ANALYZED PIRO TEXT: A BOY AND A JAGUAR Esther Matteson Contents and. general notes. I. Text in the Piro language. This story was relatQd by-Virgilio Gabino, about May 25, 1952. Stem and affix boundaries aro mmarked by periods, and in parentheses following each word are given numbers by which stems and affixes may be identified in the glossary. II. Free translation of the text. Sentences are marked with capital let- ters in parentheses to correspond to the sentences of the text. III. Glossary: centuries and decades of affixes and clitics occurring among the affixes, and centuries of roots and free forms. Description of affixes and clitics of Orders 000 and 00 to 100 both in this paragraph and in the glossary consists in quotations and excerpts from a paper, "Piro Phonemes and Morphology", published in the Kroober Anthropological Society Papers, Number 11, Fall 1954, Berkeley. Decades are marked off by the relationship of the affixes within the group as they occur with the verbs. Person Markers of Order 00 are mutually exclusive as prefixes or as suffixes, though both a prefix of Order 00 and a suffix of Order 00 may occur simul- taneously. Prefixes 001, 002, and 003 may occur simultaneously in the order listed. Within each decade suffixes of Orders 10, 50, 60, and 100 are mutually exclusive with few exceptions. Suffixes of Or- der 20 are mutually replaceable but not mutually exclusive; that is, there are sequences in which a suffix of Order 20 is obligatory, but more than one suffix of Order 20 may occur in a sequence. Suffixes of Order 30, though varying somewhat in mutual relationships, are grouped together because of their being followed by a suffix of Or- der 20. Suffixes of decade 40 are successive, as are those of decade 90. Suffixes of decade 70 are interlocking; that is, the relative order of two of such suffixes may be affected by the simultaneous occurrence of another. Derivational formations of glossary items of centuries 200 and 300 (see explanation of "derivation" in the above mentioned paper) are not indicated by numbers in the text, but many are included in the definitions in the glossary. -V- indicates that the preceding vowel is retained. 22 I. Piro Text (A) Sotlu.ga (201.287) wane (202) ga.wa.na.ta. (05.203.37.21). (B). Gi.skit.ga (03.204.287) gawaka.n.waka.ji (205.28.61.288) ga.wa.na. ta (05.203.37.21) namatu.re.ya (01.206.15.16.42). (C) Toto (207) ps0. no (208.01). (D) Giyag.ni (209.73) wane(202) r.ustak.ni (03.210.73) pap.nni (211.73). (E) G~Iyago.tka. ni (209.81.73) wane (292) 9.pana.wa. t.ni.tka (03.212.32.21.73*81). (F) R.ali.pji.t.ni (03.213.212.21.73), p.yoxika.tka.lu (03.214'.81.03) sana (215). (G) Giyag.ni (209.73) Jimeka (216) r.utak.ni.tka (03.217.73.81). (H) W.utak.lewi.ta.tka (05.217. 34.21.81). (I) Goyechnokawa (218) w.utak.lewa.na.ta (05.217.34.37.21). (J) Goyechnokaw.potuko (218.31.52) 95.saple.w. je.na.ta (03.219.32.36.37.21) giyalu (220). (K) Giyag.ni (209.73) wane (202) n.china (01.221), "Papa.a (211.400), p.Jema.n.ru (02.222.53.03) giyalu (220)," n.chin. ni.ri (01.221.73.03) pap.ni (211.73). (L) Gcyag.ni (209.73) wane (202) p.chin.ni 03.221.73) pap.ni (211.73) , "Mapshaga.prik~lu (223.224.03). (M) Pa.gixa.nu (290.225.28) gishpak.in.ri.ni (226.54.25.73) mapshaga.1 (223.03) gog.ne (227.13)," p.chin.ni (03.220.73) wa (228) pap.nt (211. 73). (N) Giyag.ni (209.73) r.umep (03.229) saple.w.Je.re.ta.tnaka (219.32.36.35.21.82) giyalu (220). (0) Wu.nap.1.e (05.230.15.16) r. apok.gima.ta.tka (03.231.31.21.81)0. (P) Giyag.ni (209.73) pap.ni (211. 73) n.unkaka (01.232). (Q) "W.eta.ga.pa.n.mak.lu (05.265.23.41.53.77. 03) wa (228) glyalu (220)," n.chin.ni.ri (01.221.73.03) pap.ni (211. 73). (R) Giyag .rni (209.73) wane (202) pf.chin.ni (03.221.73) wa (228) pap~ni; (211.73), "Ga.yir.koxa (05.233.91). (S) W.et.gapka.ga.panu. tka.- lu (05.9265.31.23.41.53.81.03)." (T) Giyag.nI (209.73) P.koshpa.k.chich. ne.ksu.t.ni.tka (03.235.11.31-236-13-236.21.73.81) pap.ni (211.73). (U) "'Gi.mka 237.77) jmer.no (238.01)," t.chin.ni (03.221.73) wa (228) pap.ni (211.73). (V) "Wane (202) r.asuka.nu.tka (03.239.53.81) wane.k (202.52) xako (240) n.satok.ini (06.241.54), " 9.chin.ni (03.221.73) wa (228) tot.ni (242.73). (W) Giyag.ni (209.73) w.kopru.ga.ta.tka (05.243.31-287. 21.81) kanawa.ya (244.42). (X) Giyag.ni (209.73) w.utspaka.tka (05. 245.81). (Y) Giyag.ni (209.73) r.uptok.ga.m.t.ni.tka (03.246.31-287. 38*21.73.81) kew.ni (247.73) no.pra.ni (01.248.73) gamlu.ta.ch.ri.ni (249.21.101.25.73). (Z) Giyag.ni (209.73) f.muyoka.m.t.nittka (03.210. 38.21.73.81). (AA) Tuka-ya.mu.ni.tka.lu (251.42.31.73.81.03) ttGo go go (252)," ,D.china.m.t.ni (03.221.38.21.73). (AB) Giyag.ni (209.73) wanna (307) gajxigi.potu.ko (253.31.52) ga.wa-m.ta.tka (05.203.38.21.81) pap.n?.yma (211.73.31). (AC) Wano (202) w.et.gapo.t.ya.tka.lu (05.265.31-234.21.42.81.03) giyalu (220). (AD) "?R.asnikA1ta .ktka (03.239.76.81)," .chin.ni (03.221.73) wa (228') pap.ni (211.73). (AE) Giyag.ni (209.73) tuka.ya.mnu.ni.tka.1 (251.42. 23 31.73.81.03) wa (228) kew.ni (247.73). (AF) Giyag.ni (209.73), "Ga. yinri (05.233). (AG) W.omkagic. tA.n.ru (05.254.21.53.03). (AH) Ginaka. kta (255.76) f.yotupaka.n.ru (03.256.53.03) satu (257) wane (202) w. unka.ga.p.in.ri. (05.258.23.41.54.03). (Al) Wan-e.ko (202.52) w.asatok. ini (05.241.54)," p.chin-.ni (03.221.73) wa (228) pap.ni (211.73). (AJ)- Maka.kta (77.76) gi (237) wa (228) '.yotupaka.n.ru (03.256.53. 03)v. (AK) W.omkagi.ta.tka.Iu (05 .254.21.81.03) . (AL) (kwuka.na.tka. wu (259.71.81.05) sey.ni (260.73) r.apoka.wa.1 (03.231.83.03) wa (228) kewe (247). (AM) Gi (237) b.kaspuk.lu ( 03.261.03). .(AN) Tuka.a (251. 400) mapa (262) sajru.kle.kta (263.15.16.76) t.kopru.ga.t.ya.tka (03. 243.31-287.21.42.81) giyalu (220). (A0) Wane (202) w.jem.ya.nl.tka. lu (05.222.42.73.81.03) kew.ni (247.73) P.muyoka.m8 ..t.ni (03.250.37. 21.73). (AP) "Go go go (252)," p.china.nv .t ni.tka (03.221.27'. 21L73. 81). (AQ) Maka.kta (77.76) wakanu (264) 75.ya.tka (03.233.81) giyalu (220). (AR) Giyag.ni. (209.73) wane (202) w. ap. yot, i;.ya.ni. t;a. lu (15.231*31.21.42.73.81.03). (AS) Ga.wa.p.ni.tka.1u (0;.203.41.73.81. 03) wa (228) kew.ni (247.73). (AT.)- "Ga.ya.tk.e.wa `5.233.81.92.93), ,t.chin.ni (03.221.73) we (228) pap.n( 211.73)a. (AU) Ciyog.ni (209. 73) w.eatokaona.ta.tka (05.241.37.21.81). (AV) Warn (['2)2) n.ot.ya. tka.n (265.42.81.07) ahipi.ne (266.27). (AW) Kyishl, ne (267.27). (AX) Wanna (307) n.mayix.Je.na.ta (01.269.36.37.21) &ita (301). (AY) Tujra (271) pshini (272) r.awa.na.t.ni (03.203.37.21 'j 3) wa (228) pap. ni (211.73). (AZ)' Giyag.ni (209.73) wane (202) f50oiiin.ni (03.221.73), "P.unoa.nu.tka (02.273.53.81). (BA) P.eta.nu (02.26> .j3 ). (BB) Mgenoklu. getko.tka.ni (274.31.81.73)," .chin.ni (03.221.73) -ve. (228) pap.ni (211.73). (BC). "Kl-u.ne.ru.kta (275.13.15.76) gakka. tka.1o (276.81. 04) wa (228) yoko (277)." (BD) Wane (202) n.uoka.m.ta.tka.na (01.278.38.21.81.07) kyishlu. ne (267.27). (BE) Gajer. ya (279.42) n.uprotaka.m.ta.tka (01.280.38. 21.81) n.Jema.nu.ko (01.222.53.52) t .alna.m.ta.tnaka (04.281.38.21.82) makokawa (282), maka.kta '(77.76) mgenoklu (274) gaka-pala.ta.tka.1o (357.21.81.04). (BF) Kamowasne (283.27) galna.Je.m.ta (281.36.38.21) gewi.potu.ya.ko (284.31.42.52). (BG) Giyag.ni (209- .73) r. su.m.t.ni. tnaka (03.249.38.21.73.82) wa (228) kew.ni (247.73) . (BH) p.Mayoka.m. t.ni.tnaka (03.250.38.21.73.82), "Go go go (252)," f.china.m.t.ni.tnaka (03.221.38.21.73.82). (BI) Giyag.ni (209.73) tujra (271) n.yapa.m.ta. tka (01.233.38.21.81) gita (301). (BJ) Pnu.ko (285.52) P.ya.ni.tka (03.233.73.81) ap.ni(211.73) . (BK) Giyag.ni (209.73) n.jema.nu.ko (01.222.53.52) f.saplo.wa.tini.tka (03.219.32.21.73.81) pap.ni (211. 73). (BL) "Ginala.tka.yi (255.81.02)? (BM) Gee (286). (BN) P.una. nu.tka ;(02.273.53.81)," p.chin.ni (03.221.73). (BO) "Tye (308) gapo. tkae-ni- (234.81.73 ) mgenoklu (274), " p.chin.ni (03.241.73) pap.ni (211. 73) . (BP) Giyag.ni (209.73) wale (303) ereta.ko (2'70.52) n. ya.tka (01.233.81) pap.ni (211.73) sreta.ko (270.52). (BQ) Gi (237) wa (228) n.pika (01.291). (BR) "N.eta.nu.n.ru (01.265.53.71.03). (BS) N.unka.nu.n.ru (01.258.53.71.03) mgenoklu.p. ni (274.72.73)," n~china (01.221). (BT) Gipgu.t.la (289.21.103) gi (237) wa (228) kyowik.lu (292.03). (BU) Gi (237) pa.gog.ne (290.227. 13) n.eta.wa.l (01,265.83.03) wa (228) mgenoklu (274). (By) Giyag.nt (209.73) gi (237) wa (228) n.pik.lu (01.291.03). (BW) R.umepe (03.229) saple.w.le.t.ni.tnaka (219.32.35.21.73.82) wa. (228) pap.ni (211.73). (BX) "P.una.nu.tka (02.273.53.81). (BY) Tye (308) gapo.tka.n (234.81.73) wa (228) mgenoklu (274)," t.chin.ni (03.221.73) wa (228) pap.ni (211.73). (BZ) Giyag.ni (209.73) n.asuka. na.ta.tka (01.239.37.21.81). (CA) Wata (268) mxigi ,(293) n.yapa.na (01.233.71). (CB) Giyag.ni (209.73) n.utspa.gapo.t-.ni.tka.1u (01.294. 31-234.21.73.81.03) pap.ni (211.73) . (CC) Wale. -(303) gapo (234) n. yapa..xnta.tka (01.273.38.21.81). (CD) Wane (202) n.et.gapo.t.ya.tka. l1: (01.265.31-234.21.42.81.03) ngenoklu (274). (CE) Sutskayl.ta.a (295*21.400) r.ixa~m.ta (03.225.38.21). (CF) Giyag.ni (209.73) n.jama. nu.ko (01.222.53.52), "Go go go go (252)," p.chin.na (07.221.07) wa, (228) kowe.ne (247.27). (CG) p.Sap1e.wvjo.ko.Jeot.na (07.219.32. 36.952.36.21.07).S (CH) Giyag.ni (209.73) wane.kta (202.76) f .kagwak. ya.ni.tka.n (07.296.42.73.81.07) wa (228) pap.ni (211.73). (CI) "Te- yaa .yak.pa.tkae.yi (297.63.72.81.02)," ,.chin.ni.tka (03.221.73.81) wa, (228) pap.ni (211.73). (CJ) Wano (202) stsin.koxa.tka.no (298.73. 91.81.01) gIt.nl (301.73). (CK) Gcya gni (209.73) n.et.na (01,265. 07) wa (228) kewe.ne (247.27). (CL) p.Shiwre.na.t.na (07.299.37.21. 07). (CM) Giyageni (209.73) wane (202) P.chin.ni (03.221.73) wa (228) pap.ni(211.73), "Teyaka.yak.pa~tka.yi (297.63.72.81.02)," t pfchin.ni (03.221.73) wa (228) pap.ni (211.73). (CN) "Gi (237) ge (300) *pikaL (02.291)? (C0) Gewi (284) p.muyok.ya.tka.lu.na (07.250.42.81.03.07) mgenoklu.getko.ka.tka.n (274.31.51.81.73) wale (303)." (CP) Giyag.ni. (209.73) wane (202) n.ujga.lu (01.311.03). (CQ) "Ginak.lu (255.03) xani (312)?" n.china (01.221). (CR) Pnu.ko'(285.52) p.muyka.p.ya.tnaka (03.250.41.42.82) kewe (247), maka-kta (77.76) ka.paya.lu (004.313.25) wgene.kta (314.76) wane (202) tuka (251) srota.kta (270.76) r.upyoka.na.ta (03.315.37.21). (CS) Giyag.ni (209.73) rn.ali.m.ta.tnaka (03.213.38.21.82) wa (228) kewe (247). (CT) %.muyka.pa.na.t.1u (03.250.41.37.21.03) n.eta.nu.ko (01.265.53.52) r ushpakae.m.ta (03.226.38.21). (CU) N.easuk.gapka..ta. tka-getko.ni.mka (01.239.31.21.81-31.73.77) sey.ni (260.73) n.eta.nu. ko (01.265.53.52) r.ushpaka.m.ta.tka (03.226.38.21.81). (CV) N.koshpa. lewa.t.ni.mka (01.235.34.21.73.77) n.kash.r.e (01.316.15.16). (CW) N.pota.t.lu (01.319.21.03) wa (228) n.kash.r.e (01.316.15.16). (CX) Giyag.ni (209.73) gi (237) noumkata (01.318) koshpa.k.le.ta..tka.lo (235.11.35.21.81.04). (CY) N.uknoo .kashjr e.m.tae.tka (01.278.31-316. 15.16.38.21.81). (CZ) N.easuk.ni.mka..tka (01.239.73.77.81). (DA) Wane (202) P.chin.ni (03.221.73) wa (228) pap.ni (211.73), "P.asuka.nu. tka (02.239.53.81). (DB) Kla.l.pa.tka.ni (275.72.81.73) mgenoklu (274)," f.chin.ni (03.221.73). (DC) 0Gi (237) wa (228) r.upshek.chich.ne.ksu. t.ni (03.320.31-236-13-236.21.73). (ID) R.ukno.pJo.ta.kta.mka.lu (03. 278.31.21.76.77.03). (DE) Giyag.ni (209.73) r.umane.m.ta~kta.tka.lu (03.321.38.21.76.81.03) pap.ni (211.73). (DF) N.asuka.na.tka (01.239*37.81) git.ni (301.73). (DG) Gi (237) n.unka.l.e (01.250.15.16) n.yapa.m.tae.na.tka (01.233.38.21.71. 81) git.ni (301.73). (DH) Giyag.ni (209.73) pshinitsonu.ji (322.288) 25 n.asikaom.ta.na (01.239.38.21.71) wane.kta (202.76) r.awa.na.ta (03.203. 37.21) gagapitsa (323). (DI) Wale (303) gishatkap.Jixi.ta.na.tka.no (324.31-325.21.71.81.01). (DJ) N.upga.m.ta.na.tka (01.326.38.21.71.81). (DK) N.yojipna.potu.m.ta.na (01.327.31.38.21.71). (DL) Giyag.ni (209. 73) P.kap1aka.m.ta.na..kta.tka.no (03.328.38.21.71.76.81.01) wa (228) kewe (247). (DM) Giyeag.ni (209.73) kewe (247) r.omkagi.m.t (03.254. 38.21) wa (228) mgenoklu (274). (DN) Giyag.ni (209.73) n.Jemoi.nu. nanu.ko (01.222.53.31.52) gipgu.t.la (289.21.103) r.uknoga.m.ta.tka (03.329.38.21.81) wa (228) mgenoklu (274). (DO) Gajer.ya.mka (279. 42.77) n.yotuno.ta.n.ni.tka (01.330.21.71.73.81) n.jema.nu.ko (01.222. 53.52), "Too (331)," r.ixa.m.ta (03.225.38.21). (DP) Maka.kta (77.76) pap.ni (211.73) koxa (91) gin.ni.tka (273.73.81). (DQ) Gi.kta (237. 76) r.upsheka.ohich.ne.ksu.t.ni.tka (03.320.31-236-13-236.21.73.81). (DR) R.ukriokaem.ta.kta.tka.lu (03.278.38.21.76.81.03) P.chich.ne.ksu (03.236.13.236) pap.ni (211.73). (DS) Wale.kta (303.76)' p.kashicha.tka.1 (03.322.81.03) wa (228) mgenoklu (274). (VT) N.Jema.nu.ko (01.222. 53.52) r.apkaka.na.tka.no (03.333.37.21.81.01) no.tji (01.334). (DU) Gipgu.t.la (289.21.103) gi (237) r.ashka.t.no (03.335.21.01). (DV) Giyag.ni (209.73) n.isaple.we.ta.na.tka (01.219.32.21.71.81), "Papa.a (211.400) r.uyla.ta.na.tka.no (03.336.21.71.81.01) mgonoklu (274)," n.china.na.tka (01.221.71.81). (DW) N.kegeknanu.wa.ta.na.tka (01.337. 32.21.71.81). (DX) Giyag.ni (209.73) P.koschekea.m.t.ni.kta.tka.1u (03.338.38.21.73.76.81.03) mgonoklu (274) pap.ni (211.73). (DY) Gi (237) n.ushini.ka.m.ta (01.239.11.38.21). (DZ) N.pik.l.e (01.291.15. 16) getko (31) gi (237) n.ushin.kae.p.na.wa (01.339.11.41.74.93). (EA) Giyag.ni (209.73) pshintli (272.1400), "Too (331)," P.china (03. 221) chichiksu (236). (EB) R.unka.ni.kta.tka.lu (03.258.73.76.81.03) wa (228) pap.ni (211.73). (EC) Giyag.ni (209.73) n.yotuno.tde.tka (01.330.21.81). (ED) ChiJi (340) n.yfigata (01.341). (EE) N.et.lu (01.265.03) Jra.taa (342. 39) r.ixa (03.225) chiJi (34o). (EF) Wane (202) n.china (01.221), "Kew.ni.kta (247.73.76) r.uyla.ta.tka (03.336.21.81) wa (228) mgonoklu (274),'"' ni&ka.kta (77.76) gita.k (301.52) no.grag.ni (01.342.73). (EG) Giyeag.ni (209.73) wane (202) n.china (01.221), "Klanko (343) r.uyla.t.no (03.336-.21.01). (EH) Xani (312) n.unka.Je.ta.n.na.tka.1u (01.258.36.21.53.71.81.02)," n.'china (01.221). (EI) N.et.lo (01.265.04) n.kash.r.e (01.316.15.16). (EJ) Pnu. mnu (285.31) n.wa.kash.r.e.ne.ta'ina (01.203.31-316.15.16.37.21.71). (EK) Giyag.ni (209.73) n.Je o.tka.n (01.222.81.07) wa (228) kewe.ne (247.27), "Go go go go-go (252)," p.china.na.t.na' (07.221.37.21.07). (EL) N.apat.je.kash.r.e.m.ta.tka-(01.344.36.316.15.16.38.21.81). (EM) "Xanion~pa.tka..lu (312.73.72,81.03)," n.china.m.ta (01.221.38.21), (EN) .N.eta.m.t.ni.r (01.265.38.21.73.03) wa (228) pap.ni (211.733) (EO) Jra.taay (342.39) r.ixa.na.t.ni (03.225.37.21.73) wa (228) gi. goJi (03.345) pap.ni (311.73). (EP) cGi.Jri.kta (03.347.76) r.apkak. ni.ri (03.333.73.03) pap.ni (211.73). (EQ) Ptsotsotaji (348) gim.maka 31.77) chlji (340) r.apokae.m~ta.n.ni (03.231.38.21.71.73) pap.ni (211. 73). (ER) Giyag.ni (209.73), "Ga (346) gipgu.ta (289.21) r.uyla.ta. na.tka.y- (03.336.21.71.81.02)," p.chin.ni (03.221.73) pap.ni (211.73). 26 (ES) N~eta.m~ta~tkca.,Th (01.265,,38.2 10)~ migen A(24 ~. tupla&naota*ae (03.349.37.100). (o4 ET w.ne ( 47.27) myoa..*0 to lu (250.,37*21.i03). (Eu) c (237) pso.Shnanuxtaiok (208.31.76.03). 0(:EBy) - tWane (202) n *cohina (01. 221), ttan? (312); un .nxas *tka 4yi (0lo25&53 * 71 81 o2)3 pix koxa n A (3 02. 91. 72.73), n *chinr (01 221. 03). fEW) GafJez'.yza (279.-*42) , n~kotykaO*mota~tka. (01.350.38,21.81) Tr ubtkap&.kesh~r e .ttaoatt*ni .tka.no (03 *324#31-32515-16 -325 02173.81.01) pap:0*Xni t:(:211.73 ).00ff f(EX) "Gita.p5nt 0(301.71273) gt 1ikak (351) f .chtn. ni (;03.;f*;221.0Xt73) we. (228). pap ni (17) () gPik.ayotsk 1aan~ r (302 352.;*53.*03)0 xk (02040) pia (302),">;t fp.chin~niX 03.X221f.73)0 we ;(22S8) pa~p: ni (n211,73). (EZ): "t (301) 2galial1a (7351) gnka.a0n1ru. (258.;23. ;53 #03)," 4 30hi nni (03.221,73) w (228) pap.ra (211.73) (FA) Gy 4 ;ni (209*73 3) wal25ni 03.73) gi.,na*tk 1 (258.37.81.03). (SB) Pa-ao~hre..g{apke. ;( 29Q0,*353. 31). tr unki .*ye..ne..tne~k.Iu1 (03.;*25:8.*42 .71.*82.*03 ) s~ey*Xni ( 260.*73:) gi (X237 ) f,yeQ 5yix a (023. 3504),0 0( F) P:e..*chz'a8epk?a (0290.? 035<3.31 ) r~un~i ye..ne.tea. lu (03,. 258.42.71. 82.03 ). (FD:) Pewyo ( 355) cir potw2lIf (353.31.52)0 rnunki;y*m:*k.1 (03.258.42.77.03) pap2n1 (211 73) . (SE): Wane .(:2o2X) t..chinl.ni (7m03.221.73), "Chichiksu (236) p.yohig. 0che9 3 ( 02 . 5356 a4573*8)."3 (PEF) Caiyag.ni ((209.73) n.uJs.mkca..T (0:t1.311.77:.03) wa. (2280) Dtsaape (359).00 (inG) Wane ;(20)2) 0n0*chia (01.X2210), 0"ca (237) fr:.ea (03. 203) tssea (35;)l (FE) cankai.kta.lu I(232.746.03) n.chna (01.k221)2. (;r:) 'Gse. (346) ga7 (346)3 tye.kta (308576) we (228) tapa (359)," t d.chin.ni (k3.22a 173) we. (228) pp.ni (211.73). (FJ) "cataXco: (301. 52) yoshicha~nu~tkalu (356.53.f81.03*%)," (tn5nu (03.221 .7:3) pap0ni :(211.:73). :(ui) R0.e0h (03.213) yosh~re~t.ni.tka (356.,35,.21.73.81) rf, u73) .tnak .T (03.258.82 o3). (FEI) 3 Tooo (331)." ( 3 yoeb.gapk y t-nit (0(:3.-3$563V1.2173).. ((:) ?.umep (03.229) {3inka.1e.te..tnuak.1 (258. 35.21.82.03)6 (in) "Tooo (331)." (F?) R.umop (03,229) yoshEre.#apka t.:n? (356.35.231 .21.73) (FQ) IR.eu (03.2133) yoshr.t;ni.vnata 5 35. 21.73 .82) r(nka.tnakclJ (03.258.82.o3 ) (B ) "Toooo (331)," (FS) Sey.ni (a260, 73) .2 (2370) T.yx. (03 . 354)3 m(onoku (274). (IT) Wan e (202 ) P.roehic yaXnu .tnaka (23.356.42.53:82). ;(IU) "Gi (237) p .gonan . nu)nan.ru~e (290.*358.28F31.o3.bo5)?" tchinn6 (03.221.n73) we. (228) pap-ni. (211.73):. ~vF\) .Gi (4237) gopi. (360) at. (+361) 2 r2 uka.tka.lu (03.c258.8103) pap.nr (211.73). (nw) We. (228) r.umpe.ta.na.tl.lu ( 03 .229. 2171.81o3) 3 () Wan .k e u (202.52.151) fyopteofe.,m. ta.na . tka (003F.36:20.3&*21,71,81). (FF) R.umepe (03,229) yosh.re.#3apa.t;1ni (356.35.31.21.73), ($z) Wae.klu (202.52.15) r.unk.atnak.1u (0<33.- 258.71,82.*03) e (GA) R. Eupna.potu~ta..na. tka ( 03.,363.3:1.-21 .71 .81),* (GB ) Giyag.i :(?09.73)R wal (0 213) p.chin#i (03.;221.73), "P.eten (02.265, 53) wa. (228) xni (312!), (Go) ca (:237) -pwyopto.lewa.ta~na (02:.364, 34.21.71) 03,i*chin.ni (03.221.73) p3p5ni (211.73). (GD) Glyag~.ni (209.73), "'Xani. :(312) a.ya.nu.tke. (050.233:.5i3.81),i," t.ochineni (033 .221.735) we (2) pap i (211t.7 3 ). (GB2) gayain (209. 735) r 0po3gano (03).366.01) w(228L) pap.ni. (21.73), "G4 (237) ge (30o) ra3k5y1 (03.233.2)7" P.cban.nt (03.221.73) wa. (228) pap.ni ( 0211.73X), 27 (GF) "Gike (365). (GG) Gi (237) r.apkak.no (03.333.01)," n.china (01.221), maka.kta (77.76) r.ashka.ta.na.tka.no (03.335.21.71.81.01). (GH) Wane.k.lu (202.52.15) n.Jem.lewa.ta.na.tka (01.222.34.21.71.81) ka.chino.taa (oo4.367.39) r.ixa (03.225). (GI) Gi (237) pa.chino.nanu kta.lu (290.367.31.76.03). (GJ) Gi (237) n.uzkata (01.318) yan.ro. ta.na.tka (233.35.21.71.81). (GK) Gi.kanopi (03.368) P.koshpak.ni (03. 235.73) pap.ni (211.73). (Gc ) N.utnu.kano.ta.na.tka (01.370.31-369. 21.71.81). (GM) Ci (237), n.umkata (01.318) gijruk.le.kano.ta.na (371. 35.31-369.21.71). (GN) Giyag.ni (209.73) gaya.na.ta.tka (05.233.37. 21.81). (GO) Tuka.tka.wu (251.81,05) pso.kak.lu (208.22.03) gapo (234). (GP) Wane (202) w.et.lewa.t.ya.na.tka (05.265.34.21.42.71.81) giyalu (220). (GQ) 7.muyoka.tka.lu.na (07.250.81.03.07) wa (228) kewe.ne (247.27). (GR) "Go go go (252)." (GS) R.ugrika.tka (03.372.81). (GT) Gike-n.ya (365-01.233) gatsko.le.ta.na (373.35*21.71). (GU) Gipag. ni (209.73) n.ota..nu.ko (01.265.53.52) P.yagot.kaka.m.ta.tka.na (07. 374.22.38.21.81.07) giyalu.yma (220.31) kewe (247). (GV) Kew.ni (247. 73) ,.yagota.tka (03.374.81) giyalu (220), sey.ni (260.73) kewe (247) gapnu.ta.n.ru (375.21.53.03) giyal.ni (220.73). (GW) Shinikan.mak.la (376.77.103). (GX) Kigle.p.no (377.72.01), n.utsolgi.wa.ta..nu (01.378. 32*31.53), sey.ni (260.73) gi (237) n.uxkata (01.318) giteolgi.w.lo. ta.na.tka (378.32.35.21.71.8i). (GY) Ptsor.pot.lu (379.31.03) giyalu (220) .oyagot.ya.waka (03.374.42.61) wa (228) kewe (247). (GZ) Giyag. ni (209.73) r.uxrika.ya.ka.ta.tka (03.380,63.21.81) n.uknoga.m.ta.tka (01.329.38.21.81). (HA) W.tcmsa.m.ta.tka.na (05.381.38.21.81.07) kewe.ne (247.27). (0)j Ga.ya.na.ta.tka (05.233.37.21.81). (IHCO) WVyopika .tka (05.382.81). (HD) Gi (237) n.umkat.na.na.tka.wa (01*318.74.71.81.93). (HE) Glyag. ni(209.73 ) kanawa (244) n.upteka.tka (01.246.81). (HF) W.kopru.ga. m.ta. tka (05.243.31-287.38.21.81). (HG) W.utspaka.tka (05.245.81). (HI) Wane (202) P.chin.rni (03.221.73) pap.ni (211.73), "Mgenoklu.,mka (274.77) giyla.ta.n.na.tka.l1u (336.21.53.71.81.03) ," Oi.chin.ni (03.221. 73)0. (HI) Giyag.ni (209.73) n.kanika.na.tka (01.384.71.81) . (HJ) t.kanji.ta.na.tka.no.na (07.385.21.71.81.01.07). (HK) R.uynuma.ta.na. tka. no.na (07.386.21.71.81.01.07). (HL) N.wamonu.w.potu.ta.na (01.387.32. 31.21.71). (HM) N.chiyaga.nshinikanu.te (01.388.31-376.21). (HN) Giyag.ni (209.73) wane (202) .chin.ni (04.221.73) jir.ni (389.73), "P.et.i.ni.n.wa (02.265.54.75.74.93) xani. (312). (HO) Wale. k.mak.ni (303.52.77.73) n.uyko.t.ya.n.yi (01.390.21.42.53.02). (HP) Mapshaga.prik.lu (223.224.03) n.chin.ni.mka.yi (01.221.73.77.02). (HQ) Ma.jnako.t ni.tka.oyi (003.391.26.73.81.02) ," .chin.ni.n (04.221.73.01) wa (228) jir.ni (389.73). (HR) "P.eta.n (02.265.53) wa (228) xani (312). (ES) Gi (237) wa (228) p.yopto.lewa.ta.na (02.364.34.21.71) gi (237) ka.yag.kak.'ni'.iy (004.392.22.73.02) ," . chin.ni (04.221.73). Wa (228) jir.ni (389.73). (HT) Seyo.ka (260.51). 28 II. Free Translation (A) We lived in Rocky River. (B) Just a little above the mouth of the river we lived in my childhood. (C) I was the size of Toto (about 12). (D) So that is where my father cleared the jungle. (E) So we built a house there. (F) When the house was finished, papa burned the clearing. (G) Then he planted manioc. (H) We wereworking at the plant- ing. (I) Early in the morning wo were planting. (J) Vory early in the morning a peccary criod. (K) So I said, "Papa, hear the peccary," I said to papa. (L) So papa said, "It's a dark morning. (M) -Apparitions come out on dark days," said papa. (M) Then the peccary cried again. (0) They said it had arrived opposite us. (P) So I told papa. (Q) "Let's go see the peccary," I said to papa. (R) So papa said, "Let's go then. (S) We'll go and see it the first thing we do." (T) So papa got out his gun. (U) aMay- be I don' t really want to," said papa. - (V) "From right there where he' s about to run, from right there be sure you return," said grandpa. (W) So we crossed over in the canoe. (X) Then we went ashore. (Y) Then he jumped out of the canoe, my dog, the hunting dog. (Z) So he was barking then. (AA) Frora place to place over there, "Ho ho ho," he was saying. (AB) So right behind them we were staying, I with papa. (AC) There we saw the peccary's track. (AD) "He's beon running along," said papa. (AE) So, a way over there was the dog. (AF) So,"Let's go. (AG) Let's follow him. (AH) Wherever he routs one out, there we' 11 shoot him with an arrow. (AI) From right there we'll return," said papa. (AJ) But he didn' t rout one. (AK) We followed him then. (AL) He was far away, but the dog was catching up with him. (AM) He didn't let him go. (AN) Way over there, three turns of the river away, the peccary swam across. (AO) Then we heard the dog barking. (AP) "Ho ho ho," ho said then. (AO) But the peccary..had swum to the other side. (AR) So thore we caught up with him then. (AS) We brought the dog back. (AT) "Let's go,". said papa. (AU) So we returned then. (AV) There I saw midget monkeys. (AW) Pichicos, they were. (AX) I missed them. (AY) Just a little way off was papa. (AZ) Thon ho said, "Come here now. (BA) Look. (BB) That may-be a Jaguar now," said papa. (BC) "What on earth-has chased that big partridge?" (BD) There I left the midget monkeys. (BE) I had just turnod around when I heard panguanas flying again, but the Jaguar had scattered them. (BF) Doves came flying right here. (BG) So the dog sniffed again. (BE) He barked again, "Ho ho ho," he said again. (BI) So I went way over there. (BJ) Papa had gone in a. difforent direction. (BK) Then I heard papa yelling. (BL) "Where are you? (BM) Hooo?. (BN) Came here now," he said. (BO) "This is a Jaguar track," said papa. (BP) So I went in that direction toward papa. 29 (BQ) I wasn't afraid. (BR) "I'll have a good look at it. (BS) I'll kill the Jaguar," I said. (BT) It seemed as though it was not dan- gerous. (BU) I had never seen a Jaguar. (BV) So I was not afraid of it. (BW) Papa yelled again. (BX) "You come here now. (BY) This is a Jaguar track," said papa. (BZ) So I ran then. (CA) I was going through a bamboo thicket. (CB) So I was following papa' s tracks.- (CC) I was going in his footsteps. (CD) There I saw the Jaguar's tracks. (CE) They were deep scratches (CF) So I heard, "Ho ho ho ho ho ho," the dog was saying. (CG) They wore crying out. (CH) So somewhere there papa was waiting for mo. (CI) "You hurry up now," said papa. (CJ) I was right near there too. (CK) Then I saw the dogs. (CL) Their hair was standing up fiorcoly. (CM) So papa said, "You hurry up," said papa. (CN) "Aren' t you afraid? (CO) They are baying what may be the Jaguar right hero." (CP) So I hunted for him. (CQ) "Where is he now?" I said. (CR) Farther away the dog barked again, but on the other side of a small stump it came into view again. (CS) Away tho dog went again. (CT) I saw it come out barking as it went. (CU) I might have run first, but I saw it come out then. (CV) I was going to got out my arrow. (CW) I had twisted my arrow up in string. (CX) I could not take it out then. (CY) I throw my arrow away. (CZ) Then I would have run. (DA) Papa said, "Run. (IB) That's the Jaguar," he said. (DC) His gun did not go off. (DD) He throw it aside. (DE) So I followed papa. (DF) I ran then. (DG) I didn't go to shoot, I didn't. (DH) Then in a moment where I was running there was a vino. (DI) It caught my foot. (DJ) I fell down flat. (DK) I lay face down. (DL) So the dog crossed over me. (DM) The Jaguar was chasing the dog. (DN) So, as I heard it, it seemed the Jaguar had passed. (DO) I was just rising up when I heard, "Toooo", it went. (DP) So papa had come. (DQ) His gun did not go off. (DR) Papa threw the gun aside. (DS) He himself grappled with the Jaguar. (PT) I felt it land on my back. (DU) It seemed he had not bitten me. (DV) But I screamed, "Papa, the Jaguar is killing me now," I said. (DW) I was in a panic. (DX) So papa grabbed the Jaguar with his hands. (DY) Then I don't remomber any more. (DZ) From fear maybe I fainted. (EA) Then soon, "Tooo" said the gun. (EB) Papa had shot at it. (EC) So I got up. (ED) I looked at the ground. (EE) I saw the ground all bloody. (EF) I said, "Now the Jaguar's killed some dog," but it was my own blood. (EG) Then I said, "Ho almost killed me. (EH) Now I'm going to shoot him," I said. (EI) I saw my arrows. (EJ) Tho arrows were lying scattered. (EK) Thon I heard the dogs. "Ho ho ho ho ho," they wore saying. (EL) I gathered up my arrows. (EM) "Now this is the time," I said. (EN) I saw papa. (EO) His face was all bloody, papa's was. (EP) It had struck his nose. (EQ) Papa had almost fallen to the ground. (ER) Then, "My, it looked as if he was going to kill you," said papa. 30 (ES) Then I saw the jaguar sitting down'. (ET) The dogs wore bark- ing at him. (EU) How big he was' (EV) I said, "Now I'm going to shoot you too," I said to him. (EW) I had just drawn my bow when papa snatched the arrow from me. (EX) "' 11 take care, of this myself," said papa. (EY) "You'd miss him for sure. (EZ) I' ll shoot him myself," said papa. (FA) So he shot him. (TB) He hit him with the first arrow, but it didn't hurt him*. (FC) Then he hit him with another arrow again, but it didn' t hurt him. (FD) With five arrows he hit him squa~rely. (FE) Then he said, "Load the gun." (FF) So I tried to find theA bag. (Ft) _I said, "The bag is not here. (FEH) Where is it?" I said. (X1) "That's the bag there," said papa. (FJ) "I'll load it myself," said papa. (FK) As soon as it was filled he shot. (FL) "Tooo." (FM) He filled it again. (FN) Again he shot him. (FO) "Toooo." (FP) Again he filled it. (FQ) As soon as it was filled he shot him again. (ER) "Toooo." (FS) But the Jaguar was not hurt. (FT) Thon he filled it again. (FU) "Is he going to go on forever?" said papa. (FV) Not twice papa shot him. (FW) He repeated it again. (FX) Then ho knelt down, (TY) Again he loaded it. (FZ) Immediately he shot him again. (GA) Then he really died. (GB) So ho said, "Look out now. . (GC) Don't be going up to it," said papa. (GD) So, "Let's go now," said papa. (GE) So papa asked me, "Did he get you?" said papa. (GF) "No. (GG) He didn't got me," I said, but he had bitten me. (GH) Then I began to feel a terrific pain. (GI) It didn't hurt just a little. '(GJ) I couldn't walk. (GK) Papa took off his shirt. (GL) He put my arm in a sling. (GM) I couldn' t lower my arm. (GN) So we went then. (GO) We were way off on a little path. (GP) Then we saw the peccary. (GQ) The dogs wore barking at it. (GCE) "Ho ho ho." (GS) It growled. (GT) I didn't have any place to climb up. (GU) So I saw the dogs fight the peccary. (GV) The peccary fought the dogs, but the dogs gave it back to him. (GW) It would have been a great entertainment. (GX) If I had been well, I would have laughed, but then I couldn' t laugh. (GY) It was awfully funny, the dogst fight with the peccary. (GZ) So when they had gone aside I wont past. (HA) Ho called the dogs. (EB) Then we loft. (HC) We climbed down to the river. (ED) I couldn't take any more. (HE) Then I got into the canoe. (HF) We crossed. (HG) We came ashore. (HE) Papa said, "A Jaguar would have killed him," he said. (HI) So I climbed up from the river. (HJ) They led me by the hand. (HK) They wore talking to me. (EL) I was very sad. (EM) In my mind I was crying. (EN) Then grandma said, "See now. (HO) That's just what I warned you. (HP) I tried to tell you it was a dark morning. (HQ) You had no ears," said grandm. (ER) "Watch out now. (HS) Don't be meeting up with so many troubles," said grandma. (HT) It is finished. 31 III. Glossary 000, and 00 to 100. Centuries and decades of non-roots. Person Markers Possessive Prefixos with Noun Classes _'III II I I Subject Prefixes with Verb Classes II I Ob ject Suffixes Prodicati z- ing Suffixes no- pu- gi- n- p_ np p_ r- -no -yi -lu 04 to- wu- w- v- gi- _ gi- . ol-na p-. . . -na r-. . . -na w.- w- oga- p-..-na r o...-na -lo -Wu -gi. -na -no -yi -lu (a -ni 63) -lo ( a -ni 63) -wu -gi -na ( nna < -*nina 63+07) Translations are as follows: 01 First porson singular, 02 Second person singular, 03 Third person masculine singular, 04 Third person feminine singular, 05 First person plural, 06 Socond person plural, 07 Third per- son plural. 001 go- Extends or prolongs the action of a verb; lengthens the object named by a noun. Is prefixod as a Class I noun or verb. 002 gi- Indioates that tho subject cooperates with the object In the action. Occurs only with verbs and verbal nouns, taking the prefixes of a Class I verb. 003 m-w ma- Privative. ma- occurs with nouns of Class III, and in froo variation with m- before vorbs of Class II. It occurs apparently without moaning following the prefix gi- Cooporativo with cortain verbs arbitrarily selocted. 004 k-w ka- Having a certain attribute, belonging to a class. 11 -Vka Semolfactive; that is, thoro is one unit of action. 12 -Vwna Intransitivo verbal or verbalizing suffix. 13 -no Possessive. 14 -Vto Possessive. 15 -lu Infinitive, nominal, nominalizor. Occurs as nominalizor of verb and adverb stems and as nominal with nouns and pronouns. 16 V>e (following -lu 15 Infinitive) Possessive. 32 01 02 03 05 06 07 - - - t- t- t- 17 -menu 'cause'. Nominalizes verb stems. 21 -Vta E-ta Verbal and Verbalizer. The alternate -ta occurs only after -Ym 38. Occurs as verbal with verb stems, and as verbalizer with nouns and adjectives. 22 -kaka Collective, '.each', or reciprocal with nouns, pronouns and adjectives. Reciprocal with verbs in which the- bject is not expressed. Causative with verb plus object. With the verb, -kaka occurs in Order 20. With the noun, pronoun, and adverb, -kaka occurs among suffixos of Order 30. 23 -Vga Hortatory. 24 -jixa 'by proxy' or 'by command' 25 -Vlu/o -li/o Individual, designating a person or objoct. The variant -li/o occurs following -Vchi 101 Participial, and in free varia- tion with -Vlu/o/i with adjectival nouns and somo noun stems. Occurs as nominal with nouns proper and interrogatives. Occurs as a nominaliz- er with adjective and verb stems. 26 -Vtu Nominal and nominalizer. Occurs as a nominal with nouns and a nominalizer with verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Usually -Vtu 26 occurs in sequence with ma- 003 Privative. 27 -Vne Plural of persons and animals and birds, and nominalizer. Occurs as nominal with nouns, and nominalizer alternating with either -Vlu 25 or -Vtu 26 with verbs. 28 -Vnu Possessed object, Abstract. Occurs as nominal with nouns, and ncominalizer with other major word classes. 31 Any incorporated word, usually a postclitic, Class III noun, or other noun. Postclitics are affixed to word classes other than the verb, or follow them as separate words, not being incorporated. The postclitics kaka 22 and koxa 91 occur among suffixes 31 with word classes other than the verb. The most common postclitics are hero listed alphabetically: gapka 31 'first', 'next in succession' getko 31 'maybe' gima 31 Quotative gegne 31 Expansivo, of time or space gonu 31 'principal' kalka 22 Causative; reciprocal; 'each' koxa 91 'also' kta 76 Generalizer makam mka 77 Optative menu 17 'causo' migJo 31 Privative Mnu 31 'unit' nanu 31 Distributive pguta 31 'appear' pja 31 'only' poko 31 Manner, 'how' potu 31 Intensifier of result sha 3 1' just', t only' yogi 31 'where', 'in behalf of' yma 31 'with' 33 32 -Vwa- Vorbal, occurring with certain verb stems and verbalizod noun and adjective stems. 33 -sa- Indicates that action is profuse, as that a speaker is loquacious. 34 -lowa- Suggosts that tho subject is characterizod.by tho action or state of a verb. 35 -l- Occurs in tho socond of successive verbs, to which the preceding verb functions more or less as an auxiliary. 36 -Jo- 'always' May indicate that the action occurs always, or that the effects are lasting. 37 -Vna- Temporal. In some situations corresponds to tho progres- sive of English. Generally indicates that the action or state was not continued indefinitely. 38 -Vm- Indicates that tho action of tho verb is superficial. 39 -Vta Exclanaatory. Usually occurs as -Vtaa because of intonation- al modification. Occasionally occurs as -Vtayy with a borrowing of the Quochua -y Exclamatory. 41 -Vpa With verbs, indicates that tho subject goos or comes to perform the action. With other word classes, indicates change. In verbs the noncontiguous preceding vowel is lost unless the vowel loss would result in a cluster of three consonants, or unless the suffix -Vpa immedi- ately follows a stom of only two syllables. 42 -ya -o -V >i + ya '-V > i X -Vya. Locative, 'right thoro'. Soerve also to show syntactic relationships such as are translated by the prepo- sitions 'by, from, for, to, at', and makes the object of a vorb indirect rather than direct. With verbs the preceding vowel is not retained oxcept after a consonant cluster, in which case the alternative -V > i + -ya Occurs; preceding the Passives 51 and 52 the alternate -V >i occurs. With other word classes the alternate -Vya occurs. 51 -ka m-Vka Passivo with vorbs; Affirmative with other word class- Os. -ka occurs with verbs; -Vka with other word classes. 52 -ko m-Vko Anticipatory passive with verbs; Emphatic with other word classes. -ko occurs with verbs; -Vko with all other word classes. 53 -Vnu Anticipatory and imperative. Occurs with verbs and advorbs. 54 -V >i +ni Conditional, 'if' or 'when'. This morpheme might be do scribod as -Vnu 53 with vowel change. 34 61 -Vwaka 'time', 'place', 'manner'. Occurs as a verbal suffix with verbs, a nominal suffix with nouns and as a nominalizing suffix with adjectives, adverbs, and verbs. 62 -kawa ':following.period of time'. 63 -yaka Status. Occurs as a nominal suffix with nouns, arnd as a nominalizing suffix with vorbs. 71 -Vna w -na Intensifier of action or state. Also calls attention to unit actions of a process, as the strokes otf a beating, or to a par- ticular item associated with tho object. The variant -na occurs with the verb and adverb after -nu 53 Anticipatory when followed by -Vtka 81 'now' or -Vtnaka 82 'again'. 72 -Vpa X -pa Preceding or following, but not coinciding with, tho time implied in the context. This suffix may also indicate purpose: 'for', 'in order to' , The form -Vpa is used except when preceding -Vtka 81 or -Vtnaka 82. 73 -ni Assertivo. Stresses actuality, or points out the subjoct for particular attention. Occurs with all word classes oxcept the inter- Jection. With all word classes except the verb and adverb the Assertive may be pleonastically marked, occurring in various orders. Used obliga- torily in reference to dead. 74 -na Reflexive. Always occurs in sequence with -wa 93 Reflexive. 75 -V> i preceding -na 74 Reflexivo. Anticipatory or conditional of reflexive. Always occurs in sequence with -wa 93 Roflexive. 76 -Vkta Generalizes the statement, as adding the idea of 'wher- ever', 'whenever', 'whoever', 'all over', etc. 77 -maka --Vmka Condition unfulfilled; optative; frustrated action. The alternate -Vnka occurs after a consonant cluster or a one or two syl- lable word. Occurs with all major word classes. 81 -Vtoka 'already', 'then', 'now'. 82 -Vtnaka Repetitive. 83 -Vwa ' yet', ' still'. 91 koxa 'also', With verbs koxa occurs in Order 90. With all other maJor word classes koxa occurs among suffixes of Order 31. With the noun and pronoun koxa occurs either among suffixes of Ordor 31 or in Or- der 90, but not in both positions simultaneously. koxa is optionally free or bound. 92 -V> e Indicates personal interest on the part of the subject. 35 93 -Vwa 0 -wa Rofloxive or Invitational. The; vowol is rotainod beforo -wa except when it immodiately follows -V> i +ni 65 Anticipatory Reflexivew Indicates the speaker' s interest in the action. 101 -Vchi m -chi Implies a degree of syntactic indopendence. For example, nouns of Class III cannot occur without a prefix or head word except with -Vchi 101. With the verb, a sort of participle. The variant -chi occurs after bound verb stems. 102 -Vie Seems to be an endearment or literary flourish, used in exclamations and in songs especially. Also occurs frequently before -go 105 Interrogative. 103 -Vla Calls attention to the subject. 104 -Vii Probably a diminutive or endearment. 105 -ge Interrogative. 200-30. Wcris8, clitics, roots (classes indicated by roman numerals correspond to Po:taon Marker classes. Seo 00). 201 sotlu Noun II 'stone' < sot-+ -1u 25 Individual. 202 wane Adverb 'thlus, then, there'. 203 gwa Verb I 'be, remain,, live'. 204 skita Noun III 'branching'. 205 gawaka Noun I 'up river'. 206 matu- Noun II 'smallnoss, childhood'. 207 Toto Propor namo