23 II. A CHUMASH "CENSUS" OF 1928-1930 Robert F. Heizer In 1928 the Bureau of Indian Affairs recorded a Roll of Indians of California for the purpose of enrolling native Californians under the law of 1928. The Roll of 1928 aimed at recording ancestry and residence of then-living Indians as of June 1, 1852, the approximate date of the refusal of the United States Senate to ratify the 18 treaties made in 1851-52 between the three Commissioners (Barbour, McKee and Wozencraft) with a number of tribes with the intent of quieting land titles. The following information concerning the Chumash is a small fraction of the data copied from the Roll of 1928 now deposited in the National Archives. A condensed, telegraphic style is used to present the information. Fractions (e.g. 1/4, 1/2, 4/4) refer to degree of Indian blood. # refers to registration number in the Roll of 1928. The present list of persons who were registered on the Roll of 1928 may provide one means of hooking up the missionized Indians who dropped into limbo in 1824 with secularization under Mexican rule and the early ethno- graphic-linguistic recording period of Pinart and Henshaw which was followed somewhat later by J. P. Harrington. One thing is obvious, and that is that the Chumash were far from "extinct" in 1928-30. It is also apparent that in 1970 they are, genetically, not extinct, even though the days of making coiled baskets and plank canoes are forever things of the past. L. Gardner (UCLA Arch. Survey Ann. Report for 1965:281-302) lists five Chumash of Santa Ynez living in 1961, and as informants their ethnographic recall is impressive. 1. Morillo, Mary (Mary Garcia). #10803 (1/2 Chumash, 1/2 Costanoan). Age 41, F; b. March 22, 1887, Cayacos, San Luis Obispo Co. F: Dionisio Garcia; 4/4; b. Monterey; d. 1890. M: Leonora Garcia (Leonora Arajo); 4/4; b. Santa Barbara 1850; d. May 16, 1928. FF: 4/4; b. Monterey Co. FM: 4/4; b. Monterey Co. MF:4/4; b. Santa Barbara Co. MM: 4/4; Lorenza Tupie; b. Santa Barbara Co. 24 2. Sanchez, Romolo. #8142 (1/2 Chumash of San Luis Obispo Mission, 1/2 Costanoan of Soledad Mission). Age 68; M; b. February 17, 1860, Watsonville, Monterey Co. F: Anastacio Sanchez, 4/4; Mission Indian, San Luis Obispo Mission 1823; b. San Luis Obispo Co.; d. 1871. M: Manuela Sanchez (Manuela Espinosa); 4/4; Mission Indian of Soledad Mission; b. Monterey Co., 1832; d. 1872. FF and FM: 4/4; b. San Luis Obispo Co. MF and MM: 4/4; b. Monterey Co. 3. Flores, Louis. #10954 (1/4 San Luis Toloso band); b. June 9, 1886. F: Louis Flores (not Indian); b. Arizona; d. April 23, 1923. M: Adelaida Flores (Adelaida Villa); 1/2; b. San Luis Obispo Co.; d. February, 1906. MF: b. San Luis Obispo Co. MM: Maria A. Linares; 4/4; b. San Luis Obispo Co. 4. Flores, Charles. #10955 (1/4 San Luis Obispo Chumash). Age, 38; M; b. December 24, 1890. Married Stella Rodriguez Flores (not Indian), b. 1889. F: Louis Flores (not Indian); d. 1923. M: Adelaid Flores (Adelaida Villa); 1/2; b. San Luis Obispo; d. 1926. FF and FM: not Indian. MF: ? MM: Maria A. Linares; 4/4; b. San Luis Obispo Co. 5. Cota, John. #2252 (1/4 Santa Ynez). b. 1871 at Santa Ynez Reservation. F: Ramon Cota; 4/4; b. Santa Ynez Reservation; d. 1884. M: Margarita Cota (Margarita Now-we-nat); 4/4; b. Santa Ynez Reservation; d. 1907. FF: Joaquin Cota; 4/4; b. Santa Ynez Reservation. FM: 4/4; b. Santa Ynez Reservation. MF: Benancio Now-we-nat; 4/4 b. Santa Ynez Reservation. MM: Juana Now-we-nat; 4/4; b. Santa Ynez Reservation. 6. Miranda, Clara (Clara Liberado). #2258 (4/4 Santa Ynez), Age, 53; F; b. Santa Ynez Reservation, 1875. F: Nicodemus Liberado; 4/4; b. Santa Ynez Reservation; d. 1875. M: Maria Liberado (Maria Solares); b. Santa Ynez Reservation; d. 1822. FM and FF: 4/4; b. Santa Ynez Reservation. MF and MM: 4/4; b. Santa Ynez Reservation. 7. Pina, Joaquin. #2260, Age 34; M; b. February 10, 1894 (3/4 Santa Ynez). F: Desiderio Pina; 1/2 Santa Ynez; b. Santa Ynez Reservation and living as of August 2, 1929. M: Maria Pina (Maria Ortega); 4/4/ b. Santa Ynez Reservation; d. 1901. FF: Juan Pina; b. Santa Ynez Reservation. FM: Guadaloupa Pina; 4/4; b. Santa Ynez Reservation. HF: Joaquin Ortega; 4/4; b. Santa Ynez Reservation. MM: Maria Ortega; b. Santa Ynez Reservation. 8. Gutierez, Emma (Emma Green). #2242, (1/2 Santa Ynez); Age 37; F; b. Santa Barbara, July 4, 1891. Married Francisco Gutierez, Mexican, b. July 24, 1881. F: Charles Green, Mexican, d. 1905. M: Elena Green (Elena Miranda); 4/4; b. Santa Ynez Reservation; d. 1914. FF and FM: Mexican. HF and MM: 4/4; Santa Ynez. 25 9. Figueroa, Jose. #2270 (1/2 Santa Ynez), Age 43; M; b. 1885, Santa Ynez Reservation. F: Patricio Figueroa, white; b. Mexico; d. 1900. M: Dolores Figueroa (Dolores Martinez); d. 1901. MF: Ygnacio Martinez; 4/4; b. Santa Ynez Reservation. MM: 4/4; b. Santa Ynez Reservation. 10. Estrada, Frank. #2269 (1/2 Santa Ynez), Age 57; M; b. Santa Ynez Reservation, Feb. 25, 1871. F: Frank Estrada, Mexican, b. Mexico, living as of 3 August 1929. M: Maria Estrada, 4/4, b. Santa Ynez, d. 1922. NF: Bienvenuto, 4/4, b. Santa Ynez Reservation; MM: Brigida, 4/4, b. Santa Ynez Reservation. 11. Flores, Francisco. #2264 (1/2 Santa Ynez), Age 47; M; b. Navawee (Nojogui?), Santa Barbara County, May 9, 1881. F: Augustine Flores; white; b. Mexico; d. 1907. M: Francisca Flores (Francisco Alvarez); 4/4; b. Santa Ynez Reservation. MF: Alvarez; 4/4; b. at Santa Ynez Reservation; MM: Alvarez; 4/4; b. at Santa Ynez Reservation. 12. Cooper, Florencio Francisco. #10717 (1/2 Santa Ynez), Age 45; M; b. August 10, 1883. F: Louis Cooper; Mexican; b. Sonora, Mexico; d. 1887. XM: Lorenza Arauja; 4/4; b. at Santa Ynez; d. Nov. 27, 1913. Full brother of Camillio Cooper, #10417. 13. Shumaker, Josephine (Josephine Aguirre). #2261 (1/2 Santa Ynez); Age 44; F; b. Santa Ynez Reservation, Oct. 6, 1884. F: Trinidad Aguirre; white; d. 1885. M: Maria Antonina Aguirre (Maria Antonina Ortega); 4/4; b. Santa Ynez; d. 1921. MF: Solaris; 4/4; b. Santa Ynez Reservation. MM: Marie Solaris; 4/4; b. Santa Ynez Reservation. 14. Pina, Jose. #2247 (1/2 Santa Ynez); Age 49; M; b. 1879. F: Jose Pina; white. M: Guadalupa Pina; 4/4; b. Santa Ynez Reservation. MF and MM: 4/4; b. Santa Ynez Reservation. 15. Garcia, Lucrecia (Lucrecia Ygnacio). #2244 (4/4 Santa Barbara); Age 51; F; b. Santa Barbara, 1877. Child: Pablo Garcia; Age 14; M; b. Feb. 3, 1914. Married Florentino Garcia; white; b. 1859. F: Jose Ygnacio; 4/4; b. Santa Barbara; d. 1880. M: Louisa Ygnacio (Louisa Antonino); 4/4; b. Santa Barbara; d. 1922. FF: Juan Ignacio; 4/4; b. Santa Barbara. FM: Marinacia Ygnacio; 4/4; b. Santa Barbara. MF: Antonino; 4/4; b. Santa Barbara; MM: Maria Juaquina; 4/4; b. Santa Barbara. 16. Justo, Juan. #2239 (4/4 Santa Barbara); Age 69; M; b. Cienigatas, Modoc Roads, Goleta, Santa Barbara County, 1859. 'Not married. F: Justo; 4/4; b. Santa Barbara; d. 1895. M: Cecilia; 4/4; b. Santa Barbara; d. 1896. FF and FM: 4/4; b. Santa Barbara. MF and MM: 4/4; b. Santa Barbara. 17. Garcia, Pedro V. #4699 (4/4 Santa Barbara); Age 31; M; b. Lamanda Park, Los Angeles County. Residence on May 18, 1928 at Perris, River- side County. Children: Ynez Garcia; age 10; F; b. May 20, 1919: Elena Garcia; age 7; F; b. Aug. 28, 1929: Catalina Garcia; age 5; F; b. May 22, 1923. Married (1) Leona Encinas Garcia; 4/4; b. San Luis Rey, 1903; (2) Aurora Sanchez Garcia; b. Tehema, 1894. F: Macario Garcia; 4/4; b. Santa Barbara County; living as of 12 June, 1930. FF: Macario Garcia; b. Santa Barbara County. FM: Maria Garcia; b. Santa Barbara County. NF: Eduardo Valenzuela; b. Santa Barbara County. MM: Maria Valenzuela; b. Santa Barbara County. 18. Ygnacio, Pedro Antonio. #2240 (3/4 Santa Barbara); Age 65; M; b. Canyon Ygnacio, Santa Barbara County, Feb. 17, 1863. F: Jose Ygnacio; 4/4 b. Santa Barbara; d. 1882. M: Louisa Ygnacio; 1/2; b. Santa Barbara; d. 1924. FF: 4/4; b. Santa Barbara. FM: Marinacia; 4/4; b. Santa Barbara. NF: white. MM: 4/4; b. Santa Barbara. 19. Lawerllo (Laurelio), Jose Maria. #11182 (1/2 Santa Barbara); Age 64; M: b. Santa Barbara, December 8, 1864. F: Jose Maria Lawerllo; 4/4; b. Mexico. M: Maria Morena Lawerllo (Maria Morena); 4/4; b. Santa Barbara; MF: Juan Moreno; 4/4; MM: Susana Moreno; 4/4. 20. Ruiz, Raquel (Raquel Reyes). #2241 (1/2 Santa Barbara); Age 39; F; b. Mission Canyon, Santa Barbara, 1889. F: Martia Teyes; Mexican; b. Mexico. M: Rosilda Reyes (Rosilda Gonzales); 4/4; b. Santa Barbara; d. 1904. 21. Arabos, Juana (Juana Valenzuela). #2238 (1/2 Santa Barbara); Age 64; F; b. Cienigitas, Santa Barbara County, 1864. F: Elario Valenzuela; Mexican; b. Mexico; d. 1900. M: Isabel Valenzuela; 4/4; b. Santa Barbara. NF and MM: 4/4; b. Santa Barbara. (M of #2245). 22. Grijalva, Guillermo. #9462 (1/2 Santa Barbara); Age 64; M; b. San Bernardino, Feb. 4, 1864. Children: Louis; age 25, b. 1903: Elizabeth, age 4; b. 1924: Guillermo, age 3, b. 1925: Dora, age 1, b. 1927. Married: (1) Angelita Romero; 1/2; b. San Gabriel; d. 1908 (M of Louis); (2) Veronica Servag (cf #9111). F: Louis Grijalva; Mexican: b. Mexico; d. 1895. M: Guadelupe Grijalva (Guadelupe Arballo); 4/4; b. Santa Barbara County; d. 1926 at age 101. FF and FM: Mexican. NF and MM; 4/4; b. Santa Barbara County. 23. Arabos, Daniel. #2245 (1/4 Santa Barbara); Age 28; M; b. August 3, 1900. F: Jose Arabos; Mexican; b. Mexico; d. 1924. M: Juana Arabos (Juana Valenzuela - see #2238); 1/2; b. Santa Barbara; living as of July 31, 1929. NF: Elario Valenzuela; Mexican. MM: Isabel Valenzuela; Mexican. 27 24. Lores, Romeo Andrew. #9883 (1/4 Santa Barbara); Age 44; M; b. Santa Cruz County, November 30, 1894. Children: Wilford; M: Grace; F: Mary Bernice; age 9; F; b. December 10, 1919. Married: (1) Margaret Lores (Margaret Young); non-Indian; living as of 10 July 1930; separated; mother of Wilford; (2) Helen Lores (Helen Miller); non-Indian; living as of 10 July 1930. F: Florence Vasquez; Spanish Californian; b. Santa Cruz County; d. ca. 1927. M: Rose Lores (Rose Vasquez; Rose Sweet); 1/2; tribal name unknown; b. February 19, 1866 in Santa Cruz County; living as of 10 July, 1930. FF and FM: white ("Spanish"). MF: Paul Sweet; white. MM: Marguerita Carillo Sweet (Marguerita Carillo); 4/4; b. Santa Barbara; d. ca. 1900 at age 72. MNF: Juan Carillo. 25. Arroyo, Micaela (Carrie), (Micaela Franco). #5 (1/4 Santa Barbara, 1/4 Yauelmani Yokuts). Age 33; F; b. Plano, Fresno County, Ya-wil-min-ne tribe, March 9, 1895. F: Juan Bautista Franco; 1/2; b. Santa Barbara County; d. 1915 at age 67. M: Rosa Franco (Rosa Garner); Yay-lut; 1/2; Ya-wil-min-ne Band, Tulare County; b. Tulare County; living as of January 9, 1929. FF: Pablo Franco; Mexican; b. Mexico. FM: Maria Franco; 4/4; b. Santa Barbara. MF: Garner; white. MM: 4/4; b. Tulare County. 26. Mendoza, Carrie (Carrie Arrelanas). #2262 (1/4 Santa Barbara); Age 35; F; b. Ventura, June 11, 1893. Married: Augustine Mendoza; white; b. 1894. F: Jose Arrelanas; white; b. Santa Barbara; d. 1926. M: Juana Arrelanas (Juana Martinez); 1/2; b. Santa Barbara; d. 1904. FF and FM: white. NM: Josefa Martinez; 4/4; b. Santa Barbara. 27. Minio (Higinio?), Ramon. #10156 (4/4 Ventura Chumash); Age 71; M; b. Ventura County, December 29, 1857. F: Jose Hinio; 4/4; b. Ventura Coun- ty; d. 1900. M: Petra Hinio; 4/4; b. Ventura County; d. 1880. FF, FM, HF, MM; 4/4; b. Ventura County. 28. Perez, Josefa (Josefa Barrios). #10804 (4/4 Ventura Chumas); Age 64; b. Ventura County, July 25, 1864. F: Manuel Barrios; 4/4; b. Ventura County; d. 1869. M: Maria del Espireta Santo Barrios; 4/4; b. Ventura d. 1874. FF, FM, MlF, MM; 4/4; b. Ventura County. 29. Tumamait, Cecilio. #11061 (4/4 Ventura); Age ?; M; b. Feb. 1, 1869. 30. Romandia, Edward. #8136 (probably 4/4 Ventura Chumash); Age 45; M; b. Las Uvas Creek near Watsonville, Santa Cruz County, November 10, 1883. F: Jesus Romandia; 4/4; b. near San Buenaventura Mission. FF and FM: 4/4. MF: Dolores Torango; 4/4; "I think they came from San Buenaventura Mission." MM: Maria Torango (or Tarango); 4/4; "I think they came from San Buenaventura Mission." 28 31. Callis, John Joseph. #11058 (1/2 Ventura); Age 37; M; b. Ventura, August 14, 1891. F: Robert Callis; white (Irish); b. Michigan; d. 1901. M: Maria Callis (Maria Tumamait - now Maria Loyola); 4/4; b. Ventura; living as of March 14, 1930. MF: Juan de Jesus Tumamait; 4/4; b. in Ventura or Santa Barbara County.