large circular areas filled with ashes, red gravel, and petrified lime are the only visible
traces of their existence. In other cases, especially in the upper strata (plates 9.1-3),
the lower parts of their walls, including a horizontal vent, are preserved. Some of the
kilns are fortified with mud-brick walls adjoining the kiln on its three sides, leaving
the front open. The kilns' archaeological context identifies their use for firing various
ceramic products modeled in local workshops-mainly pottery, but also terra-cotta
figurines and oil lamps.

In the lowest Ptolemaic stratum, the remains of kilns are accompanied by
wasters in the forms of handle, rim, and body fragments, which are distorted, burst, or
discolored (overfired), and which most frequently belong to large cylindrical amphorae
made of yellowish, pinkish, or greenish marl clay (cf. Mysliwiec 1987, 60-62, pI. XI[,

fig. 3-5). Another ware found with these fragments is represented by thick sherds of
storage vessels made of Nile silt containing many inclusions, fired to a red-brownish
color, and having a layer of compact, well-burnished red slip on the outer face.

Ptolemaic Athribis   135

Plate 9.1 Ptolemaic constructions in Tell Atrib (after excavations in 1989). View from
the south.

The lowest strata to the south of the Ptolemaic quarter, underlying
mid-Ptolemaic mud-brick walls, contained large deposits of unfired pottery (fig. 9.1,
plate 9.4) in the vicinity of some relatively well-preserved kilns. For the sake of
exploring the kilns, the later walls have been dismantled. Coins of Ptolemy II and
Ptolemy III were found among the unfired pots. These deposits contained a large
number of bowls with ring bases and incurved rims, as well as some vessels of closed
forms, such as globular pots and large amphorae or jugs, a handle of which was found
in this material. The bowls (plates 9.4-6) are imitations of a type widely distributed
throughout the Hellenistic world and are among the most frequently occurring shapes
in our ceramic materials of Ptolemaic date. The inner surface of the unfired speci-
mens is often covered with a thin layer of pale yellow slip, which sometimes also

136   Egyptian Pottery

Plate 9.2 Ptolemaic constructions: workshops on the south side and a bath complex from

the time of Ptolemy VI on the north side (after excavations in 1989).

Plate 9.3 Bath complex from the time of Ptolemy VI (after excavations in 1990).

Ptolemaic Athribis   137

X.AI Azlrib - 1990-

aj  ; -   Places exploracd earlier

. Places to be explored

Figure 9.1 Deposit of clay bowls prepared for firing, unearthed near Early Ptolemaic

kilns, third century B.C.

138   Egyptian Pottery

Plate 9.4 Deposit of clay bowls prepared for firing. Third century B.C.

Plate 9.5 Unfired bowl from the deposit.

Ptolemaic Athribis   139

<   > >           <    >  x X  +  >  x  < s  >

s       s X  v  ^  's  v      v v,,  ^  w v ,

v v z v w S s v v w _

a, , < X
* < w > x e s<re

* -sK

^ V -

s svv       w     l
e , s
s @ <

V E _ j

+ *

ss |

t

< >

I-

V w I

V w t

sw __

Plate 9.6 Base of unfired bowl from the deposit.

extends over the upper part of the exterior surface. In the process of firing, this substance
visibly changed its color to red, since many final products of the same kind have a
burnished red slip on their surface. These bowls are usually made of rough Nile silt
containing many inclusions. Some of them, fired in a reduced atmosphere, have a
black or black-grayish body and the same slip color. Bowls of this form were pro-
duced in Athribis throughout the Ptolemaic period. The fmest examples of this kind
bear a stamped decoration, composed of palmate and roulette patterns, on their bottom.

In the context of such deposits, as well as in higher strata of the Ptolemaic
quarter, other objects belonging to pottery workshops have been found. Among them
were pigments in various stages of prefabrication (from mineral clods to a plaster
elaborated in small bowls), as well as weights made of various materials, such as
stone, metal, and clay. Particularly popular were terra-cotta weights of oval shape
with a hole in their middle part (plates 9.7-8). They are concave on one side and
convex on the other; some are covered with red slip. Several thick circular weights
with two small holes in their body (plate 9.9) were found beside one of the earliest
Ptolemaic kilns, in the northern part of this district.

Close to the latter kiln was a deposit of clay, in which the head of a modeled,
but not yet fired, terra-cotta figurine came to light (plates 9.10-11; Leclant and Clerc
1991, 167, pI. XXXV, fig. 11; Mygliwiec 1991, 28; Mysliwiec and Szymanska 1992,
115-17, figs. 1-2). It depicts an old woman whose face, rendered naturalistically, is
endowed with dramatic expression. Its artistic maturity, observable also in the shape
of the cranium, denotes the activity of an outstanding coroplast in Athribis in the third
century B.c. Local production of terracottas is confirmed by some fragments of wasted

140    Egyptian Pottery

figurines, among which is another head of a female, flred with a stone sticking in her
distorted mouth. Its size (height 3.8 cm) conforms to the dimensions of the previous
head. Another terra-cotta piece with stylistic affinities to the same early Ptolemaic
"school," and found in the same deep stratum, is a miniature portrait of an old woman
accompanied by a figurine of Anubis (plate 9.12). All three pieces are hand modeled,
while a great majority of later Ptolemaic terra-cotta pieces are cast in molds.

Among the other remarkable works of Early Ptolemaic coroplasts that are
found in Athribis is an oil lamp in the form of the seated naked god Silen, whose
outstretched phallus constitutes the lamp's burner (fig. 9.2). Its stratigraphic context
suggests a dating within the late third-early second centuries B.C.

A similar date must be attributed to several fragments of marble sculptures
that have been found together in one of the rooms adjoining the pottery workshops
(My'liwiec 1988a, 188-90, pls. 35-38 a, b; idem 1990c, 295-96, fig. 4; for further
publications, see the bibliography in idem 1990a, 458). Most of the fragments are
parts of several statues representing the goddess Aphrodite; some of them preserve
their original polychromy (blue on the garment, and reddish on the hair). These frag-
ments seem to bear witness to the activity of an experienced sculptor in the artisanal
workshops of Athribis toward the end of the third century B.C. His production was at
an artistic level comparable to that of the coroplast whose work has been described
above.

By far the largest, the most diversified, and at the same time the most homo-
geneous ceramic material derives, however, from the stratum corresponding to the
period that includes the reign of Ptolemy VI and extends to later in the second half of
the second century B.C. The constructions dating from this period form two separate
units:

.r'.

,f- i

7.

Figure 9.2 Terra-cotta lamp in the shape of the god Silen, late third-early second centuries

B.C. Drawing by K. Baturo.

i

7? ?-

I          .  . .. . .

Ptolemaic Athribis   141

Plate 9.7 Ceramic
weight from Early
Ptolemaic strata.

TA 9QZ

Plate 9.8 Ceramic weight

from Early Ptolemaic strata.

Plate 9.9 Ceramic weight from
Early Ptolemaic strata.

142    Egyptian Pottery

1) The workshops continuing the ceramic tradition of the

earlier period, which comprise a square complex of
mud-brick walls delimiting small rooms and courts
and which occupy the quarter's southern part (plates
9.1-2); and

2) A recreation center to the north of this area, embracing a

construction with small baths and basins of various
shapes, built of red bricks covered with a thick layer
of waterproof plaster, and a relatively large room
having thick mud-brick walls overlaid on both sides
with polychrome plaster panels (plate 9.3).

It is inside and in the vicinity of the latter construction that the most beautiful
and the best preserved specimens of our Ptolemaic pottery have been found. The
occurrence of many erotic votive objects in this context implies a rather frivolous
function for this architectural complex. Many of the terracottas represent either
Aphrodite-Isis "anasyrmene" (uncovering her womb) or phallic gods of fertility (fig.
9.3), as well as figurines made of various materials (stone, clay, faience) showing
naked males or females in various positions (Mysliwiec 1994a, 385-89; idem 1994b,
154-58, Taf. I-RI). Among the most original terra-cotta pieces is a figurine showing
an elephant with scenes in relief on the animal's long sides (figs. 9.4-5): one depicts
the god Bes dancing between two huge cocks; the other, two dancing naked men with
unnaturally long phalli. These statuettes are often accompanied by small limestone
stelae upon which a standing naked woman is usually represented in relief (Mysliwiec
1994a, 387, fig. 1). The relief on a small shard-the only remaining fragment of a
fine, thin-walled vessel-completes the series of erotic items (color plate 9.1; see
Mysliwiec 1994b); it shows a couple in a love scene on an elaborate bed.

Among the beautiful pottery found in great quantity inside the room with
polychrome plaster panels (room no. 159 in our numeration), there were also ceramic
goblets and small plates of a type that does not occur in other buildings of the Ptole-
maic quarter. Small amphorae, possibly vessels for wine, of particularly fine shape
and elegant painted decoration, which most frequently reproduces various versions of
the garland pattern (color plate 9.2), abound in the ceramic material from this room
(Poludnikiewicz 1992, 100-101, figs. 9-10). These objects confirm a special function
of the architectural complex with baths and basins-a function which is connected
with pleasure and joy.

Other fine vessels have been found immediately beside and in the close vi-
cinity of this establishment. They include, among others, small globular cups with
stamped relief decoration covering their whole outer surface-a type of pottery that is
well known from Ptolemaic Egypt, and that has recently been dated to the late third
and second centuries B.C. on stylistic bases (Mandel-Elzing 1988). Our stratigraphic
data independently confirm this chronological attribution. These cups are usually
made of fine-grained, homogeneous, pinkish clay with matte yellow slip on the sur-
face. The most beautiful and the best-preserved specimen illustrates a scene of lead-
ing sacrificial cattle to an altar (Leclant and Clerc 1989, pl XXIII, fig. 12); another
appears to be a parallel to fragments preserved in the Benaki Museum, showing the

transportation of a barge with shrine (Mandel-Elzing 1988, 258, n. 63, figs. 5-6);
while a third reveals a winged solar disk as a part of its relief decoration.4 To the same
type of ware belongs a high bowl decorated with representations of Harpocrates in
relief (fig. 9.6).

Ptolemaic Athribis   143

Plate 9.10 Head of female
(height 3.8 cm). Early third
century B.C.

Plate 9.11 Fragment of an
unfired clay figurine. Early
third century B.C.

144   Egyptian Pottery

C :

.

i'....'   ''.,,',

fi'   >; '.i :*t '' - .... f:S; '*\ 'w

Figure 9.3 Terra-cotta figurine of a
seated phallic god, second century B.C.
Drawing by Kamila Baturo.

Figures 9.4-5 Terra-cotta

figurine of an elephant with
two scenes in relief: 4)

dancing Bes between two
cocks; 5) naked phallic

dancers. Second half of the

Ptolemaic period. Drawings
by Miroslaw Czarnocki.

1%q&wmfWMAA% ..                  %W              I       e<?               -;.N:k-

Y.

Ptolemaic Athribis   145

Figure 9.6 Fragment of a bowl with relief decoration showing

Harpocrates, mid-second century B.C. Drawing by Kamila Baturo.

Plate 9.12 Old woman with statuette of Anubis. Fragment of a terra-cotta
figurine. Early third century B.C.

146    Egyptian Pottery

A representation of the same god also occurs on a fragmentarily preserved
circular flask, whereas other vessels of similar shape, particularly the smaller ex-
amples, are decorated with stamped geometrical and floral patterns (figure 9.7). Par-
ticularly interesting are small jugs having the shape of grapes.

Among the vessels with painted decoration, there are many imitations of Greek
ceramic forms (Poludnikiewicz 1992). Some of them are rather clumsy, with irregu-
larly shaped bodies, ring bases, and especially rims. Cases in point are a krater-like
vessel (color plate 9.3; Mandel-Elzing 1988, fig.1) and a large one-handled jug (color
plate 9.4). More sophisticated are the (less numerous) jugs with either one vertical
and two horizontal (ibid., fig. 8) or one vertical and one horizontal handle (color
plates 9.5-6). The earlier of the two illustrated examples (color plate 9.5; ibid., fig. 7),
found in a lower stratum beside Room 159, is remarkable for its fine shape and deco-
ration.

In the repertory of patterns preferred by the pottery-makers of Ptolemaic
Athribis, garlands with floral and geometrical motifs predominate. In this respect our
local pottery shows much affinity with Alexandrian vessels of the same period, al-
though some combinations of friezes chosen by Athribian artists surprise with their
originality and freshness, with regard to both their composition and the sophisticat-
edly sober colors (color plates 9.7-8; Mysliwiec 1988a, 192, fig. 6, pl. 41b). Figural
representations occur only exceptionally among the patterns painted on Ptolemaic
pottery from Athribis (color plate 9.9; Poludnikiewicz 1992, fig. 12).

The most popular type of painted decoration found on pots produced in our
workshops in the second century B.C. is also the simplest (color plate 9.10). It con-
sists of irregular splashes which extend down a stripe of white wash, surrounding the
pot's body underneath the rim. In many cases there are additionally some horizontal
red or brown stripes painted on the white zone. This type of decoration usually occurs
on medium-sized globular pots with ring foot and vertical rim, but is also found on
vessels of other shapes.

Also worthy of attention are some undecorated vessels. Local imitations of
Greek pottery shapes, such as lagynoi (fig. 9.8) made of Nile silt and overlaid with a
thin layer of matte yellowish or pinkish slip, or a large jar with three handles at the
rim, probably a far echo of Mycenaean pottery, fall into this category (Mysliwiec
1989, 245-47, pl. 28).

Ceramic imports from the Mediterranean world occur frequently in our Ptole-
maic strata. They comprise first of all large amphorae that, while only occasionally
well preserved, contribute to a precise dating of our archaeological contexts through
the survival of many handles bearing stamps with Greek or Latin inscriptions.' Less
numerous are sherds belonging to decorated vessels of foreign origin. Among the
various wares and shapes, plates and cups or bowls of the "Gnathis" (or "West slope
ware"; color plate 9.11) and the oriental "terra sigillata" occur more frequently than
other types such as bowls with stamped decoration (color plate 9.12). There are also
some imported terra-cotta lamps, especially in our early Ptolemaic materials. Their
simple and elegant shapes recur in local products of the same kind, made of Nile silt.

A special group of ceramic products found in various strata of our Ptolemaic

quarter, and particularly within the workshop complex, is a series of clay molds. Most
of them look like a disk with a circular handle on one flat side and a decorative pattern
in sunk relief on the other (fig. 9.9). A large circular mold belonging to the earliest
Ptolemaic context (third century B.C.) iS, however, made of limestone, and its decora-

Ptolemaic Athribis   147

Figure 9.7 Small flask with stamped decoration, late third-early second centuries B.C.
Drawing by Kamila Baturo.

Figure 9.8 Lagynos. Local

imitation of a Greek vessel type,

late third-early second centuries B.C.
Drawing by Anna Poludnikiewicz.

0 I I I I.

tive frieze, composed of alternating lotus buds and flowers, possesses a visible affin-
ity with ancient Egyptian patterns (e.g., Meisterwerke altdgyptischer Keramkik 1978;
66 Kat. Nr. 12, 158 Kat. Nr. 243; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 1982, 92, nr.72; Hayes
1978, 368, fig. 232; 421, fig. 267, upper edge). The stamps of the ceramic molds,
which are mainly found in the mid-Ptolemaic stratum (second century B.C.), usually
depict variations of the rosette pattern (e.g., fig. 9.9). Nevertheless, one of them bears
a more sophisticated motif, that of Cupid riding a dolphin (fig. 9.10).6 Although it
remains an open question whether the molds were used for stamping ceramic dishes

148   Egyptian Pottery

Figure 9.9 Terra-cotta mold with geometrical and
floral patterns in sunk relief. Second century B.C.

(of a type which is known from elsewhere in Egypt but totally missing thus far among
our materials from Tell Atrib) or bread that could be baked in local ovens, the latter
mold may possess some functional connection with the erotic votive objects found in
the same stratum but closer to the bath construction located in the workshops' neigh-
borhood.

To the same chronological context belong also some original terra-cotta ware,
one of which seems to be unique. It seems to represent the goddess Isis with two
small sons-one of them at her breast, and the other one at her side (My'liwiec and
Szymanska 1992, 122-23, fig. 6). Since the archaeological evidence, and particularly
the numerous coins, allow us to attribute this statuette to the time of Ptolemy VI or
later, the goddess may possibly be identified with Cleopatra I, mother of two rulers
(Ptolemy VI and Ptolemy VIII).

The discovery of ceramic workshops which produced both pottery and ob-
jects of art in Ptolemaic Athribis, combining in this process ancient Egyptian and
Greek traditions, may not only help in dating and interpreting various artifacts of that
period, but also assist in shedding some new light on the development of the Hellenis-
tic koine in its topographic and diachronic aspects.

I?NN
I

1-11

Ptolemaic Athribis  149

Figure 9.10 Terra-cotta mold with a figural
scene in sunk relief, Second century B.C.
Drawing by Kamila Baturo.

NOTES

I For earlier Polish excavations at Tell Atrib, see: Vernus 1978, XXI; idem [LA I] 1973,
521-22, nn. 37, 47, 56, 65; Ruszczyc 1975, 335-40; idem 1990a, 379-80; idem 1986, 29-34;
idem 1990b, 317-19; idem 1989-1990, 673-76; Sztetyllo 1963, 335-36, 339; Zdrojewska 1971,
523-29; Mlynarczyk 1974, 145-85; Krzyzanowska 1990,209-210; Michalowski 1961, 219-29;
Ruszczyc 1976, 118-27; idem 1966, 167-69; G6recki 1981, 7-8; idem 1990, 34-48.

2 Mysliwiec and Herbich 1988a; Mysliwiec with contributions by Sztetyllo, and Kryzanowska
1988b; Mysliwiec with contributions by Herbich, Krzyzanowska, Sztetyllo and Lukaszewicz
1988c; Leclant and Clerc 1987, 300-301, pls. XI-XII; Mysliwiec 1986, 16-18; idem 1990,
458; idem 1992.

3 Mysliwiec and Rageb 1992, 393-416; Mysliwiec 1990,5-9; idem 1991, 25-30; idem 1992,
24-28; Leclant and Clerc 1988, 314, pls. VIII-X; idem 1989, 346-47, pls. XXI-XXIII; idem
1990, 344-45, pls. XIX-XX; idem 1991, 167-68, pls. XXXIV-XXXV; Mysliwiec and Abou
Senna 1993; Meyza 1986, 18-19; Poludnikiewicz 1991, 13-15.

4  An article on Ptolemaic pottery with relief decoration from Tell Atrib is in preparation by
the authors of this text.

5  Z. Sztetyllo is preparing an overall publication of this material (cf. Mysliwiecl988a, 183,
194, 196, pl. 40 a,b).

6  Mysliwiec 1991:29, fig. 2; Mysliwiec and Rageb 1992, 406, fig. 8a.; Szczepkowska 1993.
The publication of the molds from Tell Atrib is being prepared by J. Szczepkowska.

150    Egyptian Pottery

REFERENCES

GORECKI, T.

1981     "Tell Atrib." Bulletin de Liaison du Groupe International d'Etude de la

Ceramique tgyptienne 6: 7-8.

1990     "Coptic Painted Amphorae from Tell Atrib: Introductory Remarks on

Decoration." In Coptic and Nubian Pottery, Part I: International Workshop,

Nieborow, August 29-31, 1988, VoL 1, edited by W. GODLEWSKI. Occasional
Paper National Museum in Warsaw 1. Warsaw: National Museum in Warsaw,
34-48.
HAYES, W. C.

[1959] 1978 The Scepter of Egypt: A Backgroundfor the Study of the Egyptian

Antiquities in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Part II: The Hyksos Period

and the New Kingdom (1675-1080 B.c.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press
for the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Revised reprint edition, distributed by
Harry N. Abrams. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
KRZYZANOWSKA, A.

1990     "Remarques sur la circulation monetaire en Egypte du IVe au Vlle siecles

fouilles archeologiques copto-polonaises a Tell Atrib." In Coptic Studies, Acts of
the Third International Congress of Coptic Studies, 20-25 August 1984, edited
by W. GODLEWSKI. Varsovie: Pan'stwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe-E1ditions
Scientifiques de Pologne, 209-10.
LECLANT, J., and G. CLERC

1987     "Fouilles et travaux en Egypte et au Soudan, 1985-1986: 12. Tell Atrib."

Orientalia 56: 300-301.

1988     "Fouilles et travaux en Egypte et au Soudan, 1986-1987: 10. Tell Atrib."

Orientalia 57: 314

1989     "Fouilles et travaux en Egypte et au Soudan, 1987-1988: 14. Tell Atrib."

Orientalia 58: 346-47.

1990     "Fouilles et travaux en Egypte et au Soudan, 1988-1989: 16. Tell Atrib."

Orientalia 59: 344-45.

1991     "Fouilles et travaux en Egypte et au Soudan, 1989-1990: 10. Tell Atrib."

Orientalia 60: 167-68.

1992     "Fouilles et travaux en Egypte et au Soudan, 1990-1991: 15. Tell Atrib."

Orientalia 61: 225.
MANDEL-ELZINGA, U.

1988     "Ptolemasche Reliefkeramik." Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archaologischen

Instituts 103: 247-307.

Meisterwerke altdgyptischer Keramik

1978     Meisterwerke altdgyptischer Keramik: 5000 Jahre Kunst und

Kunsthandwerk aus Ton und Fayence. Hohr-Grenzhausen, Rastal-Haus, 16
September bis 30 November 1978. Montabaur: Forderkreis Westerwald fur
Kunst und Keramik.
MEYZA, H.

1986     "Tell Atrib (1986)." Bulletin de Liaison du Groupe International d'Etude

de la Ceramique Agyptienne 11: 18-19
MICHALOWSKI, K.

1961     "Les constructions ptolemaiques et romaines a Tell Atrib." L'Erma, 111.

Roma, pp. 219-29.
MLYNARCZYK, J.

1973     "Types of Terracotta Lamps from Tell Atrib." Atudes et Travaux 7: 81-113.

Ptolemaic Thribis    151

MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS, BOSTON

1982     Egypt's Golden Age: The Art of Living in the New Kingdom 1558-1085

B.C.

Catalogue of the Exhibition. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts.
MYSLIWIEC, K.

1986     "Tell Atrib, 1985." Bulletin de Liaison du Groupe International d'ttude

de la Ceramique tgyptienne 11: 16-18.

1987     Keramik und Kleinfunde aus der Grabung im Tempel Sethos' I in Gurna.

Archaologische Veroffentlichungen 57. Deutsches Archaologisches Institut
Abteilung Kairo. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.

1988a    "Remains of a Ptolemaic Villa at Athribis." (With contributions by Z.

Sztetyllo and A. Krzyzanowska.) Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archawlogischen
Instituts Abteilung Kairo 44: 183-97.

1988b    "Polish Excavations at Tell Atrib in 1985." (With contributions by T.

Herbich, A. Krzyzanowska, Z. Sztetyllo and A. Lukaszewicz) Annales du
Service des Antiquites de l'tgypte 72: 53-77.

1989     "Dreihenklige Gefasse in Egypten." Mitteilungen des Deutschen

Archaologischen Instituts Abteilung Kairo 45: 239-47.

1990a    "Hellenistic Sculptures Found at Tell Atrib (Egypt) in 1985." In Akten des

XIII. Internationalen Kongresses fir Klassische Archaologie, Berlin 1988.
Mainz am Rhein: von Zabern, 457-58.

1990b    "Polish-Egyptian Excavations at Tell Atrib in 1989." Polish Archaeology in

the Mediterranean 1: 5-9.

1990c    "Isis a Athribis." Etudes et Travaux 15: 285-96.

1991     "Polish-Egyptian Excavations at Tell Atrib in 1990." Polish Archaeology in

the Mediterranean 2: 25-30.

1992a    "Excavations at Tell Atrib in 1985." Atudes et Travaux 16: 383-91.

1992b    "Polish Egyptian Excavations at Tell Atrib in 1991." Polish Archaeology in

the Mediterranean 3: 24.

1994a    "Isis Aphrodite "anasyrmene" et le culte de la deesse nue a Athribis

ptolemaiques." In Hommages a Jean Leclant. Vol. 3: Atudes Isiaques, edited
by C. BERGER, G. CLERC, and N. GRIMAL. Bibliotheque d'Etude 106/3.
Cairo: Institut Francais d'Archeologie Orientale, 385-89.

1994b    "Un passage des Textes des Pyramides et la rencontre d'une tradition

Egyptienne avec une tradition grecque a l'epoque ptolemaiques." In Zwischen
den beiden Ewigkeiten: Festschrift Gertrud Thausing, edited by M. BIETAK,

J. HOLAUBEK, H. MUKAROVKSY, and H. SATZINGER. Vienna: Institut fur
Agyptologie der Universitat Wien, 154-58.
MYSLIWIEC, K., and S. ABOU SENNA

1993     "Polish Egyptian Excavations at Tell Atrib in 1991-1992." Etudes et

Travaux 17: 210-44.

MYSLIWIEC, K., and T. HERBICH

1988     "Polish Archaeological Activities at Tell Atrib in 1985." In The Archaeol-

ogy of the Nile Delta: Problems and Priorities, edited by E. M. C. VAN DEN
BRINK. Proceedings of the Seminar held in Cairo, 19-22 October 1986, on the

occasion of the fifteenth anniversary of the Netherlands Institute of Archaeology
and Arabic Studies in Cario. Amsterdam: Netherlands Foundation for Archaeo-
logical Research in Egypt, 177-203.
MYSLIWIEC, K. L., and M. A. H. RAGEB

1992     "Fouilles polono-egyptiennes a Tell Atrib en 1986-1990." Etudes et

Travaux 16: 393-416.

MYSLIWIEC, K., and H. SZYMANSKA

1992     "Les terres cuites de Tell Atrib. Rapport preliminaire." Chronique d'tgypte

67: 112-32.

152    Egyptian Pottery

POLUDNIKIEWICZ, A.

1991 "Tell Atrib/Benha, 1989." Bulletin de Liaison du Groupe
International

d'ttude de la Ceramique Egyptienne 15: 13-15.

1992    "Local Imitations of Greek Pottery Found in Tell Atrib." In Cahiers de la

Ceramique tgyptienne 3 (Ateliers de Potiers et Productions Ceramiques en
Egypte): 95-102.
RUSZCZYC, B.

1966    "Zur Problematik der aegyptisch semitischen Beziehungen." M61anges

offerts a Kazimierz Michalowski. Warsaw: Paistwowe Wydawnictwo
Naukowe, 167-69.

1975    "Tell Atrib Kom Sidi Youssef 1969." Etudes et Travaux 8: 335-40.
1976    "Le temple d'Amosis a Tell Atrib." Etudes et Travaux 9: 117-27.

1986    "Tell Atrib." In 50 lat polskich wykopalisk w Egipcie i na Bliskim

Wschodzie: Uniwersytet Warszawski Stacja Archeologii Sr6dziemnomorskiej
im. prof. Kazimierza Michalowskiego. Warsaw, 29-34.

1989-90 "Wykopaliska w Tell Atrib w roku 1984." Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego w

Warszawie 33-34: 673-76.

1990a   "Die Ausgrabungen in Tell Atrib (Kom Sidi Youssuf)." In Coptic Studies,

Acts of the Third International Congress of Coptic Studies, 20-25 August 1984,
edited by W. GODLEWSKI. Varsovie: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe-
Editions Scientifiques de Pologne, (Varsovie), 379.

1990b   "Tell Atrib Kom Sidi Youssef 1979." Etudes et Travaux 14: 317-19.
SZCZEPKOWSKA, J.

1993    "A Stamp with a Representation of Eros Riding a Dolphin from Tell Atrib."

Etudes et Travaux 17: 316-24.
SZTETYLLO, Z.

1963    "Stamped Amphorae Handles from Polish Excavations in Tell Atrib (1957

1961)." Eos 53(2): 335-40.
VERNUS, P.

1973    "Athribis." Lexikon derAgyptologie I: 519-23.

1978    Athribis: Textes et documents relatifs a la geographie, aux cultes, et a

l'histoire d'une ville du Delta Egyptien 2 l'tpoque pharaonique. Bibliotheque
d'Etude 74. Cairo: Institut Francais d'Archeologie Orientale.
ZDROJEWSKA, W.

1971    "Alexandrinische Bronzestatuetten eines Eroten aus den polnischen

Ausgrabungen." In Acta Conventus XI "Eirene," diebus XXI-XXV mensis
Octobris anni MCMLXVIII habiti. Eirene Komitee zur Forderung der

Klassischen Studien in den Sozialistischen Landern Collegium Studiis Classicis
Promovendis Academiae Scientiarum Polonae. Warsaw: Ossolineum, 523-29.