I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A
April, 1971
OBSERVATIONS ON THE EMERGENCE OF
CIVILIZATION IN MESOAMERICA
Edited by
Robert F. Heizer and John A. Graham
with the assistance of
C. W. Clewlow, Jr.
Papers presented at the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Re-
search Symposium on "Observations on the Emergence of Civilization in
Mesoamerica" held at Burg Wartenstein, Austria, July 4-13, 1970.
Published with a grant (No. 2744) from the
Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research
IA     A
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CONTRIBUTIONS
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH FACILITY
Number 11
April, 1971
OBSERVATIONS ON THE EMERGENCE OF CIVILIZATION IN MESOAMERICA
Edited by Robert F. Heizer and John A. Graham
with the assistance of C. W. Clewlow, Jr.
Papers presented at the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological
Research Symposium on "Observations on the Emergence of Civilization
in Mesoamerica" held at Burg Wartenstein, Austria, July 4-13, 1970.
Published with a grant (No. 2744) from the
Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research
(Reprinted July, 1972)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
Department of Anthropology
Berkeley
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CONTENTS.
Page
I.    EDITORS' PREFACE
by Robert F. Heizer and John A. Graham ..............         1
II.   EARLY AND MIDDLE PRECLASSIC CULTURE
IN THE BASIN OF MEXICO
by Paul Tolstoy and Louise I. Paradis.                        7
III.  THE OLMEC REGION - OAXACA
by Ignacio Bernal ........       ..........................  29
Added Remarks by Ignacio Bernal
/
IV.   COMMENTARY ON:    THE OLMEC REGION - OAXACA
by Robert F. Heizer ........        ........................  51
V.     INVENTORY OF SOME PRE-CLASSIC TRAITS IN THE
HIGHLANDS AND PACIFIC GUATEMALA AND ADJACENT AREAS
by Edwin M. Shook ...........      .......................  70
VI.    COMMENTARY ON:   INVENTORY OF SOME PRE-CLASSIC
TRAITS IN THE HIGHLANDS AND PACIFIC GUATEMALA
AND ADJACENT AREAS
by Claude F. Baudez ........          ..............        78
VII. THE EMERGENCE OF CIVILIZATION IN THE
MAYA. LOWLANDS
by E. Wyllys Andrews IV ......        ......................  85
VIII. COMMENTARY ON: THE EMERGENCE OF CIVILIZATION
IN THE MAYA LOWLANDS
by Gordon R. Willey ........        ........................  97
Ix.    CALENDRICS AND WRITING IN MESOAMERICA
by Hanns J. Prem .........       ..........................  112
Added Remarks by Hanns J. Prem
X.     COMMENTARY ON:   CALENDRICS AND WRITING
IN MESOAMERICA
by John A. Graham .133
Xi.    EARLY ARCHITECTURE AND SCULPTURE
IN MESOAMERICA
by Tatiana Proskouriakoff ..........................       141
XII.   COMMENTARY ON: EARLY ARCHITECTURE AND
SCULPTURE IN MESOAMERICA
by George Kubler ........................t*66699157
XIII. MESOAMERICAN TRADE AND ITS ROLE IN THE
EMERGENCE OF CIVILIZATION
by Lee A. Parsons and Barbara J. Price ............... 169
XIV. COMMENTARY ON: NESOAMERICAN TRADE AND ITS
ROLE IN THE EMERGENCE OF CIVILIZATION
by Anne M. Chapman ................................... 196
XV. THE CIVILIZATIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF VARYING
DEGREES OF AGRICULTURAL AND CERAMIC DEPENDENCE
WITHIN THE BASIC ECOSYSTEMS OF MESOAMERICA
by Gareth W. Lowe ................212
XVI. COMMENTARY ON: THE CIVILIZATIONAL CONSEQUENCES
OF VARYING DEGREES OF AGRICULTURAL AND CERAMIC
DEPENDENCY WITHIN THE BASIC ECOSYSTEMS OF
MESOAMERICA
by Geoffrey H. S. Bushnell ...........     ..249