210
Relevant maijor drainale Systemo  CLASSIFICATION into
d.lOled ..d ,.,e,a I.h         MAJOR DIVISIONS(SYSTEMSL ,
hikneqae.i evpa           ~~~~~~~~~~~~Provinces, and  G 1*-
SECTIONiS
TOOOR-Ad
FACTOR IN THE~~~~~~~TRCTRE
Sei0anu  Frinc
o on~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~12
PNWNNAIV SIYCARAHYO
TEETAEROUELEAS AhiOvoh                                                            ouhCatRne
FACTORIN TH
S7 )
211
VEGETATION             AREAS (4 Schemes)
COLUMBIAN         NORTH WESTER
RE ION              HYGROPHYT I
EVERGREE                   N.W. molst                                     rtebrnusert
EAT           FORE                   Coniferous Miun n                                 Sh Dsrub
MENDOC 0       I NShu
CALiFOREiA  R GION          NORTH RN      CRO-           Fo est Conif rous
CAIOR AS                MESOPHYTI        PHYLL                   For St         Chpra,           Ift Grass,
RANGE   Al                                                             eha             este
DISTRICT A                                    Trt                                                S
SIRBroadN                                                               Broad-Leafed
SAN                      PRACI                 Evergreen    ?*    Extr     Woodland            Creos te Bush,
LUOAR                       SEMI-                 Semi-Desert ~         suther Desert
OF CAUFOR                    DESER                 Region of                  serf                    GaSehood
COAST RN      ANswod
DISTRICT BERNA  N S   RAN                          Winter Rains                                         erShu
DITiT  ESERT                                            Coniferous
REGION                                              Forest
(Shreve)
(Horshberger)
i-?
C,   )
aliCtis
rachero i
d,j
Hal iotis _  _
ruf escens
Distributions of the three species of
gastropods (HALoTIDAE family) which
characterize Mnt-281 and Mnt-282:
FREOUENCIES VARY: absent on sandy beaches;
and abundant on rocky beaches.
Light , 1954 i claims H. rut is more common farther north
(Shelford)
(Shontz- Zon)
"Trade shells"
"Major sources of trade shells used by
early American Indians" (Abbott,1954:8)
4,0t
(After Morris, 1958:79-80)
MAP 2
212
DETAIL of
20 sub-divisions
within       1
5 tribal groupings
of the
SOUTH
COAST
RANGES
MAT TO
UPPER FRAS
CULTURE AREAS                                    W        ....c\NORTHE&
(After Kroeber,1939)  CENTRALA              CAN            ASTERN
MARITIM  ERASER  \ -           r  %,(ALGONIINI
>RGI;-       \                    *
NORTHWES          UPPER        EATR
KLIMEK(1935:52)               COATST   EET CNLUMBIA             \    NORTHERN
HAS MAPPED                    C      5tT                              PRAIRIE
7 CALIFORNIA PROVINCES      LOWER COLURW  MIDDLE                      (CANADIAN)
BASED ON A                 WILLIAMEITEIr  COLUMBIA
STATISTICAL                      U                                       Cv ILLAGENTRAL
ANALYSIS Of               LOWER KLAMATH  ,  SNAKE-                       EASTERN
THE DISTRIBUTION OF                RCLAMAT  SALMON          NORTHERN      DAKOTA
400 TRAITS;               CALIF N  LAKLS-  DRAINAGE          PLAINS
T  NIT PRIT                 WI
Salinan (Willow Creek)                 INTERMEDIATE I.
vicinity is lumped with     CALIL      INTERMOU and TAO IPLE
San Joaquin and                CA   ERN                                ,TTEJ
South Central Valleys    Willow  ____           GREAT BASIN
as one of four other     Creek sites                                 P.-(SOIImERN
TRANSITIONAL                                  NE    .4UR,.1SOTER CNTRAL
PROVINCES.                                   N Eo                  SOUHERN   DUANTA
PROVINCESIRIA GARIUONA      >  Pt^^; /      PLAINS X
M ILES   ,R SAIUt R        -SH ;E^DVS
OLSPAOOH'  ~~~~~~~~~. R~IVLR
PININSULARCALFO  S0UTHzWEST   PUEBLO    \      LCADDO)
R.STNORAN   (APACHE)          N
213
INSET MAP 'A' of the
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES in
SEVEN COUNTIES.
Archaeological
Index
MAP
SCALE IN MILES
0       50     100
. 1958. Baurnhoff & EIsasse l956
Excavated
Sites
in
CALIFORNIA I
INSET MAP 'B'of the
ARCNAEOLOGICAL SITES in
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY
Map 4
214
i
v -        ,  _:::
L        V
a P~~~~~~~~~~~o ZW X  t-
<J-   <
U r
a
2
0
'u
U
215
74-
100
kD~~~~~~~~~~~-
C\,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~o                     I~~o
:K:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~w ma z:
rD
QC)
0 ..t~~~~~
1                            9 a   * ; E     j t ?~~~~~~~~~~~~~
c , v . ,.^_ i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
217
Map 8
GRID SYSTEM
TWO
W CREEK SI
EXCAVATION
d4  UNIT in the
uppe wUi@ dilen
ENT-211
.'STNATACUT
middems
r/.       d
lit 282i  u -
_YS2Uwi/
-     1'_
V SCALE
FEET 4
218
panoramic overviews
Pe`bble- st rewn beach :-
_. N. s - * e.    v
North
Human figures suggest
the scale here
Figure 1
BLOCK DIAGRAM of EXCAVATION UNITS inWILLOW CREEK SITES:
/ .          I
See Map of Willow Creek sites, Map8,
for code that identifies every unit
according to horizontal location
' ST RAT IG RAPHIC
DETAILS ARE IN
THE FOLLOWING
PROFILE ELEVATIONS
ol         I
- - ------ --'. ,

     ../ x
I
/     ---- i /
1.
I
-,/ ---. // _7
I
I
I
,       I"I          I
.                            I
219
4a  44
co ~ Io
0 PNI~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(
04 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ W  I.
u1II~~~~~~~~~~~~~~=~s
Aft4     -
I     5 & .4& U  *.,  rnpu-.
L1I =ll  .   o
220
.j.~~~~~~~~~~~.....r ....
Ci)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a
VN,
3           1*~~~~~~3
la                      U
221
MN'xT281
IProfile elevation:West-falcingwall:W-trenchl
NNlI NW') NW7
I    I
,..  ;   ;.
Soil
somp
NW 5 NW3 NW- I
et  I
Ss WI SW*3
ole
. .. /,, Grey, loose and
L      :   dry ash-midden,
with much shell
and a few rocks
,  Y      Yellow ash    E
Ii
Black, damp and
sandy midden,      . :
with many rocks
and some shel I
Shell lens
eharcoal
N
.N E * o
NI E4
PROFILE    ELEVATION
west facing wal I
E-TRENCH
Mnt -281
Figure 4
N I` * 2
-      -. .
-       .     I
222
-'                   B 9                    A-
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ No
W  earth with graveowgr v-
SCALE IN FEETJ      Mnt-281             lw%v
1   2   3   4    5
1'10H 1,14 "'  1i i'Al EN;VI'1(If )N  Friable grey shell-midden
I NORT1TIIFACIN(    WALL    Black midden,afewshellsD
Shelly concentrations
l 1'.-%  I *NNA,Ji T   I ltl A IC CobblesI    A AshO
A*4)
,
V.           I
es    .  #.-I  Q
mm_        _ woume-
e)
v     Ir    <
Ca   r'l
C.    .,
I)
PROFILF EL.EVATION
west-fachur *all of section in|
M1nt-281
SCALE IN FEET
0     1    2    3     4   I
N
Figure 5
I
0       1
I
C2 c a
..Nmmc   N   a
.-~~ ~    %
I  Feature 1
0f             2
Fea tu re 2 ":Z,
C-i
r
'1
(
SIX
FLOOR PLAN FEATURES
Mnt-281
Figure 6
N
SCALE IN FEET
0      1     2     3      4     5
3~>Pj Rocks
Ash     _
iMidden
223
Vert ical
Location
of five
features
AA
Shell
224
12 Inches
a,
Mnt- 281
Burial I
Mnt -2 81
8urial 4
PIT LENGTH- 19 ,nches
Bu'io' 5
Figure 7
14 Burials
at the
Willow Creek Sites
N
N
Mro 28'
Bur-ol b
PIT LENGTH        34 nches
/
Mno -;'HI     B3urol 8     4 ind,v,duusI
Mm ,HI
B", ]  I
-
A     1-125268
NE3 10^          8     1-12?108
NEI I19
IMNT 281 1
25 Lithic Points FROM TWO
SITES AT WILLOW CREEK
C"EIT"11'L   SCALE  8(. _
Figure 8
D          1 - 133562         Di 30o-
LATE
F     1 -125493          6     1-124772        H 1-15261
MNT 282
MIDDLE
33 .       SCATTERGRAM   FLOORPLANO 21 LIHIC
POINTS N 10 PITS OF MNT 2S2
3.     IL 101088     188008
P'A U      SEo FI gH-2 SIRATIGRA80
804      .
I                              N
A              8 100     EC T          SCALE
i11- I',,   1         .?'          5 FEET
x t I. S~ I     5,,AL
. AvL` I
_     R
ESi A'0
I  0  00  ::   '.  *00
84  8 8N .
I       V
L 1-12,1862
N 1 -124861
P 1-124799
Q   1-124864
1-124822                  5 1-124821           T     14^.248             U
T        1-12480                1-124825              1-124823                 1-124820
5 Design Elements
Mest   wnls: STEMMED with UASES TAPERING TO
A VW SNAIP POINT;
ASSYMETRICAL with ONE SHOULDER
LAGIRTHIXOITHER;lZ
:EDGES TRIMMED BIFACIALLY TOWARD
THE CENTER, FROM
FoUR OIRECTIONS;
A^SPHALTUM  ADMESIVE  ARi IISE,
x MOTTLED CHERTY MATERIALS
I EXCTION S: liand I (INTRUSIVE?).
ALL EARLY POINTS HAVE
FLATTER BASES THAN
THE LATER ONES.
TAIS RELATES TO HAFTING.
225
Scattergram
Floorplan of
21
Incised Stones
in 12 pits at
Mnt-281
Refer to adjoining numbered
illustrations for identifying
the artifacts that are
indicated here by r
circled numerals  1  64
Artifact
DEPTH L -
in feet
I 0-1:
- 1
1-2
2-3 f11IIII
4-5
Stones
GROUND SLATE
24-36"
Figure 9
SCALE
o            5
Cc I tlmeters
nehes    2
Horizontal location
- Ve e  I     I648
36-48"
6       NW13      '
No depth     7
SOME BASIC
SHAPE (Most tend to taper s<
A. Sub-rectanguloid (6, 8,13,1L
B. Sub-trianguloid (22917,19)
C Sub-ovoid (1,3,4,5,11,12,15,2
DESIGN ELEMENTS
omewhatJ:        12 VARIATIONS
4,16,18,20)   A        Cb    Al
1)            sIc  Clc  Aid  lid
INCISIONS (Most have chevron motif):                               v
Cld  Ie   C2   C3
1. Chevron (at broad,blunt end)                    q   y    *     *
This motif is linted to a
variey of Iungitudinal
patterns on the face a SINGLE LINE(6)
t PARALLEL LINES (3 7 10,13,16)
2. Plaid-Iike(4,11,15)          c- CONVERGING LINES(1, 2,26)
d CONVERGING CHEVRONS(8,12,14,18,19, 21)
3- Banded herring-bone (5)      * UNDEONERRING-DONE (9)
UCMA NUMBERS FOR
1 1-125297
2 1-125415
3 1-125589
4 1-125196
5 1-125571
6 1-125398
7 1-1251 76
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
THESE ILLU
1- 125173
1- 125227
1- 133547
1-133559
1 -133543
1- 133542
1-125236
STRATED ARTIFACTS
15 1-133548
16 1-125064
17 1-125197
18 1-125241
19 1-125572
20   1-133559
21   1-125416
226
6K
I I
N
SCALE
t
5 FEET
I1      I
l
I
I
I
I
[None
227
1 inch
k- .D
228
Figure 11
/ \K
A
i-  I
I  1- /
I /
H
.,  - I I
M
'11/
.
E
D
1 inch
/ \ _/
,1~~-
l ,  KV
( % r-
I
/            ~~~~/
L  1 ----- -'-7 /
. -1
.)                     e~~~~6'
I
I                             I
i                             I
,/               \             I
\ /1"
l!'
A     \   I~~~~
.Ij
/
/ B
A
l
1 inch
(
Figure 12
229
I
I
I
;I
8
I
I                        I
I
i                        I
I
I
i
I.
I
C
-      B     j
A
J                             /
E
'1
I.,
4
.0
 
j.               a                K
0
Figure 13
230
L inch
I
231
Fig
~~B
?
K
t
I
I            I
I
I
I
L
I .
I-
I
R
I        /
i C
Iure 14
M r l
D
F
E
G
I. ';A
~i
I
I
NU  L'.   0
p -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1                                                                                          ,        . I
/                                   F    1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~   i i n f l~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I
~~       ~      ~             u~~      v        ~~      $    !~~~         ~   ~               9    ~~     ooI
I           I
1
I inch
K-l      I
40 J
-
/   Cr
7k
I  I(
X     /1.'
J:  V4
.#;i
>1
232
,/      /
/-'
J l
\, I
II
I 1
G
Lt  z
I inch
0~~    ~   r \?
I                   (I                         . .
I
I
I                   :     /
II,
I
i          -        !       . . .-.-            -       .-.-    i I
I
i
i                                                                 %   .  I
)I
I
I   I                                                                ,%t
1
 ".                                                                I
i
'. I \'
I
' I
1.
. \i!
, .,
I.j
i F
I ,I
.I
I
II
I ,
._   II_
l-  I
l  .
. Iq
!I
. \I
l'
-i'
',I
iI
i !i
i;i~
i I
\ L1
M  4
iI
I. I
I I
; I
I  I
I h e
I
! SCII E_
1 inch
FIGURE 16
233
a
c
d
a
I;
t
X0
..
0
I
g
I,
h
I
I
I
II

 %. " t

j ft
\ I
e((D;
A
o ( 37
-c2
I X
I
D9@_
I
K
SHELL
IEADS
L L
Figure 17
SCALE
1 inch
I2-    0X3-
ACMAEA           I
SHELL
DEBITGE         BALANUS
in the
Willow
Creek
sites
p
+X-*
S W
THAIS
I
I
?-q-e-t~~~
MOPALIA
S
AM
TEG
OST RE A
SEPTIFER              OSTREA
w
> -      CRYPTO
I                 X
234
FISD U,S
I
35
i'
1 SCALE   i
I INCH
FISH NSSR BLANKS
IENAMENTS
0
S
FIGURE  8
FIGURE 18
''& A' @ '"'
235
0
'II
J~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S
I
F
*  ( 0~~~~
0-
V.   . J J
Q_
K?
i
.l:        :     ,      .
,   ,    I       I      II     I
9
I
c
I I
. t                   0I I
E
I
0
w
-1%
I '---