CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH FACILITY Number 47 March 1989 PREHISTORIC HAWAIIAN OCCUPATION IN THE ANAHULU VALLEY, O'AHU ISLAND: EXCAVATIONS IN THREE INLAND ROCKSHELTERS Patrick V. Kirch Editor With Contributions by Melinda S. Allen, Sara Collins, Terry L. Hunt, Patrick V. Kirch, and Gail Murakami ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH FACILITY DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLO:)GY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH FACILITY Number 47 March, 1989 PREHISTORIC HAWAIIAN OCCUPATION IN THE ANAHULU VALLEY, O'AHU ISLAND: EXCAVATIONS IN THREE INLAND ROCKSHELTERS Edited by PATRICK V. KIRCH Department of Andtopology University of California, Berkeley With Contributions by MELINDA S. ALLEN Departmnt of Anthropology University of Washington, Seattle SARA COLLINS U.S. Army Central Identification Laboratories, Ft. Shafter, Hawaii TERRY L. HUNT Departmnt of Anthropology University of Hawaii, Honolulu PATRICK V. KIRCH Departnent of Anthropology University of California, Berkeley GAIL MURAKAMI Departnent of Botany University of Hawaii Honolulu ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH FACILITY Departent of Anthoplogy Univeity of Calfornia at Bakeley Copyright ? 1989 by Archaeological Research Facility, University of California at Berkeley Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. PREFACE The rockshelter excavations reported herein were carried out in 1982 as part of a coordinated, ethnohistoric-archaeological study of the Anahulu Valley, O'ahu Island. The project, officially titled "The Archaeology of Ethnohistory: The Historical Transformation of Hawaiian Society and Economy," was jointly directed by the author and Professor Marshall Sahlins, and was funded under Grant BNS 82- 05621 from the National Science Foundation. The project was sponsored by the Department of Anthropology, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Permission to work in the Anahulu Valley was granted by the Bishop Estate, by Castle and Cooke, Ltd., and by the Waialua Agricultural Co. For assistance in the field during the rockshelter excavations, I thank Jane Allen, Melinda Allen, Sara Collins, Jim Landrum, Holly McEldowney, Art Saxe, Matthew Spriggs, Ken Shun, and Marshall Weisler, and the students of the 1982 University of Hawaii archaeological field school. Various individuals have assisted since 1982 in the analysis of materials from these sites, and in the preparation of this report. In particular, I am grateful to Melinda Allen, Laura Carter, Carl Christensen, Sara Collins, Peter Gilpin, Terry Hunt, Eric Komori, Gail Murakani, and George Quimby. A special acknowledgement is due Christine Kleinke and Elzelina Callis for their patient word processing and formatting of the text of this volume. Patrick V. Kirch January 1989 CONTRIBUTORS Melinda S. Allen, Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle Sara Collins, U.S. Army Central Identification Laboratories, Ft. Shafter, Hawaii Terry L. Hunt, Department of Anthropology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu Patrick V. Kirch, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley Gail Murakami, Department of Botany, University of Hawaii, Honolulu TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface Chapter 1 Intoduction 1 Patrick V. Kirch Chapter 2 The Rockshelter Excavations 9 Patrick V. Kirch Chapter 3 A Geoarchaeological Analysis of Sediments from the Anahulu Valley Rockshelters 43 Terry L. Hunt Chapter 4 Faunal Assemblages of the Anahulu Rockshelter Sites 61 Patrick V. Kirch and Sara Collins Chapter 5 Non-Marine Molluscs from the Rockshelter Sediments 73 Patrick V. Kirch Chapter 6 Archaeobotanical Assemblages from the Anahulu Rockshelters 83 Melinda S. Allen Chapter 7 Identification of Charcoal from Kuolulo Rockshelter 103 Gail M. Murakami Chapter 8 The Portable Artifact Assemblages 111 Patrick V. Kirch Chapter 9 Conclusion 125 Patrick V. Kirch